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1.
JDR Clin Trans Res ; 7(3): 307-314, 2022 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35533247

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: In April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency owing to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which resulted in reduced workforce and job losses. Furthermore, income is one of the most consistent predictors of dental visits. Therefore, this study examined the association between income changes and dental clinic visits during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Japan. METHODS: An online, self-reported cross-sectional survey about health activities including dental visits during the first COVID-19 state of emergency was conducted in Osaka, Japan (June 23 to July 12, 2020). Among participants with toothaches, the assessment for the association between "refrained from visiting a dentist despite wanting treatment for toothache during the state of emergency (refrained treatment)" and income changes before and after the state of emergency using a multivariate Poisson regression model adjusted for sex, age, self-rated health, frequency of regular dental visits, and employment status. RESULTS: Among 27,575 participants, 3,895 (14.1%) had toothaches, and 1,906 (6.9%) reported refrained treatment. Among people with decreased income (n = 8,152, 29.6% of overall participants), the proportions of the refrained treatment group were 8.0% (income decreased by 1%-49%), 9.9% (50%-99% decreased), and 9.1% (100% decreased). Among participants with toothache, after adjusting for all variables, compared with participants with no income change, we observed significantly higher prevalence ratios (PRs) for refrained treatment in those who experienced a decreased income owing to COVID-19 (1%-49% decrease: PR = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-1.17; 50%-99% decrease: PR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06-1.32; 100% decrease: PR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.33). CONCLUSION: Decreased income was associated with refrained dental treatment during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Osaka, Japan. The economic damage related to the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to oral health inequalities. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: Our study found that individuals with decreased income owing to COVID-19 before and after the state of emergency showed significantly higher prevalence ratios for refraining from visiting a dentist despite wanting treatment for toothache. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution because it provides novel, basic data that economic damages related to the COVID-19 pandemic might expand to oral health inequalities.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Toothache , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Income , Pandemics , Toothache/epidemiology
2.
Gene Ther ; 22(7): 553-9, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25809465

ABSTRACT

The present study assessed the ability of optogenetics techniques to provide a better understanding of the control of insulin secretion, particularly regarding pancreatic ß-cell function in homeostasis and pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM). We used optogenetics to investigate whether insulin secretion and blood glucose homeostasis could be controlled by regulating intracellular calcium ion concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) in a mouse pancreatic ß-cell line (MIN6) transfected with the optogenetic protein channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). The ChR2-transfected MIN6 (ChR2-MIN6) cells secreted insulin following irradiation with a laser (470 nm). The increase in [Ca(2+)]i was accompanied by elevated levels of messenger RNAs that encode calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta and adenylate cyclase 1. ChR2-MIN6 cells suspended in matrigel were inoculated into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice that were then subjected to a glucose tolerance test. Laser irradiation of these mice caused a significant decrease in blood glucose, and the irradiated implanted cells expressed insulin. These findings demonstrate the power of optogenetics to precisely and efficiently controlled insulin secretion by pancreatic ß-cells 'on demand', in contrast to techniques using growth factors or chemical inducers. Optogenetic technology shows great promise for understanding the mechanisms of glucose homeostasis and for developing treatments for metabolic diseases such as DM.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/radiotherapy , Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism , Insulin/metabolism , Low-Level Light Therapy , Optogenetics , Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Channelrhodopsins , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Insulin Secretion , Insulin-Secreting Cells/radiation effects , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Mice , Streptozocin
3.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24110061

ABSTRACT

In vivo measurement of time-resolved diffuse optical tomography (TR-DOT) were performed for human forearms under the exercises. The DOT images of oxygenation state were reconstructed, and the activities of the inner muscles were assessed.


Subject(s)
Forearm/physiology , Exercise , Forearm/blood supply , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Myoglobin/metabolism , Oxyhemoglobins/metabolism , Tomography, Optical/methods
4.
Med Biol Eng Comput ; 50(1): 69-78, 2012 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21499803

ABSTRACT

A method to reduce noise for time-domain diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is proposed. Poisson noise which contaminates time-resolved photon counting data is reduced by use of maximum a posteriori estimation. The noise-free data are modeled as a Markov random process, and the measured time-resolved data are assumed as Poisson distributed random variables. The posterior probability of the occurrence of the noise-free data is formulated. By maximizing the probability, the noise-free data are estimated, and the Poisson noise is reduced as a result. The performances of the Poisson noise reduction are demonstrated in some experiments of the image reconstruction of time-domain DOT. In simulations, the proposed method reduces the relative error between the noise-free and noisy data to about one thirtieth, and the reconstructed DOT image was smoothed by the proposed noise reduction. The variance of the reconstructed absorption coefficients decreased by 22% in a phantom experiment. The quality of DOT, which can be applied to breast cancer screening etc., is improved by the proposed noise reduction.


Subject(s)
Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Tomography, Optical/methods , Humans , Markov Chains , Phantoms, Imaging , Poisson Distribution
5.
J Neurol ; 255(6): 803-6, 2008 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18484239

ABSTRACT

Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a neurodegenerative disorder first described among French Canadians in Quebec. To date, 24 mutations have been reported in the SACS gene of ARSACS patients. The authors report a clinical and genetic analysis of a Japanese family with ARSACS with novel compound heterozygous mutations in the SACS gene (N161fsX175, L802P). The phenotype is similar to that of previously reported ARSACS patients.


Subject(s)
Cerebellar Ataxia/genetics , Chromosome Disorders/genetics , Genes, Recessive/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Atrophy/genetics , Atrophy/pathology , Atrophy/physiopathology , Base Sequence/genetics , Cerebellar Ataxia/pathology , Cerebellar Ataxia/physiopathology , Cerebellum/pathology , Cerebellum/physiopathology , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics , DNA Mutational Analysis , Exons/genetics , Genetic Markers/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/ethnology , Heterozygote , Humans , Japan , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle Spasticity/genetics , Muscle Spasticity/pathology , Muscle Spasticity/physiopathology , Pedigree , Phenotype , Spinal Cord/pathology , Spinal Cord/physiopathology
7.
Med Biol Eng Comput ; 43(5): 630-7, 2005 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16411636

ABSTRACT

A noise reduction method for magnetoencephalography (MEG) data is proposed. The method is a combination of Kalman filtering and factor analysis. A state-space model for a Kalman filter was constructed using the forward problem in MEG measurement. Factor analysis provide estimations of noise covariances required by the Kalman filter to eliminate independent additive sensor noise. The proposed method supports independent component analysis (ICA), which is difficult to use in MEG analysis owing to the sensor noise. Numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed method. In a single dipole case where the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was -10 dB, approximately equivalent to raw MEG data, noise-free signals were successfully estimated from noisy data; a 0.02 s delay of the peak latency and 15-40% of attenuation of the peak amplitude were observed. Moreover, in a multiple dipole case, independent components preprocessed with the proposed method had high correlation, 0.88 at the lowest, with correlation of 0.69 and 0.52 for those preprocessed with conventional bandpass filters. The results show that the noise reduction method reduces sensor noise effectively. High SNR-independent components are obtained by the proposed method. Real MEG data analysis was also demonstrated. The proposed method extracted auditory evoked responses from unaveraged single-trial data.


Subject(s)
Magnetoencephalography/methods , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Algorithms , Electricity , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Humans
8.
Pediatr Int ; 42(5): 464-9, 2000 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11059532

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The goals of the present study were to develop a predictive coronary risk scoring system after intravenous gamma-globulin (IVGG) therapy of any dose for the different preparations currently used in the treatment of children with Kawasaki disease and to determine the predictive value of the system. The previously reported scoring systems were based on treatment with high-dose IVGG therapy at limited doses and were determined using investigative methods. METHODS: Four hundred and fifty-one patients were randomized into one of three groups and received either i.v. polyethylene glycol-treated human immunoglobulin at a dose of either 200 (n = 147) or 400 mg/kg per day (n = 152) or freeze-dried sulfonated human immunoglobulin at 200 mg/kg per day (n = 152) for 5 consecutive days. We documented 31 cases of coronary abnormalities (CA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed using 49 clinical variables and the resulting predictive model was validated. RESULTS: The duration of fever (odds (I day)/odds (- 5 days)= 0.158; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0385-0.648), hemoglobin (odds (Q1 = 10.3)/odds (Q3 = 11.6) = 3.97; 95% CI 1.92-8.20), IgG (odds (Q1 = 1,900)/odds (Q3=2,658)=2.72, 95% CI 1.18-6.25) and IgA (odds (Q1 =72)/odds (Q3= 160) = 0.415; 95% CI 0.253-0.680) levels after completion of gamma-globulin infusion were independent predictors. The model is quasi-cross validated and has acceptable sensitivity and selectivity. The estimated risk and observed occurrence of CA coincide. CONCLUSIONS: Determinants of the risk of CA after IVGG therapy are a longer duration of fever, a lower IgG level, a higher IgA level and a lower hemoglobin level after IVGG infusion. This model is applicable for IVGG doses from 1 to 2 g/kg and for at least two different gamma-globulin preparations.


Subject(s)
Coronary Disease/etiology , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/drug therapy , Child , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Logistic Models , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/immunology , Multivariate Analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Assessment
9.
Neurosci Lett ; 287(3): 175-8, 2000 Jun 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10863023

ABSTRACT

Quiver (Quv) is a non-sense mutation of neurofilament protein L subunit (NF-L) that causes neurofilament deficiency with preserved microtubules in Japanese quail. Anti-NF-M and anti-NF-H mAbs stained cell bodies of motor neurons in Quv embryo spinal cords much more intense than those in control spinal cords. Volume of motor neurons in Quv spinal cords increased to 2.3 times of control motor neurons. Immunoblot of Quv spinal cords revealed a relative increase in non- and hypo-phosphorylated NF-M and NF-H, and a decrease in the total amount of NFs. Quv sciatic nerves showed faintly reacted phosphorylated NF-M and NF-H. These results suggest that deficiency of assembled neurofilament results in decreased axonal transport of NFs and accumulation of NFs in cell bodies of spinal motor neurons.


Subject(s)
Coturnix/genetics , Motor Neurons/metabolism , Neurofilament Proteins/genetics , Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Axonal Transport/genetics , Chick Embryo , Disease Models, Animal , Immunoblotting , Motor Neuron Disease/genetics , Motor Neuron Disease/metabolism , Neurofilament Proteins/immunology , Phosphorylation
10.
Dent Mater J ; 19(3): 307-16, 2000 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11218850

ABSTRACT

Although titanium has been widely used in prosthetic appliances, such as cast removable partial denture frameworks, high quality castings are still difficult to obtain. This study proposes a new partition technique using a metal foil for improving castability of a two-chamber pressure casting unit. The metal foil was formed beforehand to bring it in contact with the mold crucible wall so that no clearance was left behind it. Using this formed foil, the mold cavity can be completely isolated from the upper chamber and can be maintained in a vacuum even after the rupture of the foil. Accordingly, a large casting force is generated very quickly, and as a result, castability is expected to be significantly improved. This expectation was confirmed by the experiments using wax patterns including thin plate and mesh plate.


Subject(s)
Dental Casting Technique/instrumentation , Titanium , Aluminum , Analysis of Variance , Pressure , Vacuum
11.
Dent Mater J ; 19(1): 10-21, 2000 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11219087

ABSTRACT

Cast plates were prepared from commercial titanium. The plates were polished with a slurry of fine ferric oxide powder. The surface composition and structure were investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the high pressure-polished surface, iron was non-uniformly distributed but oxygen was mostly uniformly distributed, while in a light pressure-polished surface, iron and oxygen were uniformly distributed though at lower and higher concentrations, respectively. EPMA state analysis and XPS suggested that the iron might exist as Fe2+ in the outermost surface, while it might be in a metallic state in the inner surface layer.


Subject(s)
Dental Polishing , Ferric Compounds/chemistry , Titanium/chemistry , Copper/analysis , Copper/chemistry , Dental Polishing/methods , Electron Probe Microanalysis , Ferric Compounds/analysis , Gold Alloys/analysis , Gold Alloys/chemistry , Humans , Iron/analysis , Iron/chemistry , Materials Testing , Oxygen/analysis , Oxygen/chemistry , Palladium/analysis , Palladium/chemistry , Powders , Pressure , Silver/analysis , Silver/chemistry , Solutions , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission , Surface Properties , Titanium/analysis
12.
Dent Mater J ; 15(2): 212-9, 1996 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9550020

ABSTRACT

The possibility of the segregation under solidification process using a centrifugal casting machine was investigated using an electron probe microanalyzer with elemental distribution map, line analysis and quantitative analysis. When a very small quantity of platinum was added to local molten titanium during the casting process, macroscopic segregation was observed under conditions of density difference of 0.1 g/cm3 at the most, confirming that the centrifugal force of the casting machine is extremely strong. When a Ti-6Al-4V alloy was cast, however, no macroscopic segregation was observed. The centrifugal force of the casting machine examined in the present study hardly results in the body-force segregation in this titanium alloy.


Subject(s)
Dental Alloys/chemistry , Dental Casting Technique/instrumentation , Titanium/chemistry , Alloys , Aluminum/chemistry , Centrifugation , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Electron Probe Microanalysis , Metallurgy , Platinum/chemistry
13.
Dent Mater J ; 15(1): 11-21, 1996 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8940534

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the contamination of abraded Ti surfaces. Using a polishing machine, specimens were abraded with waterproof SiC grit papers under water cooling. The abraded surfaces were examined using element analysis, X-ray diffraction, and hardness tests. Contaminant deposits with dimensions reaching about 30 microns were observed throughout the surface. In these deposits, Ti was apparently reduced by about 10% and replaced by Si and O. The chemical bond state of the Si was similar to that of SiC or a titanium silicide. The O was solute in Ti, which increased the surface hardness. The contaminant deposits were amorphous or very thin. The contamination of Ti, the extent of which was related to hardness, resulted from a reaction with abrasives.


Subject(s)
Dental Polishing , Titanium/chemistry , Electron Probe Microanalysis , Equipment Contamination , Gold Alloys/chemistry , Hardness , Materials Testing , Metallurgy/methods , Oxides/chemistry , Oxygen/chemistry , Silicon/chemistry , Surface Properties , X-Ray Diffraction
15.
Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi ; 92(7): 1037-50, 1995 Jul.
Article in Japanese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7643458

ABSTRACT

Lactitol, a non-absorbable synthetic disaccharide, was administered at a dose of 36g/day for 3-4 weeks to 8 patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy in order to investigate its effects on fecal bacterial flora and clinical symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. Lactitol significantly increased occupation ratio (ratio to total bacterial number) of anaerobic Bifidobacterium (before administration 7.1% --> after 4 weeks 46.0% (p < 0.05) as well as bacterial count of Lactobacillus. On the other hand, bacterial counts of Bacteroides and Clostridium, which are considered to be NH3-producing bacteria, and that of total aerobic bacteria were not markedly changed, but their occupation ratio were decreased after the administration. Further, tendencies toward decreased fecal pH, increased frequency of defecation and soft stools were observed. As for clinical efficacy, a decrease in blood ammonia concentration, improvement in mental state and flapping tremor were also observed.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/drug effects , Feces/microbiology , Hepatic Encephalopathy/microbiology , Liver Cirrhosis/microbiology , Sugar Alcohols/pharmacology , Aged , Ammonia/blood , Female , Hepatic Encephalopathy/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
16.
Acta Paediatr Jpn ; 36(4): 347-54, 1994 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7524263

ABSTRACT

We studied the effect of intravenous, polyethyleneglycol-treated, human immunoglobulin, administered at 200 mg/kg per day (group A: n = 147; male 86, female 61; age < 1 year, 50) or 400 mg/kg per day (group B: n = 152; male 87, female 65; age < 1 year, 52) for five consecutive days and compared it with freeze-dried, sulfonated human immunoglobulin [group C: n = 152; male 87, female 65; age < 1 year, 51), administered at 200 mg/kg per day for five consecutive days, on the prevention of coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease. Echocardiograms were interpreted blindly and independently. Proportions of 87.1%, 95.4%, and 82.3% in groups A, B, and C, respectively, had no coronary artery abnormalities. The confidence limits of difference between the proportions of groups A and C, groups B and C, and groups B and A were -4.4% and 10.4%, 7.8% and 15.9%, and 4.0% and 10.8%, respectively. Duration of fever and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were correlated with the prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities. We concluded that intravenous, polyethyleneglycol-treated, human immunoglobulin and freeze-dried, sulfonated human immunoglobulin had clinically equivalent effects on coronary artery abnormalities, and that five daily doses of 400 mg/kg of intravenous, polyethyleneglycol-treated, human immunoglobulin is more effective than that of 200 mg/kg gamma globulin.


Subject(s)
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/therapy , gamma-Globulins/administration & dosage , Acute Disease , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Injections, Intravenous , Male
17.
Dent Mater J ; 12(2): 171-81, 1993 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8004911

ABSTRACT

The present study describes refractories which contribute to formation of skin holes of Ti casting. Plates consisting of quartz (Qu) and cristobalite (Cr) powders and Qu- and Cr-MgO mixtures were fired at high temperatures and used as phosphate-free molds. The cross-section of the castings was investigated using an optical microscope and an electron probe microanalyzer. Whereas the castings into the Qu molds were almost complete, those into the Cr molds were incomplete. The surface reaction zone of the Qu molds formed a typical layered structure with fewer skin holes. That of the latter extended deeply into the interior with a net-shaped Ti-Si phase, cracks, and holes. Addition of MgO to Cr effectively improved the castability and changed the reaction zone to the typical layered structure. However, slender holes occurred along the mold wall. The overall area around the holes was contaminated by Si and Mg. Probably, this resulted from a reaction of forsterite with Ti. The reactivity difference between Qu and Cr was not related to the fired strength of mold.


Subject(s)
Dental Casting Investment/chemistry , Dental Casting Technique , Titanium/chemistry , Electron Probe Microanalysis , Magnesium Oxide/chemistry , Porosity , Quartz/chemistry , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Surface Properties
18.
Jpn J Clin Oncol ; 22(3): 216-20, 1992 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1518172

ABSTRACT

The management of late metastases from renal cell carcinoma is often difficult because of multiple organ involvement. We report a case of multiple metastases from renal cell carcinoma in the duodenum, pancreas, intestine, falciform ligament and liver, 18 years after nephrectomy. The patient underwent a total pancreatectomy following a gastroduodenal arterial embolization to control duodenal bleeding, a resection of the ileum and falciform ligament at a second laparotomy and repeated hepatic arterial embolizations to control the growth of liver metastases. Aggressive treatment should be undertaken in cases of late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy because of the possibly slow-growing biological character of the tumor.


Subject(s)
Abdominal Neoplasms/secondary , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Nephrectomy , Abdominal Neoplasms/therapy , Aged , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Embolization, Therapeutic , Female , Hepatic Artery , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Pancreatectomy
19.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1135(1): 84-90, 1992 Apr 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1591274

ABSTRACT

Trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, suppressed the clofibric acid-evoked induction of the peroxisomal cyanide-insensitive fatty acyl-CoA oxidizing system and carnitine acetyltransferase in rat liver and also in cultured rat hepatocytes. H-7, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C, also suppressed the induction of these enzymes by clofibric acid, bezafibrate, Wyl4,643 or mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in cultured rat hepatocytes. This suppressive effect was also confirmed by the protein composition of hepatocytes treated with clofibric acid and these antagonists, where the increase in the amount of peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme by peroxisome proliferator was markedly suppressed by above two antagonists. Profile of the time-dependent changes in the activities of the two enzymes after clofibric acid treatment showed that there might be two phases in the induction process. The initial phase (0-3 days after the treatment) showed a relative low inducing rate and subsequent phase (3-5 days after the treatment) showed an abrupt induction. The suppressive effect of the above two antagonists was significant in the later phase. In a time course study of the induction process of peroxisomal catalase, bifunctional enzyme or 69 kDa integral membrane protein using immunochemical detection, the induction of the membrane protein by clofibric acid was delayed compared with that of the bifunctional enzyme, where the induction was inhibited almost completely by nicardipine. These experimental results suggest that calmodulin- and protein kinase C-dependent processes play an important role in the process of marked induction of peroxisomal enzymes and membrane protein by drugs in rat liver.


Subject(s)
Bezafibrate/pharmacology , Calmodulin/metabolism , Catalase/metabolism , Clofibrate/pharmacology , Diethylhexyl Phthalate/analogs & derivatives , Liver/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Microbodies/metabolism , Protein Kinase C/metabolism , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Trifluoperazine/pharmacology , 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Calmodulin/antagonists & inhibitors , Cells, Cultured , Diethylhexyl Phthalate/pharmacology , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Isoquinolines/pharmacology , Kinetics , Liver/drug effects , Liver/enzymology , Male , Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification , Microbodies/drug effects , Microbodies/enzymology , Molecular Weight , Organ Size/drug effects , Oxidation-Reduction , Piperazines/pharmacology , Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Reference Values
20.
Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi ; 29(1): 29-34, 1992 Jan.
Article in Japanese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1560606

ABSTRACT

The long-term efficacy and side effects of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy for secondary prevention after the first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were retrospectively assessed in 133 patients over 60 years of age during a mean follow-up period of 36.6 months. Seventy five patients received antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy (group 1) and 58 patients did not (group 2). In group 1 patients, 54, 12 and 9 patients received ticlopidine, aspirin and warfarin, respectively. Mean age, sex ratio, site of AMI, max CPK value and left ventricular ejection fraction in the convalescent phase did not differ between the two groups. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of the number and kind of combination drugs such as nitrate, beta-blocker and Ca antagonist. During the follow-up period 40 patients died; 18 patients (45%) suffered cardiac death and 22 patients (55%) experienced non-cardiac death. Nineteen patients had recurrent MI and 37 patients had cardiac events which were defined in total as cardiac death, recurrent MI and unstable angina pectoris. The total mortality rate and rate of recurrent MI based on the life time table method were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 by the generalized Wilcoxon test. The cumulative total mortality rate in the fifth year was 24.2% in group 1 and 49% in group 2. The cumulative rate for recurrent MI in the fifth year was 7.4% in group 1 and 27.5% in group 2 (p less than 0.05). However, the rate of cardiac events did not differ between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Subject(s)
Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug Evaluation , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies
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