ABSTRACT
We have developed a method to overcome sequencing problems caused by the presence of homopolymer stretches, such as polyA/T, in cDNA libraries. PolyA tails are shortened by cleaving before cDNA cloning with type IIS restriction enzymes, such as GsuI, placed next to the oligo-dT used to prime the polyA tails of mRNAs. We constructed four rice Cap-Trapper-selected, full-length normalized cDNA libraries, of which the average residual polyA tail was 4 bases or shorter in most of the clones analyzed Because of the removal of homopolymeric stretches, libraries prepared with this method can be used for direct sequencing and transcriptional sequencing without the slippage observed for libraries prepared with currently available methods, thus improving sequencing accuracy, operations, and throughput.
Subject(s)
DNA, Complementary/chemistry , Gene Library , Poly A/chemistry , Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods , Animals , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , TransfectionABSTRACT
To evaluate an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), an established precursor of gastric cancer, we performed a cross-sectional study using IgG antibody against H. pylori and pepsinogens of blood donors in four prefectures in Japan. Although a geographic correlation between the age-adjusted prevalence rates for H. pylori infection and those for CAG was not seen, the age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) of H. pylori infection for CAG were high in each area (around five for men and from four to 12.6 for women). The association between them weakened with advancing age; the ORs in the youngest age group (16-29 yrs) and in the oldest age group (50-64 yrs) were 12.5 and 2.8 for men, and 11.5 and 5.2 for women, respectively. These findings suggest that H. pylori infection is strongly associated with CAG, while there are some other factors interacting in the development of CAG. A prospective cohort study in which CAG and H. pylori infection are taken into account will be necessary to assess the risks of gastric cancer.
Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Gastritis, Atrophic/epidemiology , Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology , Helicobacter pylori , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Gastritis, Atrophic/blood , Helicobacter pylori/immunology , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Pepsinogens/blood , Prevalence , Stomach Neoplasms/mortalityABSTRACT
To verify the hypothesis that chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a precancerous lesion for gastric cancer, we investigated the correlation between the prevalence rates for CAG determined by levels of serum pepsinogens (I and II) of randomly selected, healthy, blood donors and the mortality rates for gastric cancer among four prefectures (Akita, Iwate, Miyagi, and Okinawa) in Japan. The prevalence rates for CAG according to a criterion that the level of pepsinogen I is below 70 ng/ml and the pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II ratio is below 3.0, were the highest in Akita for both sexes (38.8 percent in males, 37.8 percent in females) and the lowest in Okinawa (13.9 percent in males, 12.3 percent in females), where mortality rates for gastric cancer are the highest and the lowest in Japan, respectively. The correlation between the prevalence rates for CAG and the standardized mortality ratios for gastric cancer among these four prefectures was statistically significant in males (r = 0.97, P = 0.03), but less significant in females (r = 0.92, P = 0.08). These data strongly support the hypothesis that CAG is a precancerous lesion. The limitations of our cross-sectional study and the advantages of measuring the levels of serum pepsinogens in epidemiologic studies and in mass-screening programs for gastric cancer are discussed.
Subject(s)
Gastritis, Atrophic/epidemiology , Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Gastritis, Atrophic/blood , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Pepsinogens/blood , Precancerous Conditions/blood , Precancerous Conditions/epidemiology , Prevalence , Stomach Neoplasms/bloodABSTRACT
The following are the clinical results of amoxicillin used for 21 cases of purulent dermatoses. Amoxicillin was remarkably effective in 5 of total 21 cases, effective in 12, slightly effective in 2 and non-effective in 2; that is, amoxicillin produced good results. One case each of drug eruption and abdominal distention were observed as side effects. Judging from its level in the blood, amoxicillin is expected to exhibit good therapeutical effect at a daily dose of 750 approximately 1,000 mg. Amoxicillin can be considered to be an effective drug for purulent dermatoses without severe side effect.
