Prevalence of Squamous and Basal Cell Carcinomas in African Albino Skin Cancer Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Proportion.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of cutaneous SCC and BCC in all histologically confirmed skin cancer lesions in African albinos.The following five databases are as follows: African Journals Online (AJOL), PubMed, Europe PMC, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles. Study Selection: included studies were case series and cross-sectional studies of histologically confirmed skin cancers in African albinos. Data extraction and synthesis: data extraction and synthesis was informed by the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guideline. By random effect meta-analysis, we calculated the pooled prevalence of SCC and BCC in skin cancer lesions of the African albinos. Result: We abstracted 695 skin cancer lesions from 540 African albinos (275 male and 241 female albinos with sex not stated in 24 subjects). There were 419 SCCs and 249 BCCs. By meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of SCC is 64% (95% CI; 50-77%). The prevalence for BCC is 31% (95% CI; 19-45%). Conclusion: Overall, squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant type of keratinocyte carcinoma reported in African albinos. SCC is preponderant in case series of surgical excision biopsies while BCC predominates in studies reporting on albino skin surveillance programmes.

Diagnostic value of Chorioquick for detecting chorioamnionitis in women with premature rupture of membranes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of a semi-quantitative interleukin-6 (IL-6) vaginal secretion rapid test (Chorioquick) for detecting chorioamnionitis in women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM). METHODS: A prospective cohort study in five tertiary hospitals in Nigeria involved women with confirmed PROM at term and preterm PROM with or without suspected chorioamnionitis from August 1, 2017, to October 31, 2018. Cervicovaginal fluid samples were tested for chorioamnionitis using the Chorioquick test. Samples were repeated at decision to deliver. The test was considered positive if at least the indicator 'IL-6 low' of the three Chorioquick biomarkers (low, medium, high) was positive, or negative if none of the biomarkers were positive. Chorioamnionitis was histologically confirmed post-delivery using three tissue samples. Primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. RESULTS: Of 73 women, on histological confirmation, 39 were true positive and 29 were true negative (for chorioamnionitis) to the Chorioquick test at repeat assessment. Overall, the Chorioquick test had a sensitivity of 97.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85.3-99.9), specificity 87.9% (70.9-96.0), and accuracy 93.2% (79.5-99.1). Sub-group analysis of women <37 weeks of pregnancy showed a sensitivity of 100.0% (95% CI 83.4-100.0), specificity of 91.3% (70.5-98.5), and accuracy of 95.8% (82.5-99.5). Triple positive samples were 100.0% specific in all gestations. CONCLUSION: Chorioquick showed favorable utility for detecting chorioamnionitis in PROM and could be a reliable, non-invasive rapid tool in a real-world clinical setting.

Prostate-specific antigen density values among patients with symptomatic prostatic enlargement in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to estimate the prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) cutoff level for detecting prostate cancer (CAP) in Nigerian men with "grey zone PSA" (4-10 ng/ml) and normal digital rectal examination findings. We addressed this research question: Is the international PSAD cutoff of 0.15 ideal for detecting CAP in our symptomatic patients with "grey zone PSA?" AIM: To estimate the prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) cutoff level for detecting CAP in Nigerian men with "grey zone PSA" (4-10 ng/ml) and normal digital rectal examination findings. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: A tertiary medical center in Enugu, Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and fifty-four men with either benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or CAP were recruited. INTERVENTION: Patients with PSA above 4 ng/ml or abnormal digital rectal examination or hypoechoic lesion in the prostate were biopsied. OUTCOME MEASURES: PSAD and histology report of BPH or CAP. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients had CAP while 157 had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Seventy-two patients had their serum PSA value within the range of 4.0 and 10 ng/ml. PSAD cutoff level to detect CAP was 0.04 (sensitivity 95.88 %; specificity 28.7 %). CONCLUSIONS: The PSAD cutoff level generated for Nigerian men in this study is 0.04 which is relatively different from international consensus. This PSAD cutoff level has a positive correlation with histology and could detect patients with CAP who have "grey zone PSA."