Sialendoscopy approach in treating juvenile recurrent parotitis: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) is characterized by recurrent episodes of painful parotid swelling in children. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness of sialendoscopy in children affected by JRP. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library until April 2022, without language restrictions or specified start date. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS: Our review included 524 patients and 646 sialendoscopies. The sample sizes of the different studies ranged from 3 to 77 subjects. Most authors performed sialendoscopy under general anesthesia. The mean percentage of recurrences observed was 25.1% (95% confidence intervals) (CI 23.6-26.6). There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of attacks/year and recurrences (p < 0.05). The percentage of recurrences according to the type of irrigation/flushing used ranged from 22.2% to 25.2%, with no significant differences between the use of corticosteroids alone (25.2% of recurrences), corticosteroids plus antibiotics (25% of recurrences) or saline alone (22.2% of recurrences). Sialoendoscopy has proved in all cases to be a valid method for the diagnosis of JRP, but it does not allow a reliable differential diagnosis with other autoimmune parotitis such as Sjögren's syndrome. CONCLUSION: According to our results, parotid sialoendoscopy was 74.9% effective as a primary treatment in the prevention of recurrent symptoms in JRP. The type of ductal irrigation used did not significantly influence the prognostic outcome.

Intestinal intussusception in adults: Location, causes, symptoms, and therapeutic management.

OBJECTIVE: Intestinal intussusception is difficult to diagnose in adults because the symptoms are nonspecific. However, most have structural causes that require surgical treatment. This paper reviews the epidemiologic characteristics, imaging findings, and therapeutic management of intussusception in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study identified patients diagnosed with intestinal intussusception who required admission to our hospital between 2016 and 2020. Of the 73 cases identified, 6 were excluded due to coding errors and 46 were excluded because the patients were aged <16 years. Thus, 21 cases in adults (mean age, 57 years) were analyzed. RESULTS: The most common clinical manifestation was abdominal pain, reported in 8 (38%) cases. In CT studies, the target sign yielded 100% sensitivity. The most common site of intussusception was the ileocecal region, reported in 8 (38%) patients. A structural cause was identified in 18 (85.7%) patients, and 17 (81%) patients required surgery. The pathology findings were concordant with the CT findings in 94.1% of cases; tumours were the most frequent cause (6 (35.3%) benign and 9 (64.7%) malignant). CONCLUSIONS: CT is the first-choice test for the diagnosis of intussusception and plays a crucial role in determining its aetiology and therapeutic management.

Invaginaciones intestinales en el adulto: localización, etiología, sintomatología y manejo terapéutico / Intestinal intussusception in adults: location, causes, symptoms, and therapeutic management

Objetivo: Las invaginaciones intestinales en adultos son de difícil diagnóstico debido a la inespecificidad de los síntomas. Sin embargo, la mayoría tienen una causa estructural que requiere tratamiento quirúrgico. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar sus características epidemiológicas, hallazgos en imagen y manejo terapéutico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de las invaginaciones intestinales que precisaron ingreso hospitalario diagnosticadas en nuestro hospital entre 2016 y 2020. De un total de 73 casos fueron excluidos errores de codificación (n=6) y pacientes menores de 16 años (n=46), resultando 21 invaginaciones en adultos. Resultados: La edad media fue de 57 años, y el dolor abdominal fue la manifestación clínica más frecuente en el 38% de los casos (n=8). El diagnóstico mediante tomografía computarizada (TC), con la presencia “del signo de la diana”, alcanzó una sensibilidad del 100%, siendo la región ileocecal la localización más frecuente en un 38% de los pacientes (n=8). Un 85,7% de los casos (n=18) tenían una causa estructural y el 81% (n=17) requirió cirugía. Los resultados anatomopatológicos fueron concordantes con la TC en un 94,1%, siendo la etiología más frecuente la neoplásica: 35,3% benignas (n=6) y 64,7% malignas (n=9). Conclusiones: La TC es la prueba de elección en el diagnóstico de las invaginaciones intestinales y resulta determinante a la hora de identificar la etiología y decidir el manejo terapéutico.(AU)

Objective: Intestinal intussusception is difficult to diagnose in adults because the symptoms are nonspecific. However, most have structural causes that require surgical treatment. This paper reviews the epidemiologic characteristics, imaging findings, and therapeutic management of intussusception in adults. Materials and methods: This retrospective study identified patients diagnosed with intestinal intussusception who required admission to our hospital between 2016 and 2020. Of the 73 cases identified, 6 were excluded due to coding errors and 46 were excluded because the patients were aged<16 years. Thus, 21 cases in adults (mean age, 57 y) were analyzed. Results: The most common clinical manifestation was abdominal pain, reported in 8 (38%) cases. In CT studies, the target sign yielded 100% sensitivity. The most common site of intussusception was the ileocecal region, reported in 8 (38%) patients. A structural cause was identified in 18 (85.7%) patients, and 17 (81%) patients required surgery. The pathology findings were concordant with the CT findings in 94.1% of cases; tumors were the most frequent cause (6 (35.3%) benign and 9 (64.7%) malignant). Conclusions: CT is the first-choice test for the diagnosis of intussusception and plays a crucial role in determining its etiology and therapeutic management.(AU)

Intestinal intussusception in adults: location, causes, symptoms, and therapeutic management. / Invaginaciones intestinales en el adulto: localización, etiología, sintomatología y manejo terapéutico.

OBJECTIVE: Intestinal intussusception is difficult to diagnose in adults because the symptoms are nonspecific. However, most have structural causes that require surgical treatment. This paper reviews the epidemiologic characteristics, imaging findings, and therapeutic management of intussusception in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study identified patients diagnosed with intestinal intussusception who required admission to our hospital between 2016 and 2020. Of the 73 cases identified, 6 were excluded due to coding errors and 46 were excluded because the patients were aged<16 years. Thus, 21 cases in adults (mean age, 57 y) were analyzed. RESULTS: The most common clinical manifestation was abdominal pain, reported in 8 (38%) cases. In CT studies, the target sign yielded 100% sensitivity. The most common site of intussusception was the ileocecal region, reported in 8 (38%) patients. A structural cause was identified in 18 (85.7%) patients, and 17 (81%) patients required surgery. The pathology findings were concordant with the CT findings in 94.1% of cases; tumors were the most frequent cause (6 (35.3%) benign and 9 (64.7%) malignant). CONCLUSIONS: CT is the first-choice test for the diagnosis of intussusception and plays a crucial role in determining its etiology and therapeutic management.

Imaging acute pancreatitis. / Pancreatitis aguda en imágenes.

OBJECTIVES: Acute pancreatitis is common; the clinical course of this potentially severe condition varies widely. This paper aims to review the role of different imaging techniques in the management of acute pancreatitis, describe the main imaging findings for this entity, and explain the terms and criteria used to classify them. CONCLUSIONS: Imaging techniques play a key role in the management of acute pancreatitis, from diagnosis and staging to identifying and treating complications, as well as in determining the underlying causes of the condition. For these reasons, radiologists should know the advantages and limitations of each imaging technique in the evaluation of acute pancreatitis, be familiar with the wide spectrum of imaging findings associated with it, and how to use the specific terminology derived from the Atlanta classification to ensure the standardization and quality of reports.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Implant presence-triggered osteonecrosis: Case series and literature review.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the characteristics of 'implant presence-triggered osteonecrosis' (IPTO) in the literature and identify possible differences between IPTOs and 'implant surgery-triggered osteonecrosis' (ISTO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reviews using PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were performed from 2009-2018; the focus was on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and dental implants. In addition, the hospital records of all patients presented in our department with IPTO were retrospectively reviewed. In both studies, the following data were collected: the number of patients with ISTO or IPTO, age, gender, location, stage of MRONJ, number of implants involved in MRONJ, the elapsed time between the placement of the implants and the development of MRONJ, applied treatment and the presence of mandibular fractures and progress. RESULTS: The literature review provided 111 articles. Nine of the articles were selected for bibliographic review. The number of osteonecrosis cases was significantly higher in the IPTO group (74 cases) compared with the ISTO group (27 cases). The duration of the anti-resorptive treatment (oral and intravenous) was also longer in the IPTO group. In our centre, seven patients with IPTO were chosen; however, no patients with ISTO were selected. The significant differences between the patients in our series and the information collected in the literature for the IPTO group were the time of ingestion of alendronate, the elapsed time from the placement of the implants to the development of the MRONJ and the number of implants linked to the development of a complication. CONCLUSIONS: The use of antiresorptives causes osteonecrosis in patients with implants that are subjected to functional loading, and this occurs at a higher frequency than what is observed after implant placement surgery.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among dentists in the principality of Asturias (Spain).

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge and capabilities of dentists and dental students in their last year of study in regard to risk factors of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of a questionnaire survey in Asturias, Spain. The study was divided into three groups: dentists who worked for the public dental health care system (n=32), dentists who worked exclusively as private health care practitioners (n=136), and dental students in their last year (year five) of study (n=38). The quantitative differences in the scores obtained in the resolution of clinical cases between students and dentists were evaluated. Differences between dentists were evaluated depending on number of years in practice, activity (private or public care), and area of specialty. The study tracked the possible differences in the general knowledge of MRONJ among dentists and students and the participants' adherence to the dental clinic guidelines regarding the MRONJ. RESULTS: Students from year five reached a higher score than those dentists with private practice activity (P=0.01). Significant differences between the students and the public health care dentists were not recognized, nor between the latter and the private health care dentists. The lowest percentage of correct answers among participants was related to implant surgery in patients treated with oral aminobisphosphonates. The dentists with more than 20 years of professional experience obtained significantly lower-than-average scores in the resolution of the clinical cases based on clinical guidelines (P=0.01). We did not observe any differences in the average test scores obtained by dentists dependent on their area of expertise. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of side effects of antiresorptive drugs decreases with years of professional practice. Training efforts on MRONJ should focus especially on those dentists who practice privately, who have over 20 years of professional experience, and who perform implant surgery on patients at risk of MRONJ.

Oral bisphosphonates-associated osteonecrosis in rheumatoid arthritis.

Adverse effects associated with the use of bisphosphonates are infrequent and consist of pyrexia, renal function impairment, and hypocalcemia. Bisphosphonates-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of intravenous bisphosphonate therapy in cancer patients. The degree of risk for osteonecrosis in patients taking oral bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, is uncertain and warrants careful monitoring. Oral bisphosphonates-associated osteonecrosis can occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We report a case of mandibular osteonecrosis in a patient who received alendronate for 3.8 years. The pathology improved after bisphosphonate therapy discontinuation and sequestrectomy. To our knowledge there are only three cases published in the literature relating bisphosphonates-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. All the cases published, including our case, have reported association between methotrexate, prednisone and alendronate sodium (Fosamax) therapy. Corticosteroid therapy and dental surgery could increase the risk of developing bisphosphonates-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws in these patients.

Diagnóstico diferencial de tumefacciones y tumoraciones submandibulares / Differential diagnosis of submandibular swelling and tumors

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Medicina basada en la evidencia (MBE). Ventajas / Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). Advantages

La Medicina basada en la Evidencia (MBE) se define como un proceso cuyo objetivo es la selección de los mejores argumentos científicos para la resolución de los problemas que la práctica médica cotidiana plantea. Filosóficamente es un nuevo paradigma (verificacionista), que se ha extendido a todas las profesiones sanitarias (Cirugía Basada en la Evidencia, Odontología Basada en la Evidencia, etc.), soportado por los avances tecnológicos. Aunque sus ventajas son evidentes, también se han reconocido limitaciones, especialmente en lo concerniente a la práctica quirúrgica. En el presente trabajo se revisan los fundamentos y principales ventajas de la MBE. (AU)

Effect of occlusal splint and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in patients with bruxism.

A crossed-design experimental study has been made involving simple blind paired data and random assignment to treatment, with the aim of evaluating the action of an occlusal splint with transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) upon the manifestations of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients with bruxism. The prevalence of TMD in the 24 patients with bruxism was 62.5%%; the corresponding severity, as determined by the pantographic reproducibility index (PRI), was mild (mean value: 20.71). Clicking and pain in the lateral pterygoid muscle were the most frequent clinical manifestations. The occlusal splint and TENS did not significantly improve the signs and symptoms of TMD in these patients with bruxism.