ABSTRACT
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) has a crucial role in lacunar stroke and brain hemorrhages and is a leading cause of cognitive decline and functional loss in elderly patients. Based on underlying pathophysiology, cSVD can be subdivided into amyloidal and non-amyloidal subtypes. Genetic factors of cSVD play a pivotal role in terms of unraveling molecular mechanism. An important pathophysiological mechanism of cSVD is blood-brain barrier leakage and endothelium dysfunction which gives a clue in identification of the disease through circulating biological markers. Detection of cSVD is routinely carried out by key neuroimaging markers including white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, small subcortical infarcts, perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy. Application of neural networking, machine learning and deep learning in image processing have increased significantly for correct severity of cSVD. A linkage between cSVD and other neurological disorder, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and non-cerebral disease, has also been investigated recently. This review draws a broad picture of cSVD, aiming to inculcate new insights into its pathogenesis and biomarkers. It also focuses on the role of deep machine strategies and other dimensions of cSVD by linking it with several cerebral and non-cerebral diseases as well as recent advances in the field to achieve sensitive detection, effective prevention and disease management.
ABSTRACT
In patients with stroke, atrial fibrillation is an independent risk factor and indicates a poor prognosis. Cardiac monitoring is carried out for longer periods in stroke units. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency at which atrial fibrillation is detected in stroke units and the percentage of patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who receive anticoagulant therapy. The study included 465 patients, who were monitored in a stroke unit for an average of 54.55+/-35.74 h. Atrial fibrillation was detected in 33 (48.5% had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 51.5% had persistent atrial fibrillation). The most common risk factor was hypertension. Anticoagulation therapy was started in 57.5%. In conclusion, use of cardiac monitoring in a stroke unit was useful for detecting atrial fibrillation in patients with acute stroke and resulted in treatment modification in more than half the affected patients.
Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Brain Ischemia/complications , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Stroke/therapy , Acute Disease , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Stroke/complicationsABSTRACT
La fibrilación auricular (FA) es un factor de riesgo independiente y predictor de mal pronóstico en el ictus. La unidad de ictus (UI) prolonga la monitorización cardiaca. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de FA detectada en la UI y el porcentaje de pacientes con ictus isquémico o accidente isquémico transitorio a quienes se dió tratamiento anticoagulante. Se incluyó a 465 pacientes monitorizados en la UI durante una media de 54,55 ± 35,74 h. Se detectó FA en 33 (el 48,5%, FA paroxística y el 51,5%, FA persistente). El factor de riesgo más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial. Se inició tratamiento anticoagulante en el 57,5%. Concluimos que la monitorización en la UI es útil para la detección de FA en el ictus agudo y modifica el tratamiento en más de la mitad de los pacientes afectados (AU)
In patients with stroke, atrial fibrillation is an independent risk factor and indicates a poor prognosis. Cardiac monitoring is carried out for longer periods in stroke units. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency at which atrial fibrillation is detected in stroke units and the percentage of patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who receive anticoagulant therapy. The study included 465 patients, who were monitored in a stroke unit for an average of 54.55 (35.74) h. Atrial fibrillation was detected in 33 (48.5% had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 51.5% had persistent atrial fibrillation). The most common risk factor was hypertension. Anticoagulation therapy was started in 57.5%. In conclusion, use of cardiac monitoring in a stroke unit was useful for detecting atrial fibrillation in patients with acute stroke and resulted in treatment modification in more than half the affected patients (AU)
