ABSTRACT
We examined intraocular pressures of patients with strabismus whose eyes were instilled with corticosteroid eyedrops after a strabismus operation. Group A consisted of 11 children under 10 years of age whose eyes were instilled with 0.1% dexamethasone; Group B consisted of nine patients 10 years old or older whose eyes were instilled with 0.1% dexamethasone; and Group C consisted of 13 children under 10 years of age whose eyes were instilled with 0.1% fluorometholone. In Group A, four patients had intraocular pressures greater than 30 mm Hg, five had intraocular pressures from 21 to 30 mm Hg, and two had intraocular pressures under 21 mm Hg one or two weeks postoperatively. The intraocular pressure decreased to less than 21 mm Hg one week after discontinuation of dexamethasone treatment in all nine patients. No patients in Groups B or C had intraocular pressures greater than 20 mm Hg. Our results suggest that marked ocular hypertensive response to 0.1% dexamethasone treatment occurs frequently in children under 10 years of age.
Subject(s)
Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Strabismus/surgery , Administration, Topical , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Endophthalmitis/prevention & control , Humans , Middle Aged , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Strabismus/drug therapyABSTRACT
Sisters with congenital vertical nystagmus are described in this report. In these 2 cases, the nystagmus on the electronystagmogram (ENG) showed a pure pendular pattern on forward gaze. Neurological examinations revealed no abnormality except for the nystagmus and visual disturbance. In the elder sister, the ENG showed that the intensity of the nystagmus decreased during eye closure and that there was no response to vertical optokinetic stimulation. We believe that the elder sister is the first case of congenital vertical pendular nystagmus confirmed by neuro-otological and neuro-ophthalmological examinations.
Subject(s)
Nystagmus, Pathologic/congenital , Child , Child, Preschool , Electronystagmography , Female , Humans , Nystagmus, Pathologic/genetics , Nystagmus, Pathologic/physiopathology , Nystagmus, Physiologic , Pedigree , Pursuit, Smooth , Visual AcuitySubject(s)
Amblyopia/physiopathology , Eye/physiopathology , Fixation, Ocular , Flicker Fusion , Visual Acuity , Humans , Retina/physiopathologySubject(s)
Amblyopia/physiopathology , Fixation, Ocular , Flicker Fusion , Vision, Ocular , Adult , HumansSubject(s)
Depth Perception , Eye Movements , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Ophthalmoscopy , Strabismus/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The retinal sensitivity and the spatial summation function in the foveal and parafoveal regions of unilaterally amblyopic patients with eccentric fixation were studied psychophysically by means of a refined fundus perimeter; the device made possible continuous and simultaneous monitoring of the subject's fundus, fixation behavior and location of the stimulus on the retina, and enabled us to obtain selectively reliable data. In 9 out of 10 amblyopic eyes, the retinal sensitivity was the highest at the subject's eccentric fixation locus, demonstrating central relative scotoma. In the fovea of amblyopic eyes, the spatial summation curve showed an abnormal gradient when tested with small stimuli, suggesting an enlarged spatial summation area at the amblyopic fovea. On the other hand, the spatial summation curve at the eccentric fixation locus was comparable to that at the corresponding eccentric locus of the nonamblyopic fellow eye, suggesting the spatial summation function at the peripheral retina was normal in the amblyopic eye.
Subject(s)
Amblyopia/physiopathology , Retina/physiopathology , Space Perception/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Amblyopia/complications , Child , Child, Preschool , Differential Threshold , Female , Fixation, Ocular , Fovea Centralis/physiopathology , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Male , Photic Stimulation , Scotoma/complicationsSubject(s)
Fixation, Ocular , Strabismus/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Esotropia/physiopathology , Exotropia/physiopathology , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Male , Retina/physiopathology , TelevisionABSTRACT
To investigate quantitatively the visual disturbance in cases of degeneratio pigmentosa retinae, the effect of the visual field size on length perception was studied. In the experiment, 3 patients were asked to compare the length of two lines presented on the screen for 5 seconds under monocular and free viewing conditions. The difference threshold value for stimulus length was estimated by the descending method of limit. Three normal subjects participated in this experiment under two conditions; one was the free viewing condition mentioned above and the other was a limited visual field condition. In the latter case, subjects viewed through a pinhole on the Lo-Vac contact lens. With this contact lens, they had almost the same visual field size and visual acuity as the patients. In these cases, subjects could move the eye and head freely. The results suggested that accurate length comparison is possible only when the lines are perceived simultaneously.
Subject(s)
Retinal Degeneration/physiopathology , Space Perception , Visual Fields , Adult , Contact Lenses , Eye Movements , Humans , Middle Aged , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Vision Tests/methodsSubject(s)
Strabismus/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Infrared Rays , Male , OphthalmoscopySubject(s)
Anesthesia, General , Eye Movements , Strabismus/physiopathology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
The position of eyes under general anesthesia was measured in different groups of nonparalytic strabismus. Almost all patients with esotropia or hyperactive inferior oblique muscle showed divergent eye positions while patients with exotropia showed no consistent trend. The eye position of patients with lid ptosis without squint, which served as a control group, were divergent in all cases. Electromyographic observation of the medial rectus muscle under the same condition of anesthesia revealed that muscle discharge disappeared almost completely at the stage at which the eyes were in a well-stabilized position.
