Intelligent autonomous treatment of bedwetting using non-invasive wearable advanced mechatronics systems and MEMS sensors : Intelligent autonomous bladder monitoring to treat NE.

Post-void alarm systems to monitor bedwetting in nocturnal enuresis (NE) have been deemed unsatisfactory. The aim of this study is to develop a safe, comfortable and non-invasive pre-void wearable alarm and associated technologies using advanced mechatronics. Each stage of development includes patient and public involvement and engagement (PPI). The early stages of the development involved children with and without NE (and parents) who were tested at a hospital under the supervision of physicians, radiologists, psychologists, and nurses. The readings of the wearable device were simultaneously compared with B-mode images and measurements, acquired from a conventional ultrasound device, and were found to correlate highly. The results showed that determining imminent voiding need is viable using non-invasive sensors. Following on from "proof of concept," a bespoke advanced mechatronics device has been developed. The device houses custom electronics, an ultrasound system, intelligent software, a user-friendly smartphone application, bedside alarm box, and a dedicated undergarment, along with a self-adhesive gel pad-designed to keep the MEMS sensors aligned with the abdomen. Testing of the device with phantoms and volunteers has been successful in determining bladder volume and associated voiding need. Five miniaturised, and therefore more ergonomic, versions of the device are being developed, with an enabled connection to the cloud platform for location independent control and monitoring. Thereafter, the enhanced device will be tested with children with NE at their homes for 14 weeks, to gain feedback relating to wearability and data collection involving the cloud platform. Graphical Abstract Design of the MyPAD advanced mechatronics system.

Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma mimicking a carcinoid tumor: Case report and literature review.

Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma is a rare malignancy. Commonly described radiologic features in the literature include pleural disease and/or effusion, lack of calcification and high uptake on positron emission tomography computerised tomography. A 68-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of cough. Imaging studies showed a right upper lobe mass with internal foci of calcification, endobronchial extension, and low fluorodeoxyglucose avidity on positron emission tomography computerised tomography, leading to an initial diagnosis of carcinoid tumor. However, histologic specimens suggested an unexpected diagnosis of aggressive synovial sarcoma, and the case was referred to the sarcoma MDT. Metastatic synovial sarcoma was ruled out, and radical surgical excision of the lesion was performed. This article highlights the multiple atypical features of primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma as seen in this case and reviews imaging findings described in the literature. Radiologists should be aware of this unusual yet aggressive type of sarcoma.

Sarcoid tenosynovitis, rare presentation of a common disease. Case report and literature review.

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder characterized by the presence of non-caseating tissue granulomas most commonly affecting lungs, lymph nodes and skin. Sarcoid skeletal involvement is relatively uncommon and in particular tenosynovitis. We describe an unusual case of sarcoidosis presenting with granulomatous tenosynovitis as the only manifestation of the disease, illustrating the radiological findings on different modalities followed by a review of the literature. Radiologists and clinicians should be aware of tenosynovitis as a manifestation of sarcoidosis as early and therefore appropriate treatment significantly alters patient's outcome and prognosis.