ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study proposes a method to analyze surgical performance by modeling, aligning, and comparing surgical processes. This method is intended to serve as a means to support the enhancement of surgical skills for endoscopic sinus surgeries (ESSs). We focus on surgical navigation systems used in image-guided ESSs and aim to construct a comparative analysis method for surgical processes based on the information about the surgical instruments motion obtained from the navigation system. METHODS: The proposed method consists of the following three parts: quantification of surgical features, modeling of surgical processes, and alignment and comparison of surgical process models (SPMs). First, we defined time-series parameters using the navigation-based surgical data. Second, we created SPMs by applying the defined parameters and the relative positional information of the instruments to the patient's anatomy. Third, we constructed a method to align and compare SPMs based on dynamic time warping with barycenter averaging. RESULTS: The proposed method was validated on a dataset containing surgical data obtained by an optical tracking system from 14 clinical ESS cases. We evaluated the validity of the comparative analysis by aligning and comparing SPMs between experts and residents. The validation results suggested that the proposed method could achieve proper alignment of the SPMs and clarify the differences in surgical processes between experts and residents. CONCLUSION: We developed a method to enable a time-series comparative analysis of surgical processes based on the surgical data from the navigation system. This method can allow surgeons to identify differences between their procedures and reference procedures such as experts' procedures.
