ABSTRACT
Background: A form of cancer that affects the rectum or colon (large intestine) is called colorectal cancer (CRC). The main risk factors for CRC include dietary, lifestyle, and environmental variables. Currently natural polyphenols have demonstrated impressive anticarcinogenic capabilities. Objective: The main objective was to provide an updated, thorough assessment of the defensive mechanism of natural polyphenols for the global suppression of colorectal cancer. More precisely, this study aimed to analyze a set of chosen polyphenols with demonstrated safety, effectiveness, and biochemical defense mechanism on colon cancer models in order to facilitate future research. Methods: This review was carried out with purposefully attentive and often updated scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science. After selecting approximately 178 potentially relevant papers based just on abstracts, 145 studies were meticulously reviewed and discussed. Results: The outcomes disclosed that anti-CRC mechanisms of natural polyphenols involved the control of several molecular and signaling pathways. Natural polyphenols have also been shown to have the ability to limit the growth and genesis of tumors via altering the gut microbiota and cancer stem cells. However, the biochemical uses of many natural polyphenols have remained restricted because of their truncated water solubility and low bioavailability. In order to attain synergistic properties it is recommended to combine the use of different natural polyphenols because of their low bioavailability and volatility. However, the use of lipid-based nano- and micro-carriers also may be helpful to solve these problems with efficient distribution system to target sites. Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of polyphenols for CRC treatment appears promising. To ascertain their efficacy, more clinical research is anticipated.
ABSTRACT
Vacuum gas oil (VGO) is a hydrocarbon combination formed during crude oil extraction, and its consumption may have neurological repercussions. This study investigated the neuroprotective properties of Monodora myristica and Glycyrrhiza glabra in rats given cassava flour diet containing vacuum gas oil (CFD-VGO). Thirty rats were separated into six groups and treated as follows: Group 1 severed as normal control. Group 2 were fed CFD-VGO only. After a normal diet was given to groups 3, 4, and 5, M. myristica, G. glabra, and M. myristica plus G. glabra extracts were administered. Group 6, 7, 8 and 9 were given CFD-VGO and then treated with M. myristica extract, G. glabra extract, M. myristica plus G. glabra extracts and 2-methyl cellulose respectively. The rats were euthanized using carbon dioxide after experimental period of 28 days. The brain was excised for biochemical assays. The results showed that the concentration of the assessed 16 PAHs in CFD-VGO using GC-MS was 53.38 ppm. Significant (p < 0.05) increase were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (T.Chl), triacylglycerol (TAG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and decrease in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and ATPases in the brain rats fed with CFD-VGO. On the other hand, administration of M. myristica and G. glabra extract effectively restored altered antioxidants, ATPases, and lipids in brain of rats fed with cassava diet containing VGO.
ABSTRACT
Background: Malaria fever is known to cause around one million passings per annum. This life-threatening infection is predominant in most part of Africa. Malaria vaccinations are challenging in Nigeria, particularly in rural areas. Drugs derived from plants have been utilized customarily to treat malaria. In this manner, assurance of the harmfulness and antimalarial capacity of plant derived drugs can demonstrate to be the source of novel lead compound to control malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and antimalarial therapeutic index of alkaloid-rich extract of Phyllanthus amarus in mice. Methods: Thirty rats (n = 5/group) were used for the oral acute toxicity study and administered with varying doses (0, 100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg b.wt) of alkaloid-rich extract of P. amarus. The oral acute toxicity was carried out according to OECD guidelines.After 21 days of monitoring, serum liver function tests and liver histology were performed using documented methods. The antimalarial index was determined using median effective dose (ED50) of thirty five mice divided into 7 groups (n = 5). Results: showed that up to the highest dose (5000 mg/kg), there were no biochemical derangements in liver function. Physical signs of toxicity were also not observed. Antimalarial activity indices showed high potency with therapeutic index of 30.13. Conclusion: Alkaloid-rich extract of Phyllanthus amarus is therefore, non-toxic with reputable antimalarial activity. The active alkaloid(s) deserve further study as source for possible development of new and more potent antimalarial agent.
ABSTRACT
Humans and animals are constantly exposed to crude petroleum contaminated diets in petroleum producing areas of the world. As a result, researches are on-going to find simple ameliorative agent against crude petroleum contaminated diet toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Monodora myristica on some biochemical parameters of rats fed with crude petroleum oil contaminated catfish diet (CPO-CCD). Thirty male albino rats were separated into six groups of five rats as follows: group 1: control, group 2: rats were fed CPO-CCD only, group 3: CPO-CCD plus 1â¯ml/kg of 1â¯% tween 80, group 4: CPO-CCD plus M. myristica water extract (MWE), group 5: CPO-CCD plus M. myristica ethanol extract (MEE) and group 6: CPO-CCD plus M. myristica diethyl ether extract (MDEE). The feeding of the rats with CPO-CCD and administration of extracts orally lasted for 28 days. The results showed significant (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum and tissues (liver, kidney and brain) and decrease in total protein, albumin and globulin in the serum and liver of group 2 and 3 when compared with group 1. Significant (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) decrease in AST, ALT, ALP activities and increase in total protein, albumin and globulin levels were observed after treatment with M. myristica extracts (group 4, 5, and 6) when compared with group 1. However, it could be concluded that MDEE revealed a strong effect when compared with the MEE and MWE.
