[Electron-microscopic analysis of cytoarchitectonic disorders in the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskii analiz tsitoarkhitektonicheskikh narushenii v kore golovnogo mozga pri shizofrenii.

Microscopy and electron microscopy were used to examine foci of neuronal loss in the 2nd-3rd layers of the prefrontal cortex of the autopsy brain from 8 schizophrenic patients and 8 controls without any mental pathology. No signs of gliosis were identified. Foci of neuronal loss showed multiple accumulations of the thin bundles of unmyelinated fibers not discovered in the control, dystrophic-changed astrocytes, swollen dendrites free of microtubules. The changes in synapses on dendritic spines and shafts in these areas of neuropile were discovered to be functional and dystrophic in nature.

[Possibilities for the histochemical study of the nuclei of normal brain cells and in pathology]. / Vozmozhnosti gistokhimicheskogo issledovaniia iader kletok golovnogo mozga v norme i pri patologii.

Possibilities of application of some histochemical methods to studying cell nuclei of brain are reviewed considering the following techniques: hybridization histochemistry on the light and electron microscope levels, immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy, absorbtion and fluorescence histochemistry of nucleic acids, histones, non-histone proteins of chromatin, and of cell nucleus lipids, electron histochemistry. Besides, some physicochemical and molecular-biological methods are considered. Data on human brain research in the norm and upon various brain disorders are particularly provided.

[Ultrastructure of neurons with initial signs of ischemization in schizophrenia]. / Ul'trastruktura neironov s nachal'nymi proiavleniiami ishimizatsii pri shizofrenii.

The authors studied two cases of sudden death of schizophrenia patients aged 23 and 40 years who died from acute asphyxia. Two types of ultrastructural changes in their cortical neurons are described: gradual lightening of the cytoplasm and nuclei in some cells; cytoplasm lightening, perinuclear edema and increased nuclear density due to condensed chromatin in others. Cytoplasm lightening is explained by swelling of the cysterns of the endoplasmatic reticulum and loss of polysomes. The first type of changes was characteristic of cortical pyramidal neurons; the second, of cortical interneurons. The described types of neuronal changes were combined with the appearance of hyperchromic and shrunk neurons whose formation is believed to be related to the schizophrenic process. The probable reversibility of neuronal alterations in acute asphyxia is discussed.

[Ultrastructural analysis of the phenomenon of acute neuronal swelling]. / Ul'trastrukturnyi analiz fenomena ostrogo nabukhaniia neirona.

WAG rats were exposed to hyperthermia. Neurons manifested acute swelling in all portions of the brain. At the ultrastructural level these phenomena were characterized by an increase in the size of the bodies and nuclei of neurons, complete dissociation of polysomes, swelling of some cisterns of the endoplasmatic reticulum and perinuclear space, and destruction of the mitochondria of apical processes. Hyperchromic (dark) cells were found to be more resistant to acute swelling. The question is discussed whether this pathology of neural cells is reversible. The role of this pathology in the neuropathology of febrile schizophrenia is considered.

[Lymphocytes in the human brain]. / Limfotsity v golovnom mozge cheloveka.

There are different concepts of the role of lymphocytes in the brain of schizophrenics available in the literature (they are considered as manifestations of encephalitis or as an allergic reaction, etc.). Autopsy of 350 schizophrenics and 16 mentally healthy subjects who died at the age of 15 to 87 years revealed the constant (nearly in 90 percent of the cases) presence of sparse segmentary clusters of small lymphocytes in the adventitial vessels in the medulla oblongata irrespective of the death causes. The biological role of lymphocytes in the brain is discussed, particularly, in terms of immunologic tolerance manifestations.

[Developmental status and prospects of the pathological anatomy of mental diseases]. / Sostoianie i perspektivy patologicheskoi anatomii psikhicheskikh boleznei.

A brief history of the development of the history of pathological anatomy of mental diseases in the country is given. The current stage is characterized, its features being due to development and introduction into practice of new methods of brain research (electron microscopy, histo-cytochemistry, luminescent microscopy, histoautoradiography, studies in tissue culture, ect). The main approaches and achievements of the national and foreign science in pathological anatomy of psychoses are outlined. The status of the pathological service in psychiatric hospitals of the country is analysed. The prospects of development are enumerated combing the clinico-anatomical analysis of the necropsy material and wide use of experimental research in modeling pathological processes in the brain.