ABSTRACT
Multidrug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-Tb) and Multidrug-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDS-Tb) isolated from humans were injected subcutaneously into the guinea pigs. One set of infected lungs of animals was fixed in 10% formalin pH7.2, while the other set was treated with 75% ethanol 2 hours prior to fixation in 10% formalin. After six months of fixation, MDS-Tb strains were completely inactivated by both methods of fixation. MDR-Tb strains resisted inactivation by 10% formalin, but were inactivated by the treatment with 75% ethanol 2 hours prior to 10% formalin fixation. MDR-Tb was still viable after six months in tissue preserved in 10% formalin only. Pretreatment of tissue with 75% ethanol prior to preservation in 10% formalin gave a better safety precaution against MDR-Tb in tissue. Of the 50 infected patients studied during the period, 4 (8%) haboured MDR-Tb, while 46 (92%) carried MDS-Tb.
Subject(s)
Ethanol/pharmacology , Formaldehyde/pharmacology , Microbial Viability/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Animals , Guinea Pigs , Humans , Lung/microbiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/physiology , Sputum/microbiology , Tissue Fixation/methods , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiologyABSTRACT
Sixty-eight (68) patients with serious upper extremity suppurative infections, presenting within a period of fifteen (15) months, were prospectively studied clinically, Gram stain of aspirates/pus were performed, specimen cultured, planted, and where indicated glucose levels and haemoglobin genotype determined. Half of the patients had hand infections. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from thirty-nine (39) patients. Gram Negative bacilli, including Salmonella were more isolated from patients with diabetes mellitus or Hgb SS or SC. The Gram stain results correlated with the culture result 90%. When Gram Positive cocci were demonstrated in the primary microscopic examination, cultures were not mandatory. When no organism was demonstrated on primary Gram stain or the patient was diabetic or a sickler, cultures of the specimens were done. The Gram stain, well performed, remains a useful, inexpensive, technologically appropriate laboratory test for abetting decision making in patients with upper extremity suppurative infections. Organisms encountered in this study included: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Coliforms.
Subject(s)
Gentian Violet , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Cocci/isolation & purification , Phenazines , Suppuration/microbiology , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Emergency Service, Hospital , Female , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Cocci/classification , Gram-Positive Cocci/drug effects , Hospitals, Religious , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Nigeria , Prospective Studies , Staining and Labeling , Suppuration/drug therapy , Upper Extremity/microbiologyABSTRACT
This study was conducted to find out the ability of Protein A obtained from a local isolate of Staphylococcus aureus to protect rats against infection by pathogenic organisms. A good amount (5000 microg) of Protein A was extracted from a small quantity (approximately 40 g) of Staphylococcus aureus culture using lysostaphin technique. This extract was found to have protective property against pathogenic Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rats even at a low concentration of 50 microg. The crude Protein A extract also compared favourably with imported standard Protein A in the study.
