ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Fear of falling (FoF) is common in patients with cognitive impairment. However, the role of sarcopenia and malnutrition, which are two important factors that cause falls, on FoF is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the association between FoF and malnutrition and sarcopenia in older patients with dementia. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-six dementia patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) was applied to assign and classify FoF. Scores for the FES-I scale were categorized as ≥28, 20-27, or 16-19, representing high concern, moderate, and no or low concern about FoF, respectively. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scores <17, 17-23.5, or >23.5 were categorized as malnutrition, malnutrition risk, and well-nourished, respectively. Sarcopenia was defined using the SARC-F tool. SARC-F score ≥4 was categorized as sarcopenia. Serum folate, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin D deficiencies were also evaluated. The relationship between FoF groups and nutritional status, presence of sarcopenia, and micronutrient status was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age was 80.83±6.61 years. The prevalence of moderate and high FoF in dementia patients was 51%. There was a significant difference in terms of cerebrovascular events, the history of falling, instrumental and basic activities of daily living (IADL and BADL), MNA, and SARC-F scores between the FoF groups (p<0.05). The association between sarcopenia and FoF persisted in multivariable analysis adjusted for MNA scores, cerebrovascular events, falls history, BADL, and IADL (OR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.50-4.50), but there was no significant association between malnutrition/micronutrient deficiencies and FoF (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia is associated with the severity of FoF, but malnutrition or micronutrient deficiencies are not associated with the severity of FoF in older patients with dementia.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Polypharmacy and anticholinergic burden are the indicators for the evaluation of the quality of pharmacotherapy in older adults. The aim of this study was to consider which anticholinergic burden scales are more related with polypharmacy among older patients. METHODS: Four hundred and twenty older adults were evaluated retrospectively in this cross-sectional study. The patient's demographic data, comorbidities, the drugs, and number of drugs were recorded. Anticholinergic burden scales were calculated by a tool named anticholinergic burden calculator. RESULTS: The participants' mean age was 73.08±8.71. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 32.14%. The highest relationship with polypharmacy was observed for drug burden index (DBI) (odds ratio 10.87, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that polypharmacy and DBI scores were more related than other anticholinergic burden scales in older adults.
