ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine the effect of the administration of preoperative ibuprofen on the success of the inferior alveolar nerve block (IAN) in patients with irreversible pulpitis. METHODS: One hundred endodontic emergency patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular posterior tooth randomly received, in a double-blind manner, identical capsules of either 800 mg ibuprofen or placebo 45 minutes before the administration of a conventional IAN block. Access was begun 15 minutes after completion of the IAN block, and all patients had profound lip numbness. Success was defined as no or mild pain (visual analogue scale recordings) on access or initial instrumentation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The success rate for the IAN block was 41% with ibuprofen and 35% with placebo, with no significant difference (P=.57) between the 2 groups. For mandibular posterior teeth, a dose of 800 mg of ibuprofen given 45 minutes before the administration of the IAN block did not result in a statistically significant increase in anesthetic success in patients with irreversible pulpitis.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Dental/methods , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Ibuprofen/therapeutic use , Nerve Block/methods , Premedication/methods , Pulpitis/surgery , Adult , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Bicuspid , Chi-Square Distribution , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Male , Mandible , Mandibular Nerve/drug effects , Molar , Preanesthetic Medication/methods , Prospective Studies , Root Canal Therapy/methods , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
This study characterizes the stiffness of the human forefoot during running. The forefoot stiffness, defined as the ratio of ground reaction moment to angular deflection of the metatarsophalangeal joint, is measured for subjects running barefoot. The joint deflection is obtained from video data, while the ground reaction moment is obtained from force plate and video data. The experiments show that during push-off, the forefoot stiffness rises sharply and then decreases steadily, showing that the forefoot behaves not as a simple spring, but rather as an active mechanism that exhibits a highly time-dependent stiffness. The forefoot stiffness is compared with the bending stiffness of running shoes. For each of four shoes tested, the shoe stiffness is relatively constant and generally much lower than the mean human forefoot stiffness. Since forefoot stiffness and shoe bending stiffness act in parallel (i.e., are additive), the total forefoot stiffness of the shod foot is dominated by that of the human foot.
