ABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate the effect of the systemic administration of azi-thromycin (AZM) as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on the clinical and microbiological variables of patients with periodontitis. Material and Methods: Eighteen volunteers received NSPT combined with placebo or AZM (500 mg/day) for 3 days (n=9/group). They were monitored clinically for probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), O'Leary index (OI), bleeding on probing (BoP) at baseline and during the first, third and sixth month and microbiologically, at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after therapy, by conventional polymerase chain reaction tests. Results: Fourteen patients completed the study (n=7/group). Differences statistically significant were observed among both groups. The experimental group presented: A PPD mean (p=0.04) significantly lower and PPD reduction (p=0.02), at 6-months post NSPT. Regarding changes (∆), at the third month post NSPT, there was a significant increase in the number of shallow sites (p<0.001) and a decrease in the intermediate sites (p<0.001). In addition, a significant decrease in the mean number of deep sites (p=0.04) was detected at 6 months post treatment. There was also a significant decrease in periodontal index BoP at 1 (p=0.01), 3 (p<0.001) and 6 (p=0.01) months and OI at 3- and 6-months (p<0.001), post treatment. Regarding the presence of periodontal pathogens, no significant differences were observed, intra and inter groups. Conclusion: AZM as an adjuvant to NSPT provides additional beneficial effects for PPD and BoP compared to NSPT alone.
Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la administración sistémica de azitromicina (AZM) como coadyuvante de la terapia periodontal no quirúrgica (TPNQ) en las variables clínicas y microbiológicas de pacientes con periodontitis. Material y Métodos: Dieciocho voluntarios recibieron TPNQ combinado con placebo o AZM (500 mg/día) durante 3 días (n=9/grupo). Fueron monitoreados clínicamente para determinar Profundidad de Sondaje del Saco (PSS), Nivel de Inserción Clínica (NIC), Índice de O'Leary (IO), Sangrado al sondaje (SS) al inicio y durante el primer, tercer y sexto mes y microbiológicamente, al inicio y a los 3 y 6 meses después de la terapia, mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa convencional. Resultados: Catorce pacientes completaron el estudio (n=7/grupo). Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos. El grupo experimental presentó una media de PSS significativamente menor (p=0,04) y una reducción de PSS (p=0,02), a los 6 meses post TPNQ. En cuanto al delta (∆) pre y post tratamiento, al tercer mes post TPNQ, hubo un aumento significativo en el número de sitios poco profundos (p<0.001) y una disminución en los sitios intermedios (p<0.001). Además, se detectó una disminución significativa en la media de los sitios profundos (p=0.04) a los 6 meses post tratamiento. También hubo una disminución significativa en el índice SS al primer (p=0.01), tercer (p<0. 0 01) y sexto mes (p=0.01) post TPNQ y del IO al tercer y sexto mes (p<0.001), post tratamiento. En cuanto a la presencia de patógenos periodontales, no se observaron diferencias significativas tanto intra como ínter grupos. Conclusión: AZM como adyuvante a TPNQ proporciona efectos benéficos adicionales en la PSS y SS en comparación a TPNQ solo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Periodontal Diseases/drug therapy , Periodontitis/therapy , Azithromycin/administration & dosage , Periodontal Debridement/methods , Periodontal Index , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Didimosphenia geminata ("didymo"), has become a powerful and devastating river plague in Chile. A system was developed in D. geminata channels with the purpose evaluating the effects of water polluted with didymo on the activation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spermatozoa. Results indicate that semen, when activated with uncontaminated river water had an average time of 60±21s. When using Powermilt, (a commercial activator), times of 240±21s are achieved, while rivers contaminated with D. geminata achieve a motility time of 30±12s. Interestingly enough, the kinetic parameters of VSL, VCL and VAP showed no significant changes under all of the conditions. Furthermore, the presence of D. geminata reduces activation time of the samples as the cells age, indicating increased effects in spermatozoa that are conserved for more than 5 days. D. geminata has antioxidant content, represented by polyphenols; 200ppm of polyphenol were obtained in this study per 10g of microalgae. Spermatozoa exposed to these extracts showed a reduction in mobility time in a dose dependent manner, showing an IC50 of 15ppm. The results suggest an effect on spermatozoa activation, possibly due to the release of polyphenols present in contaminated rivers, facilitating the alteration of sperm motility times, without affecting the viability or kinetics of the cells. These findings have important implications for current policy regarding the control of the algae. Current control measures focus on the number of visible species, and not on the compounds that they release, which this study shows, also have a problematic effect on salmon production.
Subject(s)
Diatoms/metabolism , Fresh Water/chemistry , Salmo salar/physiology , Spermatozoa/physiology , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Diatoms/chemistry , Male , Microscopy, Confocal , Polyphenols/metabolism , Polyphenols/pharmacology , Rivers/chemistry , Sperm Motility/drug effects , Sperm Motility/physiology , Spermatozoa/drug effectsABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de la activación sónica y ultrasónica del ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) al 10% para remover barrillo dentinario en el tercio apical y el grado de erosión producido sobre las paredes del canal radicular. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo experimental in vitro. Se instrumentaron 40 dientes manualmente con la técnica step-back hasta lima maestra número 55 y fueron asignados a 4 grupos según protocolo de irrigación final: I: agua destilada estéril sin activación, II: EDTA 10% sin activación por 30 segundos, III: EDTA 10% activado sónicamente por 30 segundos y IV: EDTA 10% activado ultrasónicamente por 30 segundos. Las muestras fueron observadas en MEB a una magnificación de 5000X. Se evaluó la presencia de barrillo dentinario remanente y grado de erosión según criterios de Torabinejad et al. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y Post Hoc de Tukey con un nivel de significancia 5% (p=0,05). El grupo I (agua sin activación) presentó mayor cantidad de barrillo que el resto de los grupos (p<0,01). En cuanto a la presencia de barrillo, entre los grupos II (EDTA sin activación), III (EDTA con sonido) y IV (EDTA con ultrasonido) no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En cuanto a la erosión, el grupo II presentó una mayor erosión que el resto siendo significativa con los grupos I y III (p=0,006). Entre los grupos I, III y IV no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La activación sónica y ultrasónica del EDTA 10% no produjo una remoción de barrillo significativamente superior al compararlo con la irrigación convencional, pero sí hubo diferencias en cuanto a erosión, siendo menor con la activación sónica
The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of passive sonic and ultrasonic irrigation with 10% Ethilenediaminotetracethic acid (EDTA) on smear layer of the apical third of instrumented root canals as well as the level of erosion produced on the canal walls. For this quantitative experimental in vitro study 40 teeth were hand instrumented with step back technique until master file num 55 and divided in four groups according to the final irrigation protocol: I: distilled water without activation, II: 10% EDTA for 30 seconds without activation, III: 10% EDTA sonic activated for 30 seconds, IV: 10% EDTA ultrasonic activated for 30 seconds. Samples were prepared for MEB observation at 5000X. The presence of smear layer and erosion on dentine walls was quantified according to Torabinejad et al. criteria. Data were submitted at Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey Post Hoc with a significance level of 5% (P=0.05). When evaluating the smear layer presence, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups II, III and IV. Group I had a highest amount of smear layer (p<0.01). As for erosion, group II showed higher erosion than the others, being significant with groups I and III (p=0.006). Among groups I, III and IV there were not statistically significant differences. Sonic and ultrasonic activation of EDTA 10% did not produce a significantly superior removal of smear layer when compared with conventional irrigation. Erosion of root canal walls was significantly lower after sonic activation
