ABSTRACT
Emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are two of the major problems currently threatening global public health. In Nigeria, interest in CPE is recent. In Sokoto, northwest Nigeria, there are no data on the prevalence and mechanism underlying carbapenem resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of clinical carbapenems-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in two leading hospitals in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria. A total of 292 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens processed in the diagnostic laboratories of two hospitals between January and June 2019 were collected. Of these, 129 (44.2 %) and 19 (6.5%) were resistant to third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenems, respectively. RT-PCR revealed that 10 (7.8%), 19 (14.7%) and 46 (35.7%) of the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant isolates harboured bla SHV, bla TEM and bla CTX-M genes, respectively. The modified Carba NP test result showed that only 7 (36.8 %) of the 19 carbapenem-resistant isolates were carbapenemase producing; among them, bla NDM-5 and bla OXA-181 genes were identified in five and two isolates, respectively. However, none of the carbapenemase genes investigated, including bla VIM, bla KPC and bla IMP, was detected in the remaining carbapenem-resistant isolates, suggesting a non-enzymatic mechanism. This study reports for the first time, the emergence of CPE in Sokoto state and the detection of NDM-producing Citrobacter freundii in Nigeria. The observed CPE in this study is a concern in a country where alternative antibiotics are rarely available.
ABSTRACT
The physicochemical surface property of two Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from urine (isolates B and C) and a standard strain ATCC 13709 (isolate A) were compared. Isolate B was the most hydrophobic while isolate A was least hydrophobic as determined by bacterial adherence to hydrocarbon (BATH). Isolate A was most adherent to silicone urinary catheter and least adherent to both glass and intravenous catheter placement unit. Isolate B was most adherent to glass while isolate C was most adherent to the intravenous catheter. The clinical isolates B and C were generally more adherent and more hydrophobic than the standard strain ATCC 13709. There was no direct correlation between hydrophobicity of isolates and their adherence to biomedical materials and glass in this work.
