Visual outcome following posterior capsule rupture during manual small incision cataract surgery.

BACKGROUND: The quality of cataract surgery can be measured by visual outcome, which is sometimes limited by intraoperative complications, most commonly posterior capsular rupture. AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess visual outcome at the last visit (≥8 weeks) following posterior capsule rupture (PCR) in patients who had manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) managed without access to an automated vitrector. METHODS: A review of medical records of all manual small incision cataract surgeries performed between January 2013 and December 2016 at the National Eye Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria was conducted. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed using STATA 14.0 to examine risk factors for the development of a poor visual outcome and to assess the impact of PCR on development of poor visual outcome. RESULTS: In total, 405 patients were operated on with MSICS (50.6% males). Mean age was 62.4 (SD 12.6) years. PCR was the most common complication (n = 19 (4.7%)). The proportion of good outcomes (≥6/18) rose from 12.4% non-PCR and 0.0% for those with PCR at day 1 postoperative review, to 71.5 and 26.3%, respectively, by final follow up (P = 0.001). Patients with PCR were 7.0 (P = 0.0001) times more likely to have borderline/poor visual outcome (<6/18) compared to those without PCR. Age >60 years increased the odds of borderline/poor by 1.4 times (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: PCR significantly affects the visual outcome of cataract patients in settings with no facilities for automated vitrectomy. Minimizing complications will improve visual outcome of cataract patients and increase uptake of cataract surgical services.

Eyelash extension use among female students in a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria: A study of kaduna polytechnic, Kaduna.

BACKGROUND: Eyelash extensions involve the attachment of synthetic eyelashes made of chemical fibers or other materials onto natural eyelashes. It has become common practice among Nigerian women for various reasons. Aim/Objectives: The aim is to assess eyelash extension use among students of a higher institution in Nigeria, the reasons for its use and related eye complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using structured self-administered questionnaire. Stratified sampling technique was used. The key items in the questionnaire were sociodemographic variables, knowledge and use of eyelashes extension, reasons for the use of eyelashes extension and eye symptoms/complications experienced during such use. A total of 310questionnaires were completely and correctly filled. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 statistical package. RESULTS: There were 310 respondents; the age range was 16-52 with a mean of 23.0 years ± 4.8. The prevalence of eyelash use was 38.7%. Beauty was the most common reason for lash extension 56.1% (n = 174). Others were curiosity, peer pressure, and replacement therapy. The most common complication was itching 45.8% (n = 142). Others were redness, pain, heavy eyelids, loss of lashes, casting of shadow in vision, tearing, burning sensation, foreign body sensation, and boils (stye) on the eyelid. CONCLUSION: Eyelash extension use is popular among young female students of higher institutions commonly for esthetic reasons (often because they desire to become more beautiful). Majority of them experience one ocular symptom or the other. Attention should, therefore, be paid to the potential health risk of the procedure and its use should be made much safer for our women.

Complete avulsion of the globe and the optic nerve: a case report.

Blunt trauma to the globe may cause rupture or avulsion of the globe with its attendant consequences. Traumatic avulsion of the globe and optic nerve are rare because of the protection offered by the bony socket and the resistance of the globe due to its pressure and the thickness of the nerve tissues. However, there are a few documented cases of avulsion of the globe and optic nerve in the literature. We report a case of traumatic avulsion of the left globe in a 38-year-old female Nigerian. Primary enucleation of the avulsed globe with insertion of orbital prosthesis was done.

Pattern of eye diseases in a university health service clinic in northern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Eye diseases constitute one of the common health problems presenting to the general practice clinic and could have significant socioeconomic consequences. OBJECTIVES: To determine the pattern of eye diseases presenting to the eye clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Sick Bay, Samaru, Zaria. METHODS: A prospective study of both new and old consecutive patients presenting to the eye clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Sick Bay between March 2009 and May 2010 was conducted. A screening format designed by the authors was used to extract information on biodata, presenting complaint, visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examination, investigations and diagnosis. The data was analysed using Analyse-it V2.22(2010) statistical software. RESULTS: There were 1448 patients comprising 856 males and 592 females who were aged 24.3 years +/- 11.7SD with an age range of 0 to 60 years. The majority (63.5%) were students. The common eye diseases seen were infective conjunctivitis (40.3%), allergic conjunctivitis (32.7%), refractive errors (17.3%), glaucoma (1.9%) and cataract (1.8%). CONCLUSION: Eye diseases were found to be common within the community of Ahmadu Bello University which is made up of students predominantly. This implies that avoidable (preventable and treatable) ocular disorders are still common among Nigerian students. Early detection (through periodic eye screening) and prompt treatment will significantly reduce visual impairment and needless blindness from these avoidable causes.

Audiometric findings in Waardenburg's syndrome amongst the institutionalised deaf/blind in Kaduna-Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: Waardenburg's syndrome (WS) is a rare inherited disorder of congenital hearing loss and Pigmentary disturbances of the eyes, hair, skin and neural crest derivatives. MATERIALS & METHODS: 620 students in a deaf/blind school were examined and four had WS with a frequency of 0.65%. 2 males and 2 females with WS and age ranges between 10-19yrs {mean 15.75yrs.} All 4 subjects had complete blue irides, white forelock and sensorineural hearing loss, and thus met the diagnostic criteria. They were then subjected to Audiometric assessment. RESULTS: Otoscopy was essentially normal but Audiometry revealed sensorineural hearing loss [SNHL] in all the subjects ranging from severe to profound with one subject being stone deaf. CONCLUSION: WS is a rare disorder in our environment although it may be under reported. Two ofthe subjects benefited from amplification and were given hearing Aids. Provision of early amplification cannot be over emphasized.

Ophthalmologic abnormalities among deaf students in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The association between deafness and ocular problems is well established; however the nature and prevalence of these problems are diverse across the globe. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the nature and prevalence of ophthalmologic abnormalities in deaf students and offer treatment to those with remediable conditions. METHOD: Six hundred and twenty deaf students aged between 5 and 38 years were examined in a school for the deaf. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty (20.9%) had some form of ophthalmologic abnormality. Some had anterior segment abnormalities such as corneal opacities (0.5%) and allergic conjunctivitis (3.4%) while others had posterior segment abnormalities like optic atrophy (0.3%), Waardenburg syndrome (0.6%) and Ushers syndrome (0.6%). Refractive error was the most common (7.9%). CONCLUSION: Since these deaf students use their sight to compensate for the deafness, routine ophthalmologic examination should be carried out on them so that ophthalmologic abnormalities are detected early and treatment offered for remediable diseases.

Ocular disorders in children in Zaria children's school.

BACKGROUND: The main causes of blindness in children change over time. The prevalence and pattern of eye diseases in children were studied in northern Nigeria 6 years ago. This study like the previous one was a school eye health screening conducted in Zaria children school located at the centre of Zaria, a city in northern Nigeria. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: to determine the current prevalence and pattern of eye diseases affecting school children in Zaria. This is to serve as a current template for planning eye care for children in Zaria and environs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a cross sectional study of 327 children who completed a pre-designed school eye screening format was conducted. Consent was obtained from the school authority and the parents before the screening exercise. It involved assessment of visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examination and colour vision testing. Intraocular pressure measurement and refraction were done for those with indications. RESULT: A total of 327 children were examined, out of which 45.6% (n=149) were males and 54.4% (n=178) were females. M: F=1:1.2. Age range 5-17 yrs with mean of 9.6 ± 3.1(SD). The commonest causes of eye disorders were refractive errors 8.0% (n=26), allergic conjunctivitis 7.3 % (n=24), glaucoma suspects 3.7% (n=12) and colour deficiency 1.5%(n=5). CONCLUSION: The major causes of childhood eye disorders were uncorrected refractive errors and allergic conjunctivitis. The predominance of uncorrected refractive error is similar to what is obtainable in other parts of the world especially in the urban areas.

Ocular disorders in children in Zaria children's school

BACKGROUND:The main causes of blindness in children change over time. The prevalence and pattern of eye diseases in children were studied in northern Nigeria 6 years ago. This study like the previous one was a school eye health screening conducted in Zaria children school located at the centre of Zaria, a city in northern Nigeria.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:to determine the current prevalence and pattern of eye diseases affecting school children in Zaria. This is to serve as a current template for planning eye care for children in Zaria and environs.MATERIALS AND METHODS:a cross sectional study of 327 children who completed a pre-designed school eye screening format was conducted. Consent was obtained from the school authority and the parents before the screening exercise. It involved assessment of visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examination and colour vision testing. Intraocular pressure measurement and refraction were done for those with indications.RESULT :A total of 327 children were examined, out of which 45.6% (n=149) were males and 54.4% (n=178) were females. M: F=1:1.2. Age range 5-17 yrs with mean of 9.6 ± 3.1(SD). The commonest causes of eye disorders were refractive errors 8.0% (n=26), allergic conjunctivitis 7.3 % (n=24), glaucoma suspects 3.7% (n=12) and colour deficiency 1.5%(n=5).CONCLUSION :The major causes of childhood eye disorders were uncorrected refractive errors and allergic conjunctivitis. The predominance of uncorrected refractive error is similar to what is obtainable in other parts of the world especially in the urban areas

Audiometric findings in Waardenburg's syndrome amongst the institutionalised deaf/ blind in Kaduna-Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: Waardenburg's syndrome is a rare inherited disorder of congenital hearing loss and Pigmentary disturbances of the eyes, hair, skin and neural crest derivatives. METHODOLOGY: 620 students in a deaf/blind school were examined end four had Waardenburg's syndrome with a frequency of 0.65%. 2 males and 2 females with Waardenburg's syndrome and age ranges between 1019 years (mean 15.75 years) All 4 subjects had complete blue irides, white forelock and sensorineural hearing loss, and thus met the diagnostic criteria. They were then subjected to Audiometric assessment. RESULTS: Otoscopy was essentially normal but Audiometry revealed sensorineural hearing loss [SNHL] in all the subjects ranging from severe to profound with one subject being stone deaf. CONCLUSION: Waardenburg's syndrome is a rare disorder in our environment although it may be under reported. Two of the subjects benefited from amplification and were given hearing Aids. Provision of early amplification cannot be over emphasized.

Audiometric Findings in Waardenburg's Syndrome amongst the Institutionalised Deaf Blind in Kaduna-Nigeria

Introduction:Waardenburg's syndrome is a rare inherited disorder of congenital hearing loss and Pigmentary disturbances of the eyes; hair; skin and neural crest derivatives. Methodology: 620 students in a deaf/blind school were examined and four had Waardenburg's syndrome with a frequency of 0.65. 2 males and 2 females with Waardenburg's syndrome and age ranges between 10-19years (mean 15.75years) All 4 subjects had complete blue irides; white forelock and sensorineural hearing loss; and thus met the diagnostic criteria. They were then subjected to Audiometric assessment. Results: Otoscopy was essentially normal but Audiometry revealed sensorineural hearing loss [SNHL] in all the subjects ranging from severe to profound with one subject being stone deaf. Conclusion: Waardenburg's syndrome is a rare disorder in our environment although it may be under reported.Two of the subjects benefited from amplification and were given hearing Aids. Provision of early amplification cannot be over emphasized