Relación del retraso de la lactogénesis II con la percepción materna de leche insuficiente: un estudio longitudinal / Relationship of Delayed Lactogenesis II to Maternal Perception of Insufficient Milk: a longitudinal study

Objetivo: Analizar la relación del retraso de la lactogénesisII con la percepción materna de leche insuficiente. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional longitudinal prospectivo, multicéntrico. Se obtuvieron datos al alta y entre 1 y 5meses posparto sobre la percepción de leche insuficiente y las variables relacionadas mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado y el posterior seguimiento postal y online. Para el desarrollo del modelo explicativo, se realizó un análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: Participaron un total de 260 puérperas. El 31,9% de ellas percibieron leche insuficiente y el 23,6% presentaron retraso de la lactogénesisII. Durante el ingreso posparto, se relacionó con la percepción materna de leche insuficiente el retraso de la lactogénesisII (OR=2,26; IC95%=1,07-4,79), la dificultad para amamantar (OR=1,02; IC95%=1,00-1,03) y la ayuda de los profesionales en la lactancia (OR=0,70; IC95%=0,50-0,97). Conclusiones: La aparición de dificultades en la lactancia durante el ingreso posparto y al alta, especialmente cuando existe un retraso de la lactogénesisII, deben considerarse indicadores de riesgo, que sugieren la necesidad de un apoyo adicional a los cuidados estandarizados. La percepción de leche insuficiente es un indicador adecuado para evaluar la calidad del apoyo profesional a la lactancia en intervenciones de mejora.(AU)

Aim: To analyze the relationship of delayed lactogenesisII with maternal perception of insufficient milk. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, longitudinal observational study was conducted. Data were obtained at discharge and between 1 and 5months postpartum on the perception of insufficient milk and related variables, by means of a self-administered questionnaire, and subsequent postal and online follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop the explanatory model. Results: A total of 260 puerperal mothers participated. Of these, 31.9% had insufficient milk and 23.6% had delayed lactogenesisII. During postpartum admission, delayed lactogenesis II (OR=2.26; 95%CI=1.07-4.79), difficulty in breastfeeding (OR=1.02; 95%CI=1.00-1.03), and professional help in breastfeeding (OR=0.70; 95%CI=0.50-0.97) were associated with maternal perception of insufficient milk.Conclusions: The occurrence of breastfeeding difficulties during postpartum admission and at discharge, especially when there is delayed lactogenesisII, should be considered risk indicators, suggesting the need for additional support to standardized care. The perception of insufficient milk is a suitable indicator to assess the quality of professional breastfeeding support in improvement interventions.(AU)

Relationship of delayed lactogenesis II to maternal perception of insufficient milk: A longitudinal study.

AIM: To analyze the relationship of delayed lactogenesis II with maternal perception of insufficient milk. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter, longitudinal observational study was conducted. Data were obtained at discharge and between 1 and 5 months postpartum on the perception of insufficient milk and related variables, by means of a self-administered questionnaire, and subsequent postal and online follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop the explanatory model. RESULTS: A total of 260 puerperal mothers participated. Of these, 31.9% had insufficient milk and 23.6% had delayed lactogenesis II. During postpartum admission, delayed lactogenesis II (OR = 2.26; 95%CI = 1.07-4.79), difficulty in breastfeeding (OR = 1.02; 95%CI = 1.00-1.03), and professional help in breastfeeding (OR = 0.70; 95%CI = 0.50-0.97) were associated with maternal perception of insufficient milk. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of breastfeeding difficulties during postpartum admission and at discharge, especially when there is delayed lactogenesis II, should be considered risk indicators, suggesting the need for additional support to standardized care. The PIM is a suitable indicator to assess the quality of professional breastfeeding support in improvement interventions.

Effectiveness of music therapy and progressive muscle relaxation in reducing stress before exams and improving academic performance in Nursing students: A randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Nursing students experiencing high stress levels before exams could suffer worse academic performance. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated an intervention combining Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and music therapy on the decrease of before exams stress and the improvement of academic results. DESIGN AND METHODS: Randomized controlled trial including students from the Nursing Degree during the first semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. All participants were randomized to the control (CG) or the experimental group (EG). The CG took the exam as usual whereas in the EG, PMR and music therapy were performed before exams. Blood samples were drawn to investigate variations in biochemical parameters. The academic performance was assessed by the score obtained in the "Clinical Nursing" exam. RESULTS: We included 112 students (75% females, mean age 24.3 ±â€¯6.2 years, 56 students in every group). There were no differences in any parameter during the first measurement. Regarding the second measurement, we observed a reduction in heart rate for the EG and an increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol for the CG. Indeed, these parameters were significantly higher compared to the EG. The EG had a mean score of 5.07 ±â€¯1.59 in the Clinical Nursing exam, which was significantly higher compared to the CG (4.42 ±â€¯1.58, p = 0.033). The proportion of fails in the CG was also higher (62.5% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: In this study including students from the Nursing degree, the combination of PMR and music therapy was effective for the control and decrease of stress before exams, and also demonstrated improvements in academic results.

Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Pregnancy-Related Thoughts Scale.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt the Pregnancy-Related Thoughts Scale into Spanish (Spanish PRTS) and evaluate its psychometric properties. DESIGN: Instrument translation (Phase 1), validation, and psychometric testing (Phase 2). SETTING: Phase 2 was conducted in three general hospitals in eastern Spain. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 180 women during the third trimester of pregnancy participated in Phase 2. METHODS: After a standard process of linguistic validation in Phase 1, we used the Spanish PRTS with other instruments to evaluate its psychometric properties in Phase 2. The participants completed a battery of questionnaires during prenatal visits in the third trimester (28-42 weeks gestation) at health care centers. Responses to the postnatal depression questionnaire were obtained through an online questionnaire between the first and third months after childbirth. We evaluated the factor structure; reliability; and convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the Spanish PRTS. RESULTS: The Spanish PRTS had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .81 and McDonald's omega coefficient of .82. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the best adjustment of the scale was one factor with two pairs of correlated residuals. The Spanish PRTS scores were positively correlated to scores on pregnancy worries, state and trait anxiety, fatigue, symptoms of postnatal depression, and poor quality of life and inversely correlated to scores on self-efficacy for coping with stress. CONCLUSION: The findings support the validity and reliability of the Spanish PRTS to evaluate pregnancy-related anxiety; this tool can be used to measure outcomes of interventions for the prevention or treatment of women's anxiety during pregnancy.

Midwives and gynecologists: knowledge about sterile water injections for pain relief in labor.

Presently, there is great interest in nonpharmacologic methods of pain relief during labor. The aim of this study was to determine whether gynecologists and midwives are aware of the use of sterile water injections for pain relief during childbirth, whether they use this pain relief method, and if not, would they do so in the future. We designed a quantitative, observational, descriptive, prospective and transversal study. Study participants were recruited from the 16th Health Department of Alicante, Spain. The data collection method used was a questionnaire of self-realization. The most relevant results indicate that those with less working experience (8.06 ± 6.82 years) used the technique most often compared with the group with more working experience (16.92 ± 11.90 years; p = .04). The results determined that women have more knowledge about the technique (79.3%), whereas only 33.3% of men are aware of it (p = .02). The results of this study showed a lack of knowledge regarding this technique, as well as educational interest in the fact that women have more knowledge than men. Increased use was observed in younger, less experienced professionals.