ABSTRACT
The tubercular disease (TB) is "the disease of poverty and people in need", spread in the poorest countries and among the less wealthy people of the western world (immigrants). In Italy the health authority has recently defined precise diagnostic and therapeutic patterns for TB. The social and health Association Naga in Milan with the Regional Reference Centre for TB, designed a screening system. In Naga's surgery all the undocumented immigrants, coming to Italy from countries with high TB incidence (> 100/100000) and high immigration rates, are screened by a questionnaire created by the Swiss Lung League; the suspect cases are sent to a designed centre for a second level of investigation. The use of this form allows to set a first selection based on the patients' anamnestic history, thus avoiding the intradermal reaction that, due to its low selectivity, could cause a 4 times higher crowding of the designed secondary centers.
Subject(s)
Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening , Poverty/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Congresses as Topic , Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Incidence , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Mass Chest X-Ray , Mass Screening/methods , Middle Aged , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The authors report their experience on treatment or cryptorchidism with synthetic LHRH intranasally sprayed in a selected group of prepubertal boys (58 cases with 75 undescended testes). The success rate of the present study, in the patients with pretreatment testicular position at or below the external annulus, was 36% (24/66 testes). Indications for hormonal therapy are related to the position of the testis before treatment.
Subject(s)
Cryptorchidism/drug therapy , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage , Administration, Intranasal , Child , Child, Preschool , Cryptorchidism/classification , Drug Evaluation , Humans , Infant , Male , Testis/drug effectsABSTRACT
Fertility of operated monolateral Cryptorchides has been evaluated in a long term follow up comparing the patients who underwent orchidopexy with patients who underwent orchiectomy. From our experience, as well as from various Author's reports, patients who underwent orchiectomy demonstrated a two fold of fertility compared to the group who underwent orchidopexy.
