Estrategias de intervención motora sobre el control postural en niños y jóvenes con trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión sistemática / Motor intervention strategies on postural control in children and youth with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) posee características variadas con un impacto a nivel social, comunicativo y sensoriomotor (SM). Una característica SM son los problemas sobre el control postural (CP). Variadas son las estrategias de intervención motora (EIM), pero el beneficio sobre el CP es algo que se ha analizado de forma menos amplia. El objetivo fue describir las EIM y sus resultados sobre el CP de niños y adolescentes con TEA. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Cochrane. Un total de ocho artículos cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Todas las EIM mostraron resultados beneficiosos sobre el mejoramiento del CP y fueron de diferente naturaleza (práctica de bailes, actividad física personalizada, videojuegos, Tai Chi Chuan, Taekwondo y realidad virtual). Es necesario mejorar los diseños y considerar los riesgos de sesgos, pues limitan el alcance de los resultados.(AU)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has varied characteristics with an impact at the social, communicative and sensorimotor (SM) level. An SM feature is postural control (PC) problems. There are various motor intervention strategies (MIS), but the benefit over LC is something that has been analyzed less extensively. The objective was to describe the MIS and its results on the PC of children and adolescents with ASD. A search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane was performed. A total of eight articles met the eligibility criteria. All MIS showed beneficial results on the improvement of PC. The MIS were of a varied nature (dance practice, personalized physical activity, video games, Tai Chi Chuan, Taekwondo and virtual reality). It is necessary to improve the designs and consider the risks of bias, since they limit the scope of the results.(AU)

[Motor intervention strategies on postural control in children and youth with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review]. / Estrategias de intervención motora sobre el control postural en niños y jóvenes con trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión sistemática.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has varied characteristics with an impact at the social, communicative and sensorimotor (SM) level. An SM feature is postural control (PC) problems. There are various motor intervention strategies (MIS), but the benefit over LC is something that has been analyzed less extensively. The objective was to describe the MIS and its results on the PC of children and adolescents with ASD. A search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane was performed. A total of eight articles met the eligibility criteria. All MIS showed beneficial results on the improvement of PC. The MIS were of a varied nature (dance practice, personalized physical activity, video games, Tai Chi Chuan, Taekwondo and virtual reality). It is necessary to improve the designs and consider the risks of bias, since they limit the scope of the results.

Modeling the aluminum-doped and single vacancy blue phosphorene interactions with molecules: a density functional theory study.

Structural, electronic, binding energies and magnetic properties of aluminum-doped and single vacancy blue phosphorene interacting with pollutant molecules are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) with periodic boundary conditions. Acetylene, ozone, sulfur trioxide, hydrogen selenide, and sulfur dichloride molecules are considered to show the efficiency and enhancement of the sensing properties in comparison with the pristine blue phosphorene. Acetylene, sulfur trioxide, hydrogen selenide, and sulfur dichloride show chemisorption (> 0.5 eV/molecule) when interacting with the aluminum-doped system, but the ozone molecule dissociates in all configurations and symmetry sites. On the other hand, the acetylene, ozone, and sulfur trioxide with the single vacancy blue phosphorene exhibit chemisorption, the hydrogen selenide molecule exhibit a weak interaction energy, and the sulfur dichloride dissociates in all configurations and symmetry sites. In all the cases, the enhancement in the interaction energy was achieved when compared to other results for the same molecules. Finally, the single vacancy blue phosphorene shows a magnetic moment of ~1 µB/supercell, as induced by the vacancy.

Análisis de la actividad y coordinación motora en ratas con cirugía estereotáxica e implante de cánula en el hipocampo dorsal / Analysis of activity and motor coordination in rats undergoing stereotactic surgery and implantation of a cannula into the dorsal hippocampus

Introducción: La cirugía estereotáxica permite el implante de electrodos o cánulas para estudiar el funcionamiento de diversas estructuras cerebrales a nivel preclínico. El hipocampo ha sido ampliamente estudiado con esta metodología, debido a su participación en desórdenes neurológicos, cognitivos, emocionales y afectivos. Sin embargo, el efecto per se de esta metodología sobre la coordinación y la actividad motora, para identificar o descartar alteraciones neurológicas que pudieran influir en los resultados de protocolos que la utilizan, requiere ser explorado. Métodos: Se evaluó el efecto de la cirugía estereotáxica y el implante de cánula en el hipocampo de ratas hembra Wistar en las pruebas de actividad locomotora, nado y Rota-rod. El análisis estadístico consideró la fase del ciclo estral de las ratas. Resultados:Ninguna de las variables evaluadas en las pruebas de actividad locomotora (cuadros cruzados, tiempo de acicalamiento y conducta vertical), nado (giros, nado lateral, latencia a la primera inmovilidad y tiempo de inmovilidad) o Rota-rod (latencia a la caída), fueron modificadas por la manipulación quirúrgica, en relación con ratas intactas. Independientemente de la manipulación quirúrgica, las ratas en metaestro-diestro cruzaron más cuadros y tuvieron mayor tiempo de inmovilidad, que las ratas en proestro-estro. Conclusión: La cirugía estereotáxica y el implante de cánula en el hipocampo dorsal carecen de efectos sobre la coordinación y la actividad locomotora de la rata, por lo que se descarta algún daño neurológico que pudiera interferir en la interpretación de resultados en protocolos que incluyen esta manipulación experimental (AU)

Introduction: Stereotactic surgery is used to place electrodes or cannulas in the brain in order to study the function of several brain structures in preclinical research. The hippocampus has been extensively studied with this methodology due to its involvement in a wide range of neurological, cognitive, emotional, and affective disorders. However, the effects of stereotactic surgery on coordination and motor activity should be evaluated in order to determine whether this surgical procedure causes any neurological alterations that may bias the results of studies incorporating this technique. Methods: We evaluated the effects of stereotactic surgery and implantation of a cannula into the hippocampus of female Wistar rats on the motor activity, forced swim, and rotarod tests. The stage of the oestrous cycle was included in the statistical analysis. Results: Stereotactic surgery had no impact on any of the motor activity variables assessed in the open field (squares crossed, time spent in grooming, and rearing), forced swim (turning behaviour, lateral swimming, latency to first immobility, and time spent immobile), and rotarod (latency to fall) tests, compared with intact rats. Regardless of surgical manipulation, rats in the metestrus and diestrus stages crossed a greater number of squares and displayed longer immobility times than those in the proestrus and estrus stages. Conclusion: Stereotactic surgery for cannula placement in the dorsal hippocampus does not affect coordination and motor activity in rats. We can therefore conclude that this procedure has no neurological complications that may interfere in the interpretation of results of studies applying this technique (AU)

Analysis of activity and motor coordination in rats undergoing stereotactic surgery and implantation of a cannula into the dorsal hippocampus. / Análisis de la actividad y coordinación motora en ratas con cirugía estereotáxica e implante de cánula en el hipocampo dorsal.

INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic surgery is used to place electrodes or cannulas in the brain in order to study the function of several brain structures in preclinical research. The hippocampus has been extensively studied with this methodology due to its involvement in a wide range of neurological, cognitive, emotional, and affective disorders. However, the effects of stereotactic surgery on coordination and motor activity should be evaluated in order to determine whether this surgical procedure causes any neurological alterations that may bias the results of studies incorporating this technique. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of stereotactic surgery and implantation of a cannula into the hippocampus of female Wistar rats on the motor activity, forced swim, and rotarod tests. The stage of the oestrous cycle was included in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Stereotactic surgery had no impact on any of the motor activity variables assessed in the open field (squares crossed, time spent in grooming, and rearing), forced swim (turning behaviour, lateral swimming, latency to first immobility, and time spent immobile), and rotarod (latency to fall) tests, compared with intact rats. Regardless of surgical manipulation, rats in the metestrus and diestrus stages crossed a greater number of squares and displayed longer immobility times than those in the proestrus and estrus stages. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic surgery for cannula placement in the dorsal hippocampus does not affect coordination and motor activity in rats. We can therefore conclude that this procedure has no neurological complications that may interfere in the interpretation of results of studies applying this technique.

Estudio comparativo de los eventos adversos entre el abordaje posterolateral y lateral directo para artroplastía primaria de cadera no cementada en pacientes mayores de 65 años con fracturas del cuello femoral / Comparative study of adverse events between a posterolateral and a direct lateral approach for uncemented primary hip arthroplasty in patients over 65 years of age with femoral neck fractures

Introducción: Las fracturas del cuello del fémur, constituyen un capítulo muy importante en la práctica de la Traumatología, debido a su alta incidencia principalmente en los pacientes mayores de 65 años, suponiendo cerca de 65% de las intervenciones en Traumatología. Es de vital importancia la funcionalidad temprana de un paciente con fractura del cuello de la cadera, ya que la supervivencia disminuye en los primeros 12 meses. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la evolución trans- y postquirúrgica de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía articular primaria de cadera con el abordaje lateral de Hardinge y el posterolateral de Moore. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron 79 pacientes mayores de 65 años, con fracturas del cuello del fémur y se dividieron en dos grupos según el estudio. Representando al abordaje lateral de Hardinge (32 pacientes) y abordaje posterolateral de Moore (47 pacientes) en el período de Marzo de 2011 a Abril 2013. Resultados: Tomando en consideración las variables estudiadas se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.005) en el número de paquetes transfundidos por pacientes manejados mediante el abordaje lateral directo de Hardinge. Conclusiones: Coincidimos con la literatura en que hay diferencia significativa en la evolución trans- y postquirúrgica de los pacientes con fracturas del cuello del fémur manejado mediante abordaje lateral de Hardinge. Se demostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el número de paquetes transfundidos por paciente, lo cual en nuestro medio representa una mejor utilización de los recursos.

Introduction: Femoral neck fractures represent an important chapter in the practice of Traumatology, due to their high incidence, mainly among patients over 65 years of age; they account for around 65% of surgeries in Traumatology. Early function of patients who sustained a femoral neck fracture is of the utmost importance, as survival decreases within the first 12 months. The purpose of this paper is to compare the intra- and postoperative course of patients who underwent primary hip surgery using Hardinge's direct lateral approach versus Moore's posterolateral approach. Material and methods: 79 patients over 65 years of age with femur fractures were selected and divided into 2 groups according to the approach used. Hardinge's direct lateral approach was used in 32 patients and Moore's posterolateral approach in 47 patients, from March 2011 to April 2013. Results: Considering the variables studied, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.005) was seen in the number of blood units transfused to patients in whom Hardinge's direct lateral approach was used. Conclusions: We agree with the literature in that there is a significant difference in the intra- and post-operative course of patients with femur neck fractures managed using Hardinge's direct lateral approach. A statistically significant difference was seen in the number of blood units transfused per patient, something that in our setting represents better resource utilization.

[Comparative study of adverse events between a posterolateral and a direct lateral approach for uncemented primary hip arthroplasty in patients over 65 years of age with femoral neck fractures]. / Estudio comparativo de los eventos adversos entre el abordaje posterolateral y lateral directo para artroplastía primaria de cadera no cementada en pacientes mayores de 65 años con fracturas del cuello femoral.

INTRODUCTION: Femoral neck fractures represent an important chapter in the practice of Traumatology, due to their high incidence, mainly among patients over 65 years of age; they account for around 65% of surgeries in Traumatology. Early function of patients who sustained a femoral neck fracture is of the utmost importance, as survival decreases within the first 12 months. The purpose of this paper is to compare the intra- and postoperative course of patients who underwent primary hip surgery using Hardinge's direct lateral approach versus Moore's posterolateral approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 79 patients over 65 years of age with femur fractures were selected and divided into 2 groups according to the approach used. Hardinge's direct lateral approach was used in 32 patients and Moore's posterolateral approach in 47 patients, from March 2011 to April 2013. RESULTS: Considering the variables studied, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.005) was seen in the number of blood units transfused to patients in whom Hardinge's direct lateral approach was used. CONCLUSIONS: We agree with the literature in that there is a significant difference in the intra- and post-operative course of patients with femur neck fractures managed using Hardinge's direct lateral approach. A statistically significant difference was seen in the number of blood units transfused per patient, something that in our setting represents better resource utilization.

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en alumnos de medicina y sociología, Universidad de Valparaíso, 2009 / Risk factors prevalence for chronic non-transmissible diseases in medical and sociology students, Universidad de Valparaíso, 2009

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles corresponden a una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en Chile y el mundo. Si bien su etiología es multifactorial, los factores de riesgo para estas enfermedades son susceptibles de ser modificados. Estos actúan por larga data previa a la manifestación de una enfermedad crónica no transmisible, por lo que resulta interesante conocer la prevalencia de estos factores en la población universitaria de distintas áreas de conocimiento, quienes experimentan un cambio en el ritmo de vida que podría afectar sus hábitos. OBJETIVO: Estimar y comparar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en estudiantes de Medicina y Sociología de la Universidad de Valparaíso, en general y estratificado por sexo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio de corte transversal realizado entre julio y octubre de 2009. Se seleccionaron 67 alumnos de cada carrera mediante muestreo estratificado y se aplicó encuesta considerando sexo, edad y hábitos, más la medición de peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, presión arterial y glicemia capilar. Análisis realizado con STATA 10.0, usando pruebas de χ2 y t de Student, considerando p<0,05 e intervalos de confianza de 95 por ciento. RESULTADOS: Se encontró mayor prevalencia de consumo nocivo de alcohol (40,3 por ciento), tabaquismo (44,78 por ciento) y mala alimentación (64,18 por ciento) en Sociología(p=0,004, p<0,0001 y p=0,011, respectivamente); mientras que en Medicina se encontró mayor prevalencia de sedentarismo (73,13 por ciento, p=0,045), existiendo ciertas diferencias por sexo entre ambas carreras. DISCUSIÓN: Los alumnos de Sociología y Medicina presentan diferente prevalencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Se recomienda realizar promoción de estilos de vida saludable en ambos grupos.

INTRODUCTION: Non-transmissible chronic diseases are a main cause of morbimortality in Chile and worldwide. Although its etiology is multifactorial, risk factors for these diseases are likely to be modified. These ones act by long terms of time before the appearance of a non-transmissible chronic disease, so it is interesting to know the prevalence of these factors among students of different areas of knowledge, who changes their lifestyle that could affect their habits. OBJECTIVE: Estimate and compare the prevalence of risk factors for non-transmissible chronic diseases on Universidad de Valparaíso’s Medicine and Sociology students, overall and stratified by sex. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross sectional study was carried out between July and October 2009. A number of 67 students of each career were chosen by stratified sampling. A questionnaire was applied considering sex, age and habits, also anthropometric measures, arterial pressure and capillary blood glucose, were determined. Analysis with STATA 10.0, using χ2 and Student’s t-test, considering p<0.05 and 95 percent confidence interval. RESULTS: We found higher prevalence of harmful consumption of alcohol (40.3 percent),smoking habit (44.78 percent) and bad nutrition (64.18 percent) in Sociology(p=0.004, p<0.0001 y p=0.011, respectively); whereas in Medicine was found a higher prevalence of sedentary lifestyle (73.13 percent, p =0.045), with some differences by sex between both careers. DISCUSSION: Sociology and Medicine students have different prevalence of risk factors for non-transmissible chronic disease. We recommend promoting healthy lifestyles in both groups.

Imaging the thoracic distribution of normal breath sounds.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility to generate a confident image of normal breath sounds (BS) based on the quantitative analysis of multichannel sensors and imaging them in three known clinical classes, i.e., tracheal, bronchial and vesicular, identifying their spatial distribution with high resolution on the posterior thoracic surface. METHODS: Three parametrization techniques, the percentile frequencies, the univariate AR modeling, and the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix were evaluated when applied to BS. These sounds were acquired in twelve healthy subjects by a 5x5 sensor array on the posterior thoracic surface plus the sound at the tracheal position, to obtain feature vectors that fed a supervised multilayer neural network. Based on BS classification rate, the spatial distribution of each BS class was obtained by constructing an image using deterministic interpolation. RESULTS: The univariate AR modeling was the best parametrization technique producing a classification performance of 96% during the validation phase and just 4% of not classified feature vectors. Corresponding values for the percentile frequencies were 92% and 7.7%, whereas for the eigenvalues were 91% and 9.0%. CONCLUSION: This work shows that it is possible to generate confident images associated with the distribution of normal BS classes. Therefore, a detailed image about the spatial distribution of BS in humans might be helpful for detecting lung diseases.

The mechanical properties of red deer antler bone when used in fighting.

We assessed the hydration state of antlers and its effect on antler mechanical properties compared with wet femur. Red deer antlers were removed from the head at various times, from a few days after velvet shedding till late in the season, and weighed weekly until after casting time. Antlers cut just after losing their velvet lost weight rapidly in the first few weeks, then settled down and changed weight very little, the latter changes correlating with air relative humidity. Antlers cut later showed little weight change at any time. The water content of cortical and trabecular parts of the contralateral antler was assessed after cutting. Most of the weight loss was from the cancellous, not the cortical, part of the antler. Wet and dry specimens from the antlers, and wet specimens from deer femora, were tested mechanically. Compared with wet bone, wet antler had a much lower modulus of elasticity and bending strength, but a higher work to fracture. Compared with wet bone, dry antler showed a somewhat lower Young's modulus, but a considerably higher bending strength and a much higher work to fracture. The impact energy absorption of dry antler was much greater than that of wet bone. In red deer, the antler is effectively dry during its use in fights, at least in southern Spain. In addition, dry antler, compared with ordinary bone, shows mechanical properties that suit it admirably for its fighting function.

Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle and swine in central Mexico.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium that can reside undetected in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle because colonization by this bacterium is asymptomatic. Recent research has indicated that swine can carry and transmit this pathogen as well. The development of more advanced and sensitive detection techniques has improved the limit of detection and increased sensitivity for this important pathogen. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle and swine in Mexico with the more sensitive detection technique of immunomagnetic bead separation. Samples (n = 60 per farm) were taken from four cattle and four swine farms (n = 240 cattle samples, n = 240 swine samples) located throughout central Mexico in October 2001. The prevalence of E. coli O157 was found to be only 1.25% on cattle farms and 2.1% on swine farms. The prevalence in cattle in this study is lower than that reported in the United States and could be related to the lower reported prevalence of E. coli O157 in humans in Mexico. However, further research is needed to verify prevalence throughout other regions of Mexico, as well as prevalence during other seasons of the year.

Cell growth in a pinned soap froth.

Experimental kinetic data on soap froth cell growth in a random array of fixed pinning centers is reported. The scaling of our two-dimensional data is analyzed and compared with pinning-free growth. The obtained data agree fairly well with a proposed cell growth law. We also discuss the relationship between the pin concentration and the final cell size.

Identification of peptide sequences specific for serum antibodies from human papillomavirus-infected patients using phage display libraries.

Three random phage display peptide libraries were screened with sera from human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected patients to characterize the specificities of antibodies present in patients' sera and to identify molecules that correspond to or mimic natural epitopes; 141 phage clones were randomly selected in three rounds of bioselection and their binding properties were analyzed in ELISA using sera from 36 patients with confirmed HPV 16 infection and 24 healthy control female blood donors. Sixteen of 36 (44%) patients' sera reacted with at least 1 phage clone, and only 2 of 24 female donors' sera showed positive reaction with 1 of the selected clones. We conclude that the combination of various disease-specific epitopes generated by screening of phage display peptide libraries may potentially lead to a multicomponent diagnostic assay for the early detection of HPV infection and precancerous cervical lesions, making possible the prevention of one of the most common cancers in women.

Dowel space preparation in root canals filled with glass ionomer cement.

The aim of this study was to evaluate post space preparation difficulties in canals filled with Ketac Endo and with Grossman's sealer. Sixty-three single-rooted teeth were prepared using a step-back technique and were divided into four groups: group 1--canals were irrigated with 25% tannic acid and filled with Ketac Endo and a single-cone technique; group 2--canals were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite and fillings done as in the previous group; group 3--canals were irrigated with 25% tannic acid and filled with Ketac Endo and one gutta-percha cone previously adapted with chloroform; and group 4--canals were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite and filled with Grossman's sealer and a lateral condensation technique. After 72 h, canals post space were prepared using Peeso drills. The time required was measured in seconds and analyzed by Tukey multiple comparison test (level 5%). Post space preparation time for groups 1 to 3 was longer than for group 4 and longer for group 1 than for groups 2 to 4.

Apical leakage in canals filled with glass ionomer sealer and gutta-percha after dentin conditioning.

This study assessed in vitro apical leakage in root canals filled with gutta-percha and Ketac-Endo using different dentin conditioning and filling techniques. The root canals of 63 single-rooted teeth were instrumented and randomly divided into the following four groups: group A--canals were irrigated with 25% tannic acid and filled with Ketac-Endo and a standardized gutta-percha cone; group B--canals were irrigated with 1% NaOCl and filled as in group A; group C--canals were irrigated with 25% tannic acid and filled with Ketac-Endo and a chloroform-softened gutta-percha cone adapted to the canal walls; group D--canals were irrigated with 1% NaOCl and filled with Grossman's sealer and laterally condensed gutta-percha. After storage for 72 hours at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity, the gutta-percha was removed to a level 4 mm short of the working length, using a Peeso reamer. Teeth were immersed in India ink for 48 hours and cleared, and the coronal extent of dye penetration examined under a binocular dissecting microscope at x 15 magnification. The mean value of leakage for group A was 0.86 mm, for group B 2.23 mm, for group C 2.34 mm, and for group D 0.56 mm. Tukey's multiple comparison test disclosed significant differences (P < 0.05) between group A and groups B and C, and between group D and groups B and C. Differences between groups A and D, as well as between groups B and C, were not significant.

Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica en el síndrome hemolítico urémico, en niños chilenos: evaluación de diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico de infección / Enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in hemolytic uremic syndrome, in chilean children: evaluation of different technics of infection diagnosis

Enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (EHEC), have been associated with pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide. Our aim was to determine the association of EHEC ing¿fection and HUS in chilean children. During may 1991 and october 1993, 34 children HUS and 33 age matched controls (children with diarrhea that did not develop HUS) were enrolled in a case/control study. For each child a stool and serum sample were obtained at admission. Stools were processed for common enteropathogen and for EHEC identification. EHEC were identified in stools by gene probes for different virulence factors (EHEC plasmid-associated fimbria, Shiga-like toxin I, Shiga-like toxin II and eae adherence factor) and by detection of free fecal toxin by neutralization assay in Vero cells. Sera were processed for anti-cytotoxin antibodies also by an assay in Vero cells. Enteropathogens were isolated in 20.6 percent and 15.5 percent of HUS and control children respectively (p=NS). 91 percent of the HUS children and 73 percent of the control children were EHEC positive by one or more of the techniques used (p=0.05). Of the 3 detection methods used for EHEC, only free fecal cytotoxin was significantly more common in HUS children than controls (45.5 percent vs 9 percent p=0.007). Genotype patterns of HUS and controls strains were similar except for a trend towards a higher frequency of non-toxigenic strains in the control group. Serogroup 0157 was more common in HUS children than in controls (9 percent vs 0 percent p=0.036). In Chile as in other countries, EHEC infection is common and significantly associated with occurrence of HUS. Infection with EHEC strains 0157 seems to be important risk factor for HUS

Grupo sanguíneo P1 y su relación con cicatriz renal en pacientes con infección urinaria / Blood group P1 and its relation to renal cicatrix in patients with urinary infection

En los últimos años se ha insistido en la relación que existiría entre la infección urinaria, la cicatriz renal y el subgrupo sanguíneo P. La infección urinaria, producida la mayoría de las veces por determinados tipos de E. coli tendría importancia en el daño renal dado que la E. coli tiene capacidad de adherirse al epitelio urinario por medio de fimbrias, reconociendo un receptor de estructura química relacionada, a su vez con el subgrupo P. Determinamos el subgrupo P1 en 30 niños con infección urinaria, reflujo vesicoureteral y sin cicatriz renal, comparándolo con otro grupo de igual cantidad de pacientes portadores de infección urinaria y reflujo, pero con cicatriz renal. El grupo P1 se encontró presente en 66,7%de los pacientes sin daño renal y en 56,7%de los que tenían cicatriz renal. Así, pues, no logramos demostrar que el subgrupo P1 sirva como marcador indirecto de riesgo de formación de cicatriz renal, ya que no hubo diferencias entre los dos grupos de pacientes estudiados

Personality profiles and socioeconomic factors in contraceptive use.

The correlation of contraceptive use with socioeconomic factors and personality profiles was examined in a sample of 3060 women by a questionnaire based on the diagnostic criteria of the DMS III. Use of safer contraceptives correlated with several socioeconomic factors, among them, the schooling of the wife had higher significance and explained most of the variance contained in other factors. Women unprotected did not show a distinct personality profile. Indices of compulsion and phobias were significantly different between groups of contraceptive use. Users of injectables showed higher scores of compulsion, whereas IUD users had higher scores of phobias. These results were interpreted to mean that personality profiles partially explain the preference for certain methods.