[Gender-related risk of non-fatal stroke, myocardial infarction and blindness in the type 2 diabetic patients depend on the type of treatment].

The aim of present observational cross-sectional study was the estimation of the gender-related risk of non-fatal stroke, myocardial infarction and blindness in type 2 diabetics (T2D) depending on treatment in Ukraine. In Dec 2005 the data from 11 Ukrainian regions for all living T2D already included into the nationwide population-based diabetes register (start of creation Jan 2001) was extracted. Male/female relative risks (RRs) for non-fatal stroke, myocardial infarction and blindness were calculated in treatment groups: Diet only (DO) 7273/15901; oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) 15109/ 33913; insulin (I) 5529/12462 male/female respectively. 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logarithmic transformation, chi-square test was used to compare the differences between groups. The higher prevalence of stroke among men was in those patients treated with OAD or DO:RRs = 1.38 (1.26-1.51) and 1.48 (1.25-1.76), respectively. The gender differences were absent among those treated with I:RR = 0.98 (0.87-1.10). An excess male risk of myocardial infarction was in persons treated with I:RR = 1.37 (1.21-1.55), though smaller than in those treated without I - male/female RRs: 2.18 (1.97-2.41) and 2.37 (1.99-2.86), respectively for OAD and DO (P<0.001 in both cases). The significantly increased female prevalence of blindness was in patients treated with I:RR = 0.80 (0.70-0.92). The latest is in accordance with our earlier results, which have demonstrated the raised prevalence of both low sight and proliferative retinopathy among the insulin-treated diabetic women. No sex-related differences in blindness prevalence were revealed in patients treated with OAD or DO. The gender risks of not-fatal stroke, myocardial infarction and blindness in T2D are significantly different depending on the fact of insulin treatment. Further research could clarify if it depends upon insulin-related hyperandrogenisation in T2D women.

[Circulatory changes in acute myocardial ischemia in dogs with experimental diabetes mellitus]. / Zminy krovobihu pry hostrii ishemii miokarda u sobak z eksperymental'nym tsukrovym diabetom.

On alloxane-diabetic dogs under chloralose anaesthesia without opening the chest catheterization, extracorporal perfusion and resistography of coronary arteries, catheterization and continuous drainage of coronary sinus, catheterization of major vessels and heart chambers were performed. Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by the 60 s cessation of left circumflex coronary artery extracorporal perfusion. The magnitude and peculiarity of the systemic circulation reactions during acute myocardial ischemia in dogs with moderate and mild hyperglycemia (less than 12 mmol/l), didn't differ from those in control group. But the degrees of coronary arteries dilation in the ischemic area and coronary sinus blood oxygen saturation reduction were less and the velocity of the coronary arteries resistance recovery to the base level in reperfusion period was more in these animals than in healthy dogs. In severe alloxane diabetes (hyperglycemia more than 12 mmol/l), the reflectory components of circulation reactions during myocardial ischemia, namely heart contractility function decrease, bradycardia, peripheral vessels resistance and arterial blood pressure reduction, were weakened or even absent, but the recovery velocity of cardiohaemodynamic parameters and the level of metabolic processes in myocardium was significantly slowed in the reperfusion period.