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1.
Nutr Res Pract ; 14(4): 334-351, 2020 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32765814

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the improvement effect of white ginseng extract (GS-KG9) on D-galactosamine (Ga1N)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Rats were orally administrated with GS-KG9 (300, 500, or 700 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The rats of the GS-KG9- and silymarin-treated groups and a control group were then intraperitoneally injected Ga1N at a concentration of 650 mg/kg for 4 days. To investigate the protective effect of GS-KG9 against GalN-induced liver injury, blood liver function indicators, anti-oxidative stress indicators, and histopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS: Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GS-KG9 ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in GalN-treated rats. The hepatoprotective effects of GS-KG9 involved enhancing components of the hepatic antioxidant defense system, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). In addition, GS-KG9 treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by GalN treatment in hepatocytes and significantly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins, which are antioxidant proteins. In particular, by histological analyses bases on hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-ß1 staining, we determined that the administration of 500 mg/kg GS-KG9 inhibited hepatic inflammation and fibrosis due to the excessive accumulation of collagen. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that GS-KG9 improves GalN-induced liver inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GS-KG9 may be considered a useful candidate in the development of a natural preventive agent against liver injury.

2.
Prev Nutr Food Sci ; 24(4): 492-497, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31915646

ABSTRACT

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease characterized by prostatic enlargement and is the most common urologic symptoms in elderly men 60 years of age and older. Previously, we documented that 70% ethanol (EtOH) seed extract of Quisqualis indica (QI) attenuates pathological condition of testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rat model via modulation of proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells. Based on this potential of QI, we produced standardized seed extract of QI (HU-033) in order to prove further mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to suggest further mechanisms underlying the relationship between BPH and HU-033. Through not only cellular and nuclear receptor functional assays, but TP-mediated BPH rat model treated with HU-033, we demonstrated that HU-033 exerted antagonist effect on α1A- and α1D-adrenergic receptors in vitro and inhibitory effect on protein expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that HU-033 is a novel candidate for the management of BPH.

3.
Phytother Res ; 31(3): 497-506, 2017 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28112442

ABSTRACT

Amyloid-beta oligomer (AßO) is a soluble oligomer form of the Aß peptide and the most potent amyloid-beta form that induces neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the effect of dried white ginseng extract (WGE) on neuronal cell damage and memory impairment in intrahippocampal AßO (10 µM)-injected mice. Mice were treated with WGE (100 and 500 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 12 days after surgery. WGE improved memory impairment by inhibiting hippocampal cell death caused by AßO. In addition, AßO-injected mice treated with WGE showed restoration of reduced synaptophysin and choline acetyltransferase intensity and lower levels of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 in the hippocampus compared with those of vehicle-treated controls. These results suggest that WGE reverses memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease by attenuating neuronal damage and neuroinflammation in the AßO-injected mouse hippocampus. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Subject(s)
Amyloid beta-Peptides/toxicity , Hippocampus/drug effects , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Panax/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control , Animals , Cell Death/drug effects , Hippocampus/cytology , Male , Memory Disorders/pathology , Memory Disorders/prevention & control , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Neurons/drug effects
4.
Nat Prod Res ; 30(2): 206-13, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26211877

ABSTRACT

Two new phenolic compounds, 4-O-glucopyranosyl-5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (1) and 2,3-digalloyl oregonin (2), were isolated along with eight known phenolic compounds (3-10) from an 80% acetone extract of Alnus sibirica leaves. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution-MS. The anti-oxidative activities of these compounds were determined by assaying their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and nitroblue tetrazolium superoxide anion scavenging activity. All of the isolated phenolic compounds (1-10) exhibited potent anti-oxidative activities. In particular, 2 and 4, which are diarylheptanoids, and 10 which is ellagitannin exhibited excellent anti-oxidative activities with almost the same potency as that of the positive controls L-ascorbic acid and allopurinol.


Subject(s)
Alnus/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Diarylheptanoids/chemistry , Gallic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Glucosides/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Shikimic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry , Diarylheptanoids/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Gallic Acid/chemistry , Gallic Acid/pharmacology , Glucosides/pharmacology , Hydrolyzable Tannins/pharmacology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Phenols/chemistry , Picrates/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Shikimic Acid/chemistry , Shikimic Acid/pharmacology , Superoxides/chemistry
5.
Arch Pharm Res ; 38(1): 11-7, 2015 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24627338

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Quercus mongolica (QM) which induce anti-photoaging process of skin in vitro. Bioassay-guided isolation of 80 % Me2CO extract of the leaves of QM led to the isolation and identification of six known phenolic compounds: pedunculagin (1), (-)-epigallocatechin (2), (+)-catechin (3), quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-galloyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5) and kaempferol 3-O-(6″-galloyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (6). The effects of compounds 1-6 on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and type-I procollagen were further evaluated. Among them, compound 1 showed potent inhibitory effect on MMP-1 and the increased type-I procollagen synthesis in ultraviolet B-induced human fibroblast. These results suggest that pedunculagin, an ellagitannin, is a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of skin aging.


Subject(s)
Collagen Type I/biosynthesis , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/radiation effects , Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Phenols/isolation & purification , Phenols/pharmacology , Quercus/chemistry , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Fibroblasts/enzymology , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Free Radical Scavengers/isolation & purification , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Humans , Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Molecular Structure , Pancreatic Elastase/antagonists & inhibitors , Pancreatic Elastase/metabolism , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Skin Aging/drug effects , Ultraviolet Rays
6.
Nat Prod Res ; 28(17): 1409-12, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24749670

ABSTRACT

The Stewartia koreana Nakai (SK) had been used in oriental traditional medicine as a remedy for acute gastroenteritis, liver diseases, quadriplegia and pain. The antioxidant activity guided isolation 80% methyl extract from stems of SK yielded eight phenolic compounds. We evaluated the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds via assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) radicals and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results demonstrated that syringaresinol (6) exhibited significant DPPH radical-scavenging activity and inhibitory effects on NO production compared with its positive controls, ascorbic acid and L-NMMA, respectively.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers/isolation & purification , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Phenols/isolation & purification , Phenols/pharmacology , Picrates/pharmacology , Theaceae/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Furans/chemistry , Furans/isolation & purification , Furans/pharmacology , Lignans/chemistry , Lignans/isolation & purification , Lignans/pharmacology , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Macrophages/drug effects , Mice , Molecular Structure , Nitric Oxide/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Oxidation-Reduction , Phenols/chemistry , Plant Stems/chemistry , omega-N-Methylarginine/pharmacology
7.
Fitoterapia ; 92: 188-93, 2014 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24144798

ABSTRACT

Three sulfated phenolic compounds, juglanin B (11R)-O-sulfate (1), myricetin 3´-O-sulfate (2), and ampelopsin 3´-O-sulfate (3), were isolated from the leaves of Myrica rubra. Compound 1 was a new sulfated lignan, 2 was a new sulfated flavone, and 3 was a known sulfated flavone. The structures of the new compounds (1 and 2) were determined by acid hydrolysis and spectroscopic methods, including IR, FAB-MS, 1D and 2D NMR. The inhibitory activities of compounds 1-3 and their hydrolysates (1a-3a) against LPS-induced cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. The 2 new compounds (1 and 2) and their aglycones (1a and 2a) significantly reduced LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Cytokines/metabolism , Flavones/pharmacology , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Inflammation/metabolism , Lignans/pharmacology , Myrica/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Sulfuric Acid Esters/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Flavones/chemistry , Flavones/isolation & purification , Flavones/therapeutic use , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/drug therapy , Interleukins/metabolism , Lignans/chemistry , Lignans/isolation & purification , Lignans/therapeutic use , Lipopolysaccharides , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/metabolism , Mice , Molecular Structure , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Sulfuric Acid Esters/chemistry , Sulfuric Acid Esters/isolation & purification , Sulfuric Acid Esters/therapeutic use , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
8.
Phytochemistry ; 96: 430-6, 2013 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24161492

ABSTRACT

Activity guided isolation of a Spiraea prunifolia extract yielded five caffeoyl hemiterpene glycosides: 4'-(6-O-caffeoyl-ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-2'-methyl butyric acid, 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-(4'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, 1,2-O-dicaffeoyl-6-O-(4'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-(4'-caffeoyl-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, and 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-(4'-caffeoyl-3'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, and nine known compounds. Structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and FAB-MS. To evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of all fourteen compounds, DPPH radical scavenging, NBT superoxide scavenging, and inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were examined. Three of the caffeoyl hemiterpene glycosides exhibited potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities compared with Vitamin C and l-NMMA, which were used as positive controls.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Caffeic Acids/isolation & purification , Caffeic Acids/pharmacology , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Glycosides/pharmacology , Hemiterpenes/isolation & purification , Hemiterpenes/pharmacology , Spiraea/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology , Caffeic Acids/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Glycosides/chemistry , Hemiterpenes/chemistry , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Macrophages/drug effects , Mice , Molecular Structure , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Picrates/pharmacology , Stereoisomerism
9.
Molecules ; 18(5): 4876-86, 2013 Apr 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23615534

ABSTRACT

Fifteen phenolic compounds, including three caffeoyl derivatives, four gallotannins, three ellagitannins and five flavonoids, were isolated from an 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of Corylopsis coreana Uyeki (Korean winter hazel; CL). The anti-oxidative activities [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase superoxide scavenging activities (NBT)] and the anti-proliferative activity on human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and LNCaP) were also evaluated.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Antioxidants , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Hamamelidaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Male , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
10.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) ; 61(3): 340-3, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23449204

ABSTRACT

Three new orcinol (3-hydroxy-5-methylphenol)-conjugated hydrolysable tannins, together with two known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Cleyera japonica (CJ), and have been tentatively named cleyeratannin A (1), cleyeratannin B (2) and cleyeratannin C (3). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1 dimensional (1D)/2D NMR and high resolution FAB-MS, and the absolute configuration was confirmed by circular dichroism (CD). To evaluate their anti-oxidative activities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)/free radical scavenging activity and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)/superoxide anion scavenging activity were determined.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Hydrolyzable Tannins/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Resorcinols/chemistry , Theaceae/chemistry , Nitroblue Tetrazolium/chemistry , Superoxides/chemistry
11.
Arch Pharm Res ; 35(10): 1779-84, 2012 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23139129

ABSTRACT

Chromatographic separation of the 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of Ilex rotunda (IR) led to isolation of two new hemiterpene glycosides, tentatively named as rotundarpenoside A (1) and rotundarpenoside B (2), along with five known caffeoyl derivatives (3-7). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1D/2D NMR, HR-MS, and the absolute configuration was confirmed by Mosher's method. In order to evaluate their anti-oxidative activities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase superoxide scavenging activities (NBT) were determined.


Subject(s)
Free Radical Scavengers/isolation & purification , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Hemiterpenes/isolation & purification , Ilex/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Glycosides/pharmacology , Hemiterpenes/pharmacology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Picrates/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Superoxides/chemistry , Xanthine Oxidase/chemistry
12.
Molecules ; 17(10): 11484-94, 2012 Sep 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23018923

ABSTRACT

Isolation of compounds from the root of Rhodiola sachalinensis (RRS) yielded tyrosol (1), salidroside (2), multiflorin B (3), kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (4), afzelin (5), kaempferol (6), rhodionin (7), and rhodiosin (8). Quantification of these compounds was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the compounds, DPPH radical scavenging, NBT superoxide scavenging and nitric oxide production inhibitory activities were examined in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. We suggest that the major active components of RRS are herbacetin glycosides, exhibiting antioxidant activity, and kaempferol, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Phenols/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Roots/chemistry , Rhodiola/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds/antagonists & inhibitors , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Humans , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Picrates/antagonists & inhibitors , Superoxides/antagonists & inhibitors
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