ABSTRACT
Chemical nature and biological activity of miliacine that is contained in millet oil have been studied. It produces moderate anti-inflammatory effect, stimulates sexual resistance in female rats, increases summary gonadotropic activity of the hypophysis in infantile female rats; in case of acute intoxication with carbon tetrachloride, it promotes normalization of enzyme activity in the liver and blood serum. Miliacine is of practical importance in meat cattle breeding as a growth stimulator. With the use of miliacine the mean daily animal's gain in weight grows, and the coefficient of the food ration digestibility rises. In contrast to other growth stimulators used in cattle breeding miliacine possesses no toxic properties.
Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry , Cattle/growth & development , Edible Grain , Gonadotropins, Pituitary/metabolism , Growth Substances/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Animals , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Female , Growth Substances/chemistry , Male , Mice , Plant Oils/chemistry , Rats , Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology , Triterpenes/chemistrySubject(s)
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/drug therapy , Liver/drug effects , Lysosomes/drug effects , Triterpenes/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Animals , Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/enzymology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Liver/enzymology , Lysosomes/enzymology , Male , Panicum , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Multiple molecular forms of aspartate, alanine, glutamate, malate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases were studied in the course of Candida albicans growth using electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The isozyme spectrum and the activity of dehydrogenases were found to depend on the cultural age and the cofactor being used (NAD or NADP). The protein-antigenic spectrum and the composition of multiple molecular forms of dehydrogenases were compared in C. albicans in the course of its growth in order to characterize more completely the properties of the culture at a certain growth phase.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/analysis , Candida albicans/enzymology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/analysis , Glutamate Dehydrogenase/analysis , Malate Dehydrogenase/analysis , Alanine Dehydrogenase , Antigens, Fungal/analysis , Candida albicans/immunology , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Fungal Proteins/analysis , Immunoelectrophoresis , Isoenzymes/analysisABSTRACT
Changes in the fractional composition of lipids isolated from millet, rice and semolina artificially infected with the microscopic fungus Fusarium sporotrichiella Bilai were followed. The lipid complex was found to undergo marked changes and to yield toxic sterololactones.
Subject(s)
Edible Grain/microbiology , Food Microbiology , Fusarium/pathogenicity , Lipids/analysis , Animals , Lactones/toxicity , Lipids/toxicity , Oryza/analysis , Panicum/analysis , Rabbits , Skin Tests , Sterols/toxicity , Triticum/analysisABSTRACT
The chemical composition and biological action of a new food dyestuff separated from the grain sorhum film were studied. From 1 kg of the grain sorhum 169--248 g of the film are retrieved; and from this it is possible to obtain from 17 to 40 g of a flavonoid dyestuff that consists of cyanadine, quercitrol and pelargonidine. The dyestuff can be utilized in the food industry in preparing bisquit cream products, caramels and fruit starch jellies. Biological investigations with applied testing methods proved the dyestuff to be non-toxic: its introduction to animals for six months did not produce any morphological changes in the tissues of the liver, kidneys, thyroid and pancreatic glands, nor did it affect the content of glycogen in the hepatic tissues.
Subject(s)
Edible Grain , Food Coloring Agents/toxicity , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Female , Food Coloring Agents/isolation & purification , Leukocytes/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Male , Mice , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The chromatographic method for determining the toxicity of the cereal crop grain affected by micromycates F. sporotrichiella is proposed. The method is based on the separation of the lipids extracted from the grain under examination in a thin layer of the silica gel and detection on the chromatogram of two toxic fractions with Rf-0.06 and 1.22 fluorecent in the UV-light by emitting greyish-green and emerald-green coloured light. The chromatographic method is more sensitive, visually obvious and quicker by comparison with the biological ones.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods , Edible Grain/toxicity , Fusarium , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
The effect of the mycotoxin of Fusarium sporotrichiella v. sporotrichioides (sporofusarin) was studied in vitro on the total and nonsedimenting activity of eight lysosomal enzymes: acid ribonuclease, aryl sulfatases A and B, beta-glucuronidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidases, beta-glucosidase, beta-acetylglucosaminidase, and alpha-mannosidase. Incubation of a suspension of rat liver lysosomes with an aqueous solution of sporofusarin led to inhibition of the total activity of the membrane-bound lysosomal enzyme beta-glucosidase. In a dose of only 1.6 x 10-5 M sporofusarin caused a significant increase in the nonsedimenting activity of nearly all the enzymes; in a concentration of 1.6 x 10-3 M most of the enzymes of the lysosomal matrix (beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, aryl sulfatases A and B) were liberated almost completely into the supernatant, and nearly all the beta-glucosidase also was liberated. It is postulated that damage to the subcellular membranes is an important component of the toxic action of sporofusarin.
