ABSTRACT
BRAF-activating somatic mutations often exist in malignant melanoma. The underlying molecular mechanism of somatic BRAF mutation inductions remained to be clear. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a member of a cytidine deaminase family, and APOBEC3B induce somatic mutations and recently have been indicated to be involved in the pathomechanism of several kinds of cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the expression level of AID and APOBEC3B in BRAF-mutation- containing malignant melanoma. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that 9 of 10 malignant melanomas with high AID expression had BRAF(V600E) mutation. Eight of them developed multiorgan metastases or multiple lymph node metastases afterwards. Although the size of the patient panel was small, the results indicate that there might be an association between AID expression and BRAF mutation in melanoma.
Subject(s)
Cytidine Deaminase/metabolism , Melanoma/enzymology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics , Skin Neoplasms/enzymology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cytidine Deaminase/genetics , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Melanoma/genetics , Middle Aged , Mutation , Skin Neoplasms/geneticsABSTRACT
Approximately 50% of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) have skin involvement, and the smoldering, skin lesion-bearing cases are often treated with various skin-directed therapies, such as phototherapy and radiation therapy. Daily oral administration of etoposide plus prednisolone (EP) is also used for smoldering-type ATLL. However, it remains unclear whether these therapies improve patients' survival. We retrospectively analyzed the prognosis of patients with smoldering, skin lesion-bearing ATLL (n = 62), who were treated, as first therapy, with one skin-directed therapy (n = 29), oral EP alone (n = 14) or a combination of skin-directed therapy and oral EP (n = 19). Multivariate analysis revealed that the hazard ratios (HRs) for the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with the combination therapy were significantly lower than those with the skin-directed therapy (HR 0.1, p = 0.001; HR 0.2, p = 0.002, respectively). These results suggest that the combination of skin-directed therapy and oral EP improves the clinical outcome of patients with smoldering, skin lesion-bearing ATLL.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/therapy , Skin/radiation effects , Ultraviolet Therapy/methods , Administration, Oral , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Combined Modality Therapy , Drug Administration Schedule , Etoposide/administration & dosage , Etoposide/adverse effects , Fatigue/etiology , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology , Leukopenia/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Prednisolone/adverse effects , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Skin/pathology , Ultraviolet Therapy/adverse effects , Vomiting/etiologyABSTRACT
There are increasing cases of wheat dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) with transcutaneous or transmucosal sensitization. Hydrolyzed wheat included in a certain brand of soap was identified as a cause of sensitization. The useful clues to detect this disorder consist of the patient's past usage of a soap containing hydrolyzed wheat, the appearance of cutaneous or mucosal symptoms after the intake of wheat or washing with this soap, and a high level of specific IgE for wheat gluten. Because hydrolyzed wheat is used as an additive in a wide variety of cosmetics, we should pay careful attention to the ingredients of cosmetics when observing WDEIA.