Functionalization of porous silica with graphene oxide and polyethyleneimine, containing zinc copper ferrite nanoparticles for water treatment and antibacterial application.

The article discusses the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye, a common cationic dye used in the textile industry, from aqueous solutions through an adsorption process. The use of porous components as adsorbents are shown to facilitate complete separation after the process is completed. The substrate was synthesized by connecting zinc copper ferrite (ZnCuFe2O4), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and Graphene Oxide (GO) sheets to MCM-48, which is a mesoporous material. The surface of MCM-48 was modified using CPTMS, which created an O-Si-Cl bridge, thereby improving the adsorption rate. The substrate was shown to have suitable sites for electrostatic interactions and creating hydrogen bonds with MB. The adsorption process from the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9224) and the pseudo-second-order diagram (R2 = 0.9927) demonstrates the adsorption of several layers of dye on the heterogeneous surface of the substrate. The synthesized substrate was also shown to have good bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strain. Furthermore, the substrate maintained its initial ability to adsorb MB dye for four consecutive cycles. The research resulted that ZnCuFe2O4@MCM-48/PEI-GO substrate has the potential for efficient and economical removal of MB dye from aqueous solutions (R = 88.82%) (qmax = 294.1176 mg. g-1), making it a promising solution for the disposal of harmful industrial waste.

Effective extracellular vesicles in glioma: Focusing on effective ncRNA exosomes and immunotherapy methods for treatment.

This comprehensive article explores the complex field of glioma treatment, with a focus on the important roles of non-coding RNAsRNAs (ncRNAs) and exosomes, as well as the potential synergies of immunotherapy. The investigation begins by examining the various functions of ncRNAs and their involvement in glioma pathogenesis, progression, and as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Special attention is given to exosomes as carriers of ncRNAs and their intricate dynamics within the tumor microenvironment. The exploration extends to immunotherapy methods, analyzing their mechanisms and clinical implications in the treatment of glioma. By synthesizing these components, the article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how ncRNAs, exosomes, and immunotherapy interact, offering valuable insights into the evolving landscape of glioma research and therapeutic strategies.

Getting to know ovarian cancer: Focusing on the effect of LncRNAs in this cancer and the effective signaling pathways.

This article undertakes a comprehensive investigation of ovarian cancer, examining the complex nature of this challenging disease. The main focus is on understanding the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the context of ovarian cancer (OC), and their regulatory functions in disease progression. Through extensive research, the article identifies specific lncRNAs that play significant roles in the intricate molecular processes of OC. Furthermore, the study examines the signaling pathways involved in the development of OC, providing a detailed comprehension of the underlying molecular mechanisms. By connecting lncRNA dynamics with signaling pathways, this exploration not only advances our understanding of ovarian cancer but also reveals potential targets for therapeutic interventions. The findings open up opportunities for targeted treatments, highlighting the importance of personalized approaches in addressing this complex disease and driving progress in ovarian cancer research and treatment strategies.

The role of Pycnogenol in the control of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic diseases: Molecular aspects.

The prevalence of chronic diseases has increased significantly with the rising trend of sedentary lifestyles, reduced physical activity, and dietary modifications in recent decades. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hepatic conditions. Therefore, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of various chronic disorders. Since chronic diseases are not completely curable, various methods have been proposed for their control. Complementary therapies and the use of natural antioxidant and antiinflammatory compounds are among these novel approaches. Pycnogenol (PYC) is a natural compound that could control inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, some previous studies have shown that PYC could effectively reduce inflammation through signaling the downstream of insulin receptors, inhibiting the phosphorylation of the serine residues of insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indices through the stimulation of antioxidant pathways, increasing free radical scavenging activities, preventing lipid peroxidation, and protecting the erythrocytes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient individuals, although these effects have not been fully proved. The present study aimed to comprehensively review the evidence concerning the positive physiological and pharmacological properties of PYC, with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of this natural component for enhancing human health.

Application of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells as potential therapeutic tools in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven to have superior potential to be used astherapeutic candidates in various disorders. Nevertheless, the clinical application of these cells have been restricted because of their tumorigenic properties. Increasing evidence has established that the valuable impacts of MSCs are mainly attributable to the paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nanosized double-layer phospholipid membrane vesicles contain various proteins, lipids and miRNAs which mediate cell-to-cell communications. Due to their inferior immunogenicity and tumorigenicity, as well as easier management, EVs have drawn attention as potential cell-free replacement therapy to MSCs. For that reason, herein, we reviewed the recent findings of researches on different MSC-EVs and their effectiveness in the treatment of several autoimmune and rheumatic diseases including multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus as well as Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.

Targeted therapy of tumour microenvironment by gold nanoparticles as a new therapeutic approach.

Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, mortality associated with this malignant disease is still a major challenge in the health system. The tumour microenvironment (TME) provides a proper condition for cancer cells and gives rise to growth and metastasis. The TME is composed of fibroblasts, immune cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), endothelial cells, cytokines, and various factors; each of them has a special role in the process of tumour development. Therefore, the targeted treatment approach using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) due to its unique properties, such as acceptable uptake, drug and ligand loading, low immunogenicity, high permeability, high cytotoxicity for tumour cells, and easy manipulation of particle properties; has had significant results in cancer treatment. In the current review study, we discussed more aspects of TME and associated targeted therapy methods with AuNPs.