ABSTRACT
Over the years, synthetic biology has been growing with the use of engineered yeast strains for the production of sustainable ingredients to meet global healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing and environmental challenges. However, as seen from the brewing industry perspective, these processes generate a substantial amount of spent yeast that contains high nutritional value related to its high protein content, showing its potential to be used as an alternative protein source. Taking into account the rising demand for protein because of the growth in the global population, the present study aims to produce peptide-rich extracts by different potentially scalable and sustainable methodologies in a circular economy approach for the food and nutraceutical industries. The results demonstrated that extraction from genetically modified strains allowed the production of extracts with an excellent nutritional profile and low molecular weight peptides. Furthermore, autolysis was shown to be a potential sustainable approach for this production, though other green metrics need to be explored in order to establish this process at an industrial level.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Urinary incontinence affects up to one third of women in Portugal. Exercise can be a precipitating/aggravating factor but also protective, if appropriate. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women who practice recreational exercise, to assess its relationship with the type of exercise and other coexisting risk factors, and assess whether the topic is addressed in gyms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study using self-reported questionnaires in gyms in Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety women completed the questionnaires. From these, 67.6% were under 40 years old, 25.2% reported incontinence, and 53.4% had at least one risk factor unrelated to exercise. There was a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) between incontinence, obesity and constipation. High impact exercises were included in the training of 62.1% continent and 50.9% incontinent women. The topic of incontinence and strengthening of the pelvic floor muscles was addressed in only 5.5% in the initial assessment, 9.7% in collective training, and in 13.5% of the 37 women with individualized training. DISCUSSION: The higher proportion of continent women - compared to incontinent - who practiced strenuous exercise suggests that this might be a provocative factor for some, although there was no statistically significant association between incontinence and type of exercise. CONCLUSION: Urinary incontinence affects women who practice recreational exercise, regardless of age and exercise characteristics. It is rarely addressed in gyms, and it is necessary to raise the awareness of professionals to enhance the preventive/therapeutic effects of exercise on the function of the pelvic floor and in the control of modifiable risk factors.
Introdução: A incontinência urinária afeta até um terço das mulheres em Portugal. O exercício pode ser fator precipitante/de exacerbação, mas também protetor, se for adequado. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a prevalência de incontinência urinária em mulheres praticantes de exercício recreativo, avaliar a relação com o tipo de exercício e outros fatores de risco coexistentes, e aferir se o tema é abordado nos ginásios.Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal através de questionários de auto-preenchimento em ginásios do Porto e Vila Nova de Gaia.Resultados: Duzentas e noventa mulheres completaram os questionários. Destas, 67,6% tinham menos de 40 anos, 25,2% referiam incontinência e 53,4% tinham pelo menos um fator de risco não relacionado com exercício. Verificou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre incontinência, obesidade e obstipação. Exercícios de alto impacto eram incluídos nos treinos de 62,1% das mulheres continentes e 50,9% das incontinentes. O tema incontinência e fortalecimento muscular do pavimento pélvico foi abordado em apenas 5,5% na avaliação inicial, 9,7% em treinos coletivos e em 13,5% das 37 mulheres com treinos individuais.Discussão: A maior proporção de mulheres continentes, comparativamente às incontinentes, que praticavam exercício extenuante, sugere que este era um fator provocativo para algumas, não se verificando, contudo, uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre incontinência e tipo de exercício.Conclusão: A incontinência urinária afeta mulheres praticantes de exercício recreativo, independentemente da idade e características do exercício. É raramente abordada nos ginásios, sendo necessário sensibilizar os profissionais para potenciar os efeitos preventivos/terapêuticos do exercício na função do pavimento pélvico e no controlo de fatores de risco modificáveis.
Subject(s)
Urinary Incontinence, Stress , Urinary Incontinence , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise , Exercise Therapy , Female , Humans , Pelvic Floor , Urinary Incontinence/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Abstract Geographical variation on hip fractures (HF) may be related to the geographical variation of drinking water composition (DWC); minerals in drinking water may contribute to its fragility. We aim to investigate the effects of DWC on HF risk in Portugal (2000-2010). From National Hospital Discharge Register we selected admissions of patients aged ≥50 years, diagnosed with HF caused by low/moderate energy traumas. Water components and characteristics were selected at the municipality level. A spatial generalized additive model with a negative binomial distribution as a link function was used to estimate the association of HF with variations in DWC. There were 96,905HF (77.3% in women). The spatial pattern of HF risk was attenuated after being adjusted for water parameters. Results show an indirect association between calcium, magnesium, and iron and HF risk but no clear relation between aluminum, cadmium, fluoride, manganese, or color and HF risk. Regarding pH, the 6.7pH and 7pH interval seems to pose a lower risk. Different dose-response relationships were identified. The increase of calcium, magnesium, and iron values in DWC seems to reduce regional HF risk. Long-term exposure to water parameters, even within the regulatory limits, might increase the regional HF risk.
Resumo A variabilidade espacial existente na fratura do colo do fêmur (FCF) pode estar relacionada com a variabilidade geográfica da composição da água para consumo (CAC), devido à ação dos minerais na fragilidade óssea. O objetivo do artigo foi investigar o efeito da CAC no risco de FCF em Portugal (2000-2010). Do registo nacional de altas hospitalares, foram selecionadas todas as admissões em indivíduos ≥50, com diagnóstico de FCF causado por trauma de baixo/moderado impacto. Os componentes e características da água foram usados ao nível do município. Um modelo espacial aditivo generalizado, com a distribuição binomial negativa como função de ligação, foi usado para estimar a associação de FCF e as variações da CAC. Foram selecionadas 96.905 FCF (77,3% em mulheres). O padrão espacial de risco de FCF foi atenuado após ser ajustado pelos parâmetros da CAC. Os resultados mostraram uma associação indireta com cálcio, magnésio e ferro. No entanto, com alumínio, cádmio, fluoreto, manganês e cor, a associação com o risco não foi clara. O intervalo de pH de 6,7 a 7 parece apresentar um menor risco. Foram identificadas diferentes dose-resposta. O aumento do cálcio, magnésio e ferro na CAC parece reduzir o risco regional de FCF. Uma exposição a longo prazo, mesmo obedecendo aos limites impostos por lei, parece aumentar o risco regional de FCF.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Osteogenesis Imperfecta , Drinking Water , Water Quality , Femoral Fractures , MineralsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate, through a spatio-temporal analysis, the association between the percentages of live births of adolescent mothers (LBAM) and the human development index (HDI), including the three components: income, education and longevity. METHODS: The percentage of LBAM was obtained from the Brazilian Live Births Information System for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil in the period 2000-2015 and the HDI data and its components were obtained from United Nations Development Program's (UNDP) Human Development Reports. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to estimate the relative risk of LBAM in relation to the HDI and to identify spatial clusters of the geographical distribution of LBAM, the Moran global and local index was used. RESULTS: There is an association between the HDI and its components with LBAM. The high values of relative risk are spatially concentrated in the northern part of the state of Minas Gerais. The graphs indicated a nonlinear relationship between LBAM over the years. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong spatial dependence of LBAM in Minas Gerais, which suggests that a geographical location plays a fundamental role in understanding it. The regional disparity confirmed in this study is inherent in the process of human development, it is important for planning actions aimed at the development of these regions in order to minimize existing disparities.
ABSTRACT
The Strecker aldehydes formed during the reaction between α-amino acids (phenylalanine or methionine) and either gallic acid, caffeic acid or (+)-catechin ortho-quinones were evaluated in wine-model systems. It was demonstrated that phenylacetaldehyde was formed by quinone intermediates at wine pH. The highest amounts of phenylacetaldehyde during the 10days of experiment (69±5µg/L/day; 7x>Control) were obtained from (+) catechin, followed by gallic acid (61±4µg/L/day; 6x>Control) and caffeic acid (41±4µg/L/day; 4x>Control). The intermediate structures delivered from the reaction of ortho-quinones with α-amino acids were demonstrated by MSn.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/chemistry , Indicators and Reagents/chemistry , Quinones/chemistry , Wine/analysis , Oxidation-ReductionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic factors may influence changes in hip fracture (HF) incidence over time. We analysed HF temporal trends during the Bone and Joint Decade in Portugal (BJD-Portugal), 2000-2010, by regional socioeconomic status (SES), sex and age. METHODS: We selected registers of patients aged 50+ years with HF (International Classification of Diseases, V.9-Clinical Modification, ICD9-CM) caused by traumas of low/moderate energy, from the National Hospital Discharge Database. Annual time series of age-specific incidence rates were calculated by sex and regional SES (deprived, medium, affluent). Generalised additive models were fitted to identify shape/turning points in temporal trends. RESULTS: We selected 96â 905 HF (77.3% in women). Women were older than men at admission (81.2±8.5 vs 78.2±10.1â years-old, p<0.001). For women 65-79â years, a continuously decreasing trend (1.7%/year) only in affluent and increasing trends (3.3-3.4%/year) after 2006/2007 in medium and deprived was observed. For men, trends were stable or increased in almost all age/SES groups (only two decreasing periods). For the oldest women, all SES present similar trends: turning points around 2003 (initiating decreasing periods: 1.8-2.9%/year) and around 2007 (initiating increasing periods: 3.7-3.3%/year). CONCLUSIONS: There were SES-sex-age inequalities in temporal trends during BJD-Portugal: marked SES inequalities among women aged 65-79â years (a persistent, decreasing trend only in the affluent) vanished among the oldest women; the same was not observed in men, for them, there were almost no declining periods; women aged ≥80â years, presented increasing trends around 2007, as in most deprived/age/sex groups. Despite some successful periods of decreasing trends, incidence rates did not improve overall in almost all age groups and both sexes.
Subject(s)
Health Status Disparities , Hip Fractures/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Portugal/epidemiology , RegistriesABSTRACT
Although phenolics are recognized to be related with health benefits by limiting lipid oxidation, in wine, they are the primary substrates for oxidation resulting in the quinone by-products with the participation of transition metal ions. Nevertheless, high quality Port wines require a period of aging in either bottle or barrels. During this time, a modification of sensory properties of wines such as the decrease of astringency or the stabilization of color is recognized to phenolic compounds, mainly attributed to anthocyanins and derived pigments. The present work aims to illustrate the oxidation of red Port wine based on its phenolic composition by the effect of both thermal and oxygen exposures. A kinetic approach toanthocyanins degradation was also achieved. For this purpose a forced red Port wine aging protocol was performed at four different storage temperatures, respectively, 20, 30, 35 and 40°C, and two adjusted oxygen saturation levels, no oxygen addition (treatment I), and oxygen addition (treatment II). Three hydroxycinnamic esters, three hydroxycinnamic acids, three hydroxybenzoic acids, two flavan-3-ols, and six anthocyanins were quantitated weekly during 63days, along with oxygen consumption. The most relevant phenolic oxidation markers were anthocyanins and catechin-type flavonoids, which had the highest decreases during the thermal and oxidative red Port wine process. Both temperature and oxygen treatments affected the rate of phenolic degradation. In addition, temperature seems to influence mostly the phenolics kinetic degradation.
ABSTRACT
Determinar la utilidad del azul de metileno en el diagnóstico endoscópico de la duodenitis por Giardia. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, aleatorio, donde se incluyeron 52 pacientes sintomáticos (9 hombres y 43 mujeres), mayores de 18 años del Hospital Dr. Domingo Luciani en el lapso entre julio y octubre de 2001. A toda la población se le realizó una historia clínica, examen seriado de heces y duodenoscopia durante la cual se tomó muestra de aspirado duodenal, citología-cepillado de la mucosa duodenal y biopsia. Se realizó cromoendoscopia con azul de metileno y se observaron los diferentes patrones de la mucosa duodenal. Se estableció el diagnóstico de giardiasis en 8 de los 52 pacientes (15,38 por ciento). Los síntomas de mayor sensibilidad para el diagnóstico de Giardia fueron: epigastralgia (100 por ciento), distensión abdominal (75 por ciento) y flatulencia (75 por ciento), sin embargo el valor predictivo positivo fue bajo: 17,34, 15,78, y 13,33 por ciento respectivamente. Encontramos que para la detección de granulaciones la concordancia interobservador era moderada con un promedio de Kappa de 0,56 y que aumentaba con la tinción a un rango sustancial 0,65. El patrón endoscópico grado 4 tiene la mayor sensibilidad y especificidad (37,5 y 81,81 por ciento) respectivamente con un valor predictivo positivo de 27,27 por ciento y un valor predictivo negativo de 87,87 por ciento. Posterior a la tinción la sensibilidad del patrón de granulaciones se mantuvo en 37,5 por ciento con un descenso en la especificidad a 75 por ciento. La cromoendoscopia con azul de metileno de la mucosa duodenal no mejora significativamente el diagnóstico endoscópico de duodenitis giardiásica
