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1.
J Equine Sci ; 35(2): 29-34, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38962514

ABSTRACT

Plasma or serum amino acids are used to evaluate nutritional status and metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to set reference values of serum amino acid concentrations in the Noma horse, a Japanese native horse. Thirty-one horses were classified into six age groups: neonatal foal (0-4 days), foal (0.5-1 years), youth (5 years), middle age (10 years), old (15 years), and extra-old (>20 years). Horses >5 years of age were analyzed together as the adult group. In the adult horses, there were no significant differences among the serum amino acid concentrations of each age group. The foal group had higher concentrations of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, α-aminoadipic acid, and 3-methyl-histidine than the adult group. The neonatal foal group had higher serum concentrations of phenylalanine, lysine, alanine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, ß-alanine, and ß-amino-iso-butyric acid and lower tryptophan concentrations and Fischer's ratios than the adult group. The neonatal foal group had higher ß-amino-iso-butyric acid concentrations and lower tryptophan and 3-methyl-histidine concentrations than the foal group. Therefore, reference values might be set separately in neonatal foals, foals, and adult horses. The data for the serum amino acid concentrations can be used for health care through physiological and pathological evaluations in Noma horses.

2.
J Equine Sci ; 34(4): 121-125, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38274557

ABSTRACT

The necropsy of a 2-day-old Noma horse that died of weakness showed an enlarged cardiac base and a narrow cardiac apex, suggesting cardiac malformation. The excised heart underwent imaging to investigate its luminal structure. On three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging, the right atrium and right ventricle were discontinuous. The right atrium communicated with the left atrium and the left ventricle communicated with the right ventricle. The lumen narrowed near the pulmonary artery valve. Since the same findings were observed on gross examination, the foal was diagnosed with tricuspid atresia with ventricular and atrial septal defects, along with subvalvular pulmonic stenosis.

3.
J Equine Sci ; 33(2): 27-30, 2022 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35847483

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to analyze the relationships between the age and blood test results or body sizes in Noma horses by using the results of periodical health examination. Out of 45 hematological or physical items examined, statistically significant, but loose correlations were observed in 14 items. Red blood cell count, activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine kinase, concentrations of calcium and inorganic phosphorus decreased with aging. Conversely, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, lipase activity, γ-globulin and chloride concentrations, body height, chest circumference and cannon bone circumference increased with aging. The changes in a few items seemed unique to Noma horse. However, most age-related changes found in this study might be considered as a common trend in horse breeds rather than distinctive characteristic in Noma horse.

4.
Anat Histol Embryol ; 51(5): 624-632, 2022 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35851501

ABSTRACT

Noma horses have the smallest body size among native Japanese horses and are classified as pony breeds by their size. Additionally, the Japanese horse breeds are classified into a single lineage, which includes Mongolian horses. Great intraspecific differences reportedly exist in the head shapes of domesticated horses, which have been investigated in various horse breeds. The present study aimed to evaluate the size of the nasal conchal bullae, and the paranasal sinuses of Noma horses in relation to the skull dimensions using computed tomography. Reconstructed images of the heads of five adult Noma horses were used. Skull and paranasal sinus parameters were measured and analysed in relation to each other and were compared with the data in the literature on the skulls of various horse breeds. In comparison with pony breed, Shetland ponies and donkeys had a shorter nasal length than cranial length, while Noma horses had a longer nasal length than cranial length, similar to the larger breeds. In the nasal conchal bullae, Shetland ponies showed a negative correlation between the head and bullae size, while Noma horses, similar to larger breeds, had a positive correlation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Noma horses, despite having a body size that belongs to the pony breed, had a distinguishing ratio of the skull and paranasal sinuses similar to that of the larger breeds. Our results provide information on the physiological morphology of the head and comparative anatomy based on genetic diversity in horses.


Subject(s)
Horse Diseases , Noma , Paranasal Sinuses , Animals , Blister/veterinary , Equidae , Head/diagnostic imaging , Horses , Noma/veterinary , Paranasal Sinuses/anatomy & histology , Paranasal Sinuses/diagnostic imaging , Skull/diagnostic imaging
5.
J Equine Sci ; 32(1): 21-25, 2021 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33776537

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of seasons and sex on body size and hematological and biochemistry parameters of Noma horses, a native Japanese breed. Body size was larger in winter than in summer. Laboratory testing variables, including erythrocytic parameters and urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, and creatinine kinase levels, were higher in winter, while the eosinophil count was higher in summer. These seasonal differences may be related to increased energy consumption of horses due to heat stress. The higher eosinophil counts may have been related to the dermatitis observed in summer. Stallions tended to have smaller bodies compared with mares. Future studies are necessary to investigate the effect of stress in seasonal and sex-based groups.

6.
J Equine Sci ; 30(3): 69-73, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31592225

ABSTRACT

The Noma horse is a Japanese breed from the Noma region of Imabari City, Ehime Prefecture. To obtain reference hematological and biochemical values, we performed examinations in 39 clinically healthy, mature Noma horses managed at the Imabari public ranch. Hematological and biochemical results of Noma horses were close to the normal ranges of horses in the U.S.A. The erythrocyte parameters and hepatobiliary enzyme levels in Noma and Kiso horses were lower than those in Japanese racehorses. Noma horses showed higher erythrocyte parameters and triglyceride concentrations and a lower creatinine concentration compared with those in Kiso horses. These data represent the first report of reference values for Noma horses and may be useful to improve their management.

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