Age of First Oral Health Examination and Dental Treatment Needs of Medicaid-Enrolled Children.

INTRODUCTION: Early childhood caries (ECC), despite being preventable, remains the most prevalent disease of childhood, particularly in children between the ages of 2 and 5 y. The association between the type of health care provider completing initial oral health examinations and subsequent dental caries in children under 6 y of age is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study is to longitudinally assess the association between age at first oral health examination and provider type at first oral health examination on dental treatment for children under 6 y of age. METHODS: Deidentified administrative claims data were used from the IBM Marketscan Multi-State Medicaid Database (n = 2.41 million Medicaid-enrolled children younger than 6 y in 13 states from 2012 to 2017). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to examine the association between age at first oral health examination and provider type with first treatment of dental caries at follow-up. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of dental caries for children whose first oral health examination at 4 y of age is 5.425 times higher than for children whose first oral health examination was before 1 y of age (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.371-5.479). The adjusted HR of dental caries for children seen by pediatric dentists (HR = 1.215; 95% CI, 1.207-1.223) and physicians (HR = 2.618; 95% CI, 2.601-2.635) was higher than those seen by a general dentist. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study highlight the importance of children having their first oral health examination no later than 12 mo of age in accordance with existing guidelines and referrals from physicians to prevent the need for invasive treatment. KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSFER STATEMENT: Results of this study emphasize the need for a child's first oral health examination to be completed no later than 12 mo of age to prevent dental caries. Reinforcement and referrals by physicians based on this recommendation facilitate early establishment of a dental home in young children.

[3 cases of viral carriage detected during screening for HIV antibodies]. / Tri sluchaia virusonositel'stva, vyiavlennye pri skrininge na antitela k VICh.

The results of screening more than 23,000 serum samples from persons belonging to risk groups, as well as those not belonging to such groups, in Moscow, Vilnius and Klaipeda are presented. Screening was carried out with the use of an assay system manufactured by the Scientific and Industrial Amalgamation "Antigen" (USSR). In this screening 3 HIV carriers were detected; of these, 2 were foreign students from two African countries.

[Detection and quantitative determination of antigen to the human immunodeficiency virus during development of a test-system for the serodiagnosis of AIDS]. / Vyiavlenie i kolichestvennoe opredelenie antigena virusa immunodefitsita cheloveka v protsesse polucheniia test-sistemy dlia serodiagnostiki SPID.

One of the variants of IFA using a conjugate on the basis of anti-HIV-IgG was used for control of the content of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen at different stages of production of a test system for serodiagnosis of AIDS. This method permits HIV antigen quantitation in virus lysates, its nonpurified concentrates, and in native culture fluid in titres from 2000 to 60,000 and from less than 27 to greater than 729, respectively. In most cases, high titres of antigen in the liquid fraction of the culture corresponded to high values of the antigen-containing cells on the basis of immunofluorescence data and signs of intensive HIV production in electron microscopic culture control. The authors developed a method allowing to determine the antigen titre in the study material using only one dilution (1:9) of it in IFA technique.

[Changes in the kinetic characteristics of reactions catalyzed by erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase in experimental lead poisoning in rats]. / Izmenenie kineticheskikh kharakteristik reaktsii, kataliziruemoi delta-aminolevulinatdegidratazoi éritrotsitov, pri éksperimental'no svintsovoi intoksikatsii u krys.

An increase in values of both kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of the delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase reaction was observed in blood of rats poisoned with lead. The Km value of the reaction was increased, while Vmax--decreased, after addition of Pb2+ into rat blood in vitro. The results obtained as well as the data published in literature suggest that a compensatory mechanism appears to function in vivo, where a substrate, delta-aminolevulenic acid, plays a triggering role.