Parasphingopyxis marina sp. nov. isolated from coastal seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented and non-motile rod-shaped bacterium, designated as GrpM-11T, was isolated from coastal seawater collected from the East Sea, Republic of Korea. Strain GrpM-11T could grow at 10-40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3-4 %). Cells hydrolysed aesculin, gelatin and casein, but could not reduce nitrate to nitrite. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this strain formed a distinct phylogenic lineage with Parasphingopyxis algicola ATAX6-5T (96.2 % sequence identity) and Parasphingopyxis lamellibrachiae DSM 26725T (96.2 % identity) and belonged to the genus Parasphingopyxis. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipid profile of strain GrpM-11T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. Cellular fatty acid analysis indicated that summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c; 42.8 %), C16 : 0 (19.0 %), C18 : 1 ω7c 11-methyl (13.3 %) and C18 : 1 ω7c (8.0 %) were the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain GrpM-11T was 63.7 mol%. Through whole genome sequence comparisons, the digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain GrpM-11T and two species of the genus Parasphingopyxis were revealed to be in the ranges of 19.0-22.0 % and 76.3-79.7 %, respectively. Based on the results of polyphasic analysis, strain GrpM-11T represents a novel species of the genus Parasphingopyxis, for which the name Parasphingopyxis marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GrpM-11T (KCCM 43343T=JCM 34665T).

Pelagicola marinus sp. nov. isolated from deep-sea water.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated strain DSW4-44T, was isolated from deep-sea water from the East Sea of Korea. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 25 °C and pH 7.5. DSW4-44T grew with 1.0-6.0 % NaCl, having optimum growth at 3-4 %. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that DSW4-44T represented a member of the class Alphaproteobacteria and was most closely related to Pelagicola litoralis CL-ES2T and Pelagicola litorisediminis D1-W8T, with similarities of 96.5 and 95.6 %, respectively. The major fatty acid was summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The polar lipids of DSW4-44T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified lipids and three unidentified phospholipids. The isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content of DSW4-44T was 54.3 mol%. On the basis of evidence from a polyphasic study, strain DSW4-44T represent a novel species of the genus Pelagicola, for which the name Pelagicola marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DSW4-44T (=KCTC 62762T=KCCM 43261T=JCM 33637T).

Zhongshania marina sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, motile by a single polar flagellum, rod-shaped strain, designated DSW25-10T, was isolated from the deep-sea water of the East Sea, Republic of Korea. Strain DSW25-10Tgrew at 4-35 °C (optimum, 20-35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-6.0 % NaCl (optimum, 0.5-2 %), and could assimilate valerate, but not assimilate d-mannitol and 3-hydroxy-butyrate. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DSW25-10T belongs to the genus Zhongshania in the family Spongiibacteraceae and is most closely related to Zhongshania guokunii ZS6-22T, Zhongshania borealis CL-AS9T, Zhongshania aliphaticivorans SM-2T and Zhongshani antarctica ZS5-23T with a similarities of 97.1, 97.0, 96.7 and 96.6 %, respectively. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 49.1 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were identified as the major cellular polar lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids in strain DSW25-10T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DSW25-10T and related strains were clearly lower than 70 %. On the basis of evidence from a polyphasic analysis, strain DSW25-10T is proposed to represent a novel species, Zhongshania marina sp. nov. The type strain is DSW25-10T (=KCCM 43273T=JCM 17372T).

Pseudoxanthomonas putridarboris sp. nov. isolated from rotten tree.

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated WD12T, was isolated from a rotten tree at Chungbuk National University, South Korea. WD12T grew optimally at 30-37 °C and pH 7.0-7.5 and could assimilate arbutin and potassium-5-ketogluconate. The major cellular fatty acid were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, cyclo C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, summed features 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and anteiso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.1 %. The results of phylogenetic and comparative analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that WD12T formed a tight phylogenetic lineage with Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana AMX 26BT and Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis 12-3T of the the genus Pseudoxanthomonas in the family Xanthomonadaceae. Sequence similarity to other members of the genus Pseudoxanthomonasranged from 98.6 % (P. mexicana AMX 26BT) to 95.1 % (Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis CB-226T). DNA-DNA relatedness between WD12T and eight type strains of species of the genus Pseudoxanthomonasshowing more than 97 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity were 6±0-26±1 %. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, WD12T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthomonas, for which the name Pseudoxanthomonas putridarboris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WD12T (=KACC 15045T=LMG 25968T).