ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to estimate the acaricide susceptibility of Varroa destructor populations from Uruguay, which had never been exposed to synthetic acaricides. It was also to determine whether acaricide resistance to coumaphos occurred in apiaries in which acaricide rotation had been applied. Bioassays with acaricides against mite populations that had never been exposed to synthetic acaricides were performed, also against mite populations in which control failures with coumaphos had been reported. Additionally, coumaphos' effectiveness in honeybee colonies was experimentally tested. The lethal concentration that kills 50% of the exposed animals (LC(50)) for susceptible mite populations amounted to 0.15 µg/Petri dish for coumaphos and to less than 0.3 µg/Petri dish for the other acaricides. Coumaphos LC(50) was above 40 µg/Petri dish for resistant mites. The effectiveness of coumaphos in honeybee colonies parasitized by V. destructor ranged from 17.6% to 93.9%. LC(50) for mite populations susceptible to the most commonly applied miticides was determined, and the first case of coumaphos resistance recorded in Uruguay was established.
Subject(s)
Acaricides/pharmacology , Drug Resistance , Varroidae/drug effects , Animals , Bees/parasitology , Coumaphos/pharmacology , Survival Analysis , UruguayABSTRACT
El propósito de este trabajo ha sido identificar la presencia de mitos sexuales entre los adolescentes, así como determinar el grado de culpabilidad sexual que éstos experimentan de acuerdo a distintos criterios sociodemográficos, comportamentales y cognitivos. Una muestra de 174 estudiantes con edades entre 14 y 17 años completó la Batería Exploratoria de Sexualidad (BES-III. Actitudes), la escala de culpabilidad sexual del In-ventario de Culpabilidad Revisado de Mosher (RMGI), el Inventario de Actitudes Negativas hacia la Masturbación (NAMI), el Cuestionario de Fantasías Sexuales (SFQ) y la Encuesta de Opinión Sexual (SOS). Se encontró que la presencia de determinados mitos sexuales estaba asociada al sexo del individuo y al tamaño de la población de residencia. Las actitudes negativas hacia la masturbación y la abstinencia de su práctica, el sexo no convencional y las fantasías sexuales exploratorias se mostraron vinculadas a una mayor culpabilidad sexual; sin embargo, la práctica masturbatoria, mantener relaciones sexuales con una sola pareja, las actitudes erotofílicas y las fantasías íntimas revelaron menor culpabilidad sexual. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados sobre la necesidad de educación sexual en los adolescentes, así como el papel coercitivo que algunos dispositivos sociales parecen ejercer sobre el tema
The aim of this study has been to identify the presence of sexual myths among adolescents, as well as to determine the level of sex guilt they experience according to many sociodemographic, behavioral and cognitive criterias. A sample of 174 students with age ranging from 14 to 17 years completed the Exploratory Battery of Sexuality (BES-III. Atti-tudes), sex guilt scale taken from the Mosher Guilt Inventory-Revised (RMGI), the Negative Attitudes toward Masturbation Inventory (NAMI), the Sex Fantasy Questionnaire (SFQ), and the Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS). It was found that the presence of certain sexual myths was related to the individuals sex and to population size by place of residence. Negative attitudes toward masturbation and masturbatory abstinence, unconventional sex, and exploratory sexual fantasies were shown linked to a higher sex guilt; however, practicing masturbation, having sex with a single partner, erotophilic attitudes, and intimate fantasies revealed lower sex guilt. Implications of these results are discussed in relation to the necessity of sex education for teenagers, also the coercive role that some social devices seem to play on this topic
