Effects of Otago Exercise Program on Physical and Psychosocial Functions Among Community-Dwelling and Institutionalized Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

To review the effects of Otago exercise program (performed individually or in group) on several physical and psychosocial outcomes for community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Three electronic databases and reference lists of identified studies were searched. Eligibility criteria included clinical trials of the Otago exercise program conducted among older adults. Two studies were conducted in institutions, 2 in groups. None of the studies reviewed reported the post-intervention result of the Otago exercise program on depression or any other psychological construct. Otago exercise program was effective in reducing falls, improving balance, strength, mobility, and health-related quality of life within the community and in institutions. Available evidence suggests group performance may be better than individual programs. The Otago exercise program is an important and effective exercise strategy which can be administered in groups or individualized to both community-dwelling and institution-resident older adults. Future reviews, especially, systematic reviews with meta-analysis should be performed.

Patient involvement in medical decisions: a survey of shared decision making during physical therapy consultations.

INTRODUCTION: Shared decision making (SDM) is widely affirmed as an ethical principle in healthcare; underpinned by both evidence of its positive outcomes among patients and strong inducements for its adoption by health professionals. This study investigated patients' involvement in SDM, determined its association with their personal characteristics and identified factors influencing their participation. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was executed among 148 consenting patients, who were recruited using convenience sampling technique and invited to complete self-report questionnaires on SDM. Data were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Only 14 patients (9.5%) were involved in SDM whilst most patients (88.5%) had passive roles during consultation. SDM involvement had significant associations with age (p = .006) and educational status (p = .021). Most patients (67.6%) identified 'Doubt towards SDM,' as a factor that could hinder this collaborative process. Similarly, majority of the patients acknowledged the relevance of the influential factors: 'Physiotherapist's support' (83.7%) and 'Adequate health Information' (75%), toward promoting involvement in SDM. CONCLUSION: Patient involvement in SDM was low in this study. Older and less/uneducated patients exhibited an increased tendency of noninvolvement. Key influential factors that either facilitate or hinder patients' involvement in SDM were revealed. There is a need to curtail drawbacks to SDM and promote its execution in physical therapy as well as general clinical practice.

Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.

PURPOSE: This study determined the association between kinesiophobia and age, body mass index, highest educational status, self-efficacy, pain intensity, and disability in chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) patients. Predictors of kinesiophobia were also assessed. METHODS: This cross-sectional design utilised 224 CNSLBP patients in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Oswestry Disability Index, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and Numerical Pain Rating Scale were used to assess kinesiophobia, disability, self-efficacy, and pain intensity respectively. Spearman's correlation and multiple regression analysis determined the association between the variables of interest and the predictors of kinesiophobia, respectively. RESULTS: Most of the participants reported a high level of kinesiophobia (92%), low level of self-efficacy (68.8%), moderate pain intensity (58.0%), and moderate disability (57.1%). A significant positive weak correlation was observed between kinesiophobia and pain intensity (r = 0.138, p = 0.040). Gender, self-efficacy, pain intensity, and disability significantly predicted the extent of kinesiophobia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The increased levels of kinesiophobia are a cause for concern and highlight the need for kinesiophobia and related factors to be closely monitored and incorporated into preventive and curative rehabilitation programmes for CNSLBP patients to minimise the negative impact on rehabilitation outcomes.Implications for RehabilitationPatients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) have high levels of kinesiophobia, which could predispose them to avoidance behaviours, physical inactivity, and deterioration of health, all of which, if not addressed, may result in poor rehabilitation outcomes, setting off a viscious cycle.Regular kinesiophobia assessments could indicate areas of rehabilitation concern, allowing health care providers to better target rehabilitation programs and improve rehabilitation outcomes.Pain severity, self-efficacy, and disability should be frequently assessed and included when planning rehabilitation programs, to reduce the detrimental impact on kinesiophobia.In patients with CNSLBP, graded exposure therapy to movement is necessary to prevent and reduce kinesiophobia, thereby increasing compliance during rehabilitation programs.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) into Igbo language: a validation study.

BACKGROUND: Late-life experiences such as protracted and indisposing medical disorders can negatively impact older adults' psychological and mental health, making them vulnerable to depression. Majority of the assessment tools for depression were developed for use in western countries. There is therefore the need for availability of culture- and environment-specific tools for assessment of depression in low-and-middle-income countries. This study was designed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) into Igbo language and culture. METHODS: The English version of the GDS-15 was translated into Igbo language; synthesized, back-translated, and underwent expert panel review, pretesting and cognitive debriefing interview, according to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons' guidelines. The Igbo version of the GDS-15 was tested for concurrent and structural validities, and internal consistency among consecutively recruited 140 consenting older adults (62.9% females) in Enugu North Senatorial District at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: The English version of the GDS-15 was successfully cross-culturally adapted to Igbo with all the 15 items still retained on the Igbo version of the GDS-15. The Igbo version of the GDS-15 exhibited the same structure as the English version, and displayed a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.53 with no significant ceiling (0%) and floor (0%) effects. The correlation between the participants' total scores on the Igbo and the English versions of the GDS-15 (ρ = 0.86) was adequate. There was no significant difference between corresponding scores in the English and Igbo versions of the GDS-15 (p = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The Igbo version of the GDS-15 is a valid and culturally specific instrument, and can be used for assessing depression among Igbo older adults in Nigeria.

Community-based non-pharmacological interventions for improving pain, disability and quality of life in pregnant women with musculoskeletal conditions: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analyses.

INTRODUCTION: Twenty five per cent of pregnant women with musculoskeletal pain have disabling symptoms that negatively influence quality of life. Studies have reported varying effects of non-pharmacological interventions including exercise, manipulation and pelvic belts for pregnant women with musculoskeletal problems. The overall effectiveness and acceptability of these interventions is uncertain due to lack of synthesised evidence. This protocol is for the first systematic review of community-based non-pharmacological interventions for improving pain, disability and quality of life in pregnant women with musculoskeletal conditions from studies published until August 2020. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A detailed search of PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Global Index Medicus, African Index Medicus, African Journal Online, Western Pacific Region Index Medicus, Latin American and Caribbean Centre on Health Science Information, Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region, IRIS (WHO digital publications), British Library for Development Studies and Google Scholar. Additional studies will be located from the reference list of identified studies and relevant systematic reviews. The databases will be searched from inception to August 2020. Appraisal of study quality will be performed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data will be synthesised using a mixed-studies synthesis design-the convergent synthesis. The description of interventions in all study designs will be summarised narratively. Meta-analyses will be used to statistically summarise the effectiveness of interventions in randomised controlled trials and the factors that influence these. Other quantitative studies will be summarised narratively to answer the objectives. Thematic synthesis will be used to summarise results of qualitative studies. The outcomes of interest include pain, disability and quality of life. This paper is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical clearance is not required. Findings will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020189535.

Factors affecting the use of mobility aids devices among young adults with mobility disability in a selected Nigerian population.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of people living with mobility disability (PLWMDs), mobility aid devices (MADs), and their environment. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This was a cross-sectional institution-based survey with 51 participants (33 males and 18 females) aged between 18 and 50 years old. Participants were recruited using a purposive sampling method with snowballing. Data were collected using modified socio-cognitive and psychological impacts of the device self-administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency count, mean, percentages and standard deviation and Pearson's chi-square. Alpha level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed diagnosis around the lower limb leading to disabilities implicated the use of MADs. The results showed the psychological factors and combined effect of psychological, socio-cultural and environmental factors were found to be significantly associated with the use of MADs at a significant level of p = .011 and .011, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study suggest a negative effect associated with lack of proper use of MADs as well as the importance of MADs for promoting participation, inclusion, and productivity of PLWDs. However, the effectiveness of a specific type of MADs should be assessed in future studies.Implications for rehabilitationMobility aids devices are designed to help people achieve independence, reduce pain, increase confidence and self-esteem.Individuals with mobility disability are often encouraged to make use of the mobility aids devices.The type of mobility aid device required for each individual will depend on the mobility disability or injury.

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Office Workers in Higher Education Institutions: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) currently pose a challenge to public health and elicit considerable financial, physical and social problems for workers. There is a need to attain a deeper understanding of this predicament among office workers, in order to tackle it successfully. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs among office workers in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as well as discover its associations with their personal/work details and reported risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was executed among 217 office workers in different HEIs, who filled self-report questionnaires on WMSDs. Data were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of WMSDs was 71.9% among these staff. The lower back, wrists/hands and shoulders were the most reported body regions for these disorders. WMSD prevalence had significant associations with sex (p = 0.004), age (p = 0.028), working hours (p = 0.003) and work experience (p = 0.014). There were significant positive relationships (p < 0.05) between WMSD prevalence and these risk factors: awkward posture, sustained body position, improper bending, workplace stress, inappropriate furniture and inadequate rest breaks. CONCLUSION: Most of the study participants were affected with WMSDs, which were primarily reported in the back and upper extremities. Office workers who were older, female, more experienced and work for longer hours, displayed higher risks for these disorders and should be given special attention. Several factors reported by these HEI staff were revealed to significantly influence WMSD prevalence, emphasizing the need for their effective detection and curtailment.