ABSTRACT
The effects of maternal melatonin on fetal and neonatal melatonin and dopamine D1 receptor systems in the central nervous system, mainly in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), were investigated after pinealectomy of rats at day 7 of pregnancy. 125I-labelled iodomelatonin injected intravenously into the pregnant rats (at day 21) was transferred in considerable amount into the fetal circulation. In vitro autoradiography data demonstrated an increase in the melatonin binding activity in the fetal (embryonic day 21) and early postnatal SCN (postnatal day 3) caused by maternal pinealectomy. This upregulation of the melatonin receptor in the SCN was then normalized after the melatonin system of the neonate started to work. The pregnant rats themselves did not show such a change in their melatonin receptors in the SCN following pinealectomy. Dopamine D1 receptor binding was affected by pinealectomy exclusively in the SCN of fetal and neonatal rats as well as in that of mothers. These results clearly indicate that the fetal circadian clock in the SCN is controlled and prepared before birth to some extent by maternal melatonin rhythm.
Subject(s)
Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Melatonin/blood , Pineal Gland/surgery , Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism , Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism , Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism , Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Autoradiography , Benzazepines/analogs & derivatives , Benzazepines/metabolism , Biological Transport , Blood Circulation , Circadian Rhythm , Corpus Striatum/metabolism , Dopamine Antagonists/metabolism , Embryo, Mammalian/blood supply , Female , Melatonin/metabolism , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism , Pituitary Gland/metabolism , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Melatonin , Substantia Nigra/metabolismABSTRACT
A rare case of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) following a subtotal thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer in a 58-year-old woman is reported herein. Five days after her thyroidectomy, the patient complained of having had a reduction in visual acuity and visual field loss of the superior nasal side in her right eye since the operation. BRAO was diagnosed following the discovery by funduscopy of inferotemporal branch artery occlusion with retinal edema, hemorrhage, and periarterial sheathing in the right eye. Despite immediately puncturing the anterior camera and massaging the eyeball while administering intravenous anticoagulant therapy, the visual field disturbance remained unchanged. The most common causative factor of postoperative sudden BRAO is reported to be emboli. However, in our case, the most likely cause was the stretching and pressure exerted on the carotid artery with consequent atheromatous plaque formation at the time of thyroidectomy.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Retinal Artery Occlusion/etiology , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroidectomy/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Retinal Artery Occlusion/diagnosisABSTRACT
The administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in CAPD patients is usually done subcutaneously. Only a few authors have reported on its intraperitoneal (IP) administration. We compared the effect of IP administration of rHuEPO in CAPD patients to that of intravenous (IV) administration. Ten anemic CAPD patients injected rHuEPO into their dialysis bag once a day, 3 times a week, for 18 weeks. The initial dose was 12,000 U. The dwell time of the exchanges with rHuEPO was about 6 hours. Nine other anemic CAPD patients were treated with IV rHuEPO once a week for 18 weeks. The initial dose was 6000 U. In the IP group the hematocrit rose from 24.04 +/- 2.7% to 33.3 +/- 3.8% (mean +/- SD). In the IV group 2 patients were excluded from the efficiency evaluation. In 7 of the 9 patients in the IV group, the hematocrit rose from 23.27 +/- 2.6% to 32 +/- 5.5% (mean +/- SD). The intraperitoneal administration of rHuEPO in CAPD patients is sufficient in improving anemia, although it requires a much larger dosage to yield the same level of improvement as the one obtained with the intravenous administration. However, in patients on continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis or IP dialysis, a smaller dosage during the prolonged dwell time may be effective.
Subject(s)
Anemia/drug therapy , Erythropoietin/administration & dosage , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory , Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage , Anemia/etiology , Dialysis Solutions , Erythropoietin/therapeutic use , Female , Hematocrit , Humans , Infusions, Parenteral , Injections, Intravenous , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A 64-year-old man with an early carcinoma of the remnant stomach that developed from a gastritis cystica polyposa (GCP) is presented, and the morphology and histogenesis of this rare condition are discussed. This patient had a Billroth II reconstructed remnant stomach for 25 years, and was referred to our attention because of cholecystocholedocholithiasis. In screening an upper gastrointestinal barium study and an endoscopy revealed an irregular-shaped, flat, polypoid tumor in a stoma of the posterior wall. The resected polypoid lesion measured 4.5 x 3.0 cm. A histological examination revealed it to be a well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the mucosal layer that had developed from a GCP.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Gastrectomy , Gastritis, Hypertrophic/pathology , Gastritis/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Anastomosis, Surgical , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polyps/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/etiology , Stomach Ulcer/surgeryABSTRACT
IgD multiple myeloma is a unique type of multiple myeloma which is characterized by increased serum IgD and IgD type M-component in immunoelectrophoresis. It frequently shows renal involvement but it is a rare form of myeloma. The distinctive features of IgD myeloma are the dominance in males, high frequency in younger persons, and the uncertain appearance of M-component in serum electrophoresis. We experienced 3 cases of IgD multiple myeloma with renal failure which required hemodialysis before IgD myeloma was diagnosed. It is important to consider IgD myeloma when treating the patients with renal involvement of unknown origin.
