ABSTRACT
Several synthetic dyes are used by textile industry for supplying the market of colored clothes. However, these chemicals have been associated with a variety of adverse human health effects, including textile dermatitis. Thus, there is a growing concern to identify textile dyes potentially as skin immunotoxicants. The aim of this in vitro study was to characterize the immunotoxic potential of reactive (Reactive Green 19 [RG19], Reactive Blue 2 [RB2], Reactive Black 5 [RB5]) and disperse (Disperse Red 1 [DR1]) textile dyes using a dermal cell line. For this purpose, a cell-based approach was conducted with immortalized human keratinocytes (KC) (HaCaT) using selected biomarkers of cutaneous inflammation including modulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), oxidative stress such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and inflammatory cytokine profile. DR1 was the only dye able to trigger an immune response such as release of IL-12 cytokine, a potent co-stimulator of T helper 1 cell, which may be considered as a skin immunotoxicant. The reactive dyes including RB5 that were previously reported as skin sensitizers failed to induce inflammatory reactions under the conditions tested. The reactive dyes studied may pose a risk to human KC by induction of effects related to modulation of MMP-2 (RB5) and -9 (RB5 and RB2) and generation of ROS (RG19 and RB2). Thus, all these dyes need to be used with caution to avoid undesirable effects to consumers who may be exposed dermally.
Subject(s)
Coloring Agents/toxicity , Immunotoxins/immunology , Keratinocytes/drug effects , Textile Industry , Administration, Cutaneous , Cell Line , Humans , Keratinocytes/immunologyABSTRACT
Background: Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is locally aggressive, fast growing, highly malignant tumor that affects humans and dogs. Affected dogs usually are presented with generalized edema, pain, erythema, and skin ulceration in mammary glands. Surgery is not recommended and an effective treatment has not been established [1]. Calcarea carbonica derivative complex (M8) has demonstrated anticancer properties in a murine model, by improving innate immune response against tumor cells [2,3]. M8 is a complex high diluted medication comprised of a 10%-20% concentration of Calcarea carbonica, Aconitum napellus, Arsenicum album, Asa foetida, Conium maculatum, Ipecacuanha, Phosphorus, Rhus tox, Silicea, Sulphur, and Thuya occidentalis, all in decimal dilutions of Hahnemann in distilled water and submitted to vigorous shaking. Aim: Describe an association of M8 and piroxicam (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) to treat a dog with IMC. Discussion: A 7 years old, mixed breed intact female dog was presented to the Federal University of Parana - Veterinary Hospital, Curitiba (HV-UFPR) for mammary glands examination. The owners related inflammation of mammary glands with clinical course of approximately 10 days, which was treated for mastitis (cephalexin and metergoline) without clinical improvement. Clinical examination revealed erythema, increased skin warmth, pain on palpation, and plaque involving the 4th and 5th right mammary glands. Abdominal ultrasound and serum biochemistry were unremarkable. Thoracic radiographs showed suspicious images of pulmonary metastasis. Fine needle biopsy was taken for cytologic examination. Cytological interpretation was a malignant epithelial neoplasm, probably a mammary carcinoma. Diagnosis of IMC was based on clinical signs and cytopathology. Dog was treated with oral (0.5 mL) and topical M8 twice a day for 15 days, and pyroxican, 0.3mg/kg, PO, q24h. Clinical improvement was observed 7 days after starting treatment. Until present date (70 treatment days with M8), dog has no clinical signs of IMC, and does not show signs of disease progression. Conclusion: The present report suggests that M8 associated with piroxicam contributes to improvement of IMC dog?s quality of life and survival rate. However, further clinical studies are needed to evaluate response to treatment in patients diagnosed with IMC.(AU)
Introdução: O carcinoma inflamatório mamário (CIM) é um tumor altamente maligno que acomete cães e pessoas, apresentando-se localmente invasivo e com crescimento rápido. Em cães, os sinais clínicos incluem edema e eritema generalizado das mamas acometidas, dor local e ulceração. A intervenção cirúrgica é contra-indicada e não há consenso sobre tratamento clínico eficaz [1]. Estudos em modelo murino demonstraram que Calcarea carbonica e associações (M8) possuem propriedades anticancerígenas através de estímulo da resposta imune inata [2,3]. O M8 é altamente diluído, composto de 10 a 20% de Calcarea carbonica, Aconitum napellus, Arsenicum album, Asa foetida, Conium maculatum, Ipecacuanha, Phosphorus, Rhus tox, Silicea, Sulphur, e Thuya occidentalis, todos na diluição decimal de Hahnemann em água destilada e submetido à agitação vigorosa. Objetivo: Descrever a associação de M8 e piroxicam (antiinflamatório não esteroidal) no tratamento de cão com CIM. Discussão: Uma cadela não castrada, sem raça definida, de 7 anos de idade foi trazida ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná - Curitiba (HV-UFPR) com histórico de inflamação mamária com evolução de 10 dias e não responsiva ao tratamento para mastite (com cefalexina e metergolina). Ao exame físico, as mamas abdominais caudais e inguinais direita apresentavam-se em placa, com aumento de temperatura, edema e eritema localizados e presença de sensibilidade dolorosa ao toque. A ultrassonografia abdominal e bioquímica sérica não apresentaram alterações significativas, enquanto que a radiografia torácica evidenciou imagem sugestiva de metástase pulmonar. Realizou-se biópsia aspirativa por agulha fina para análise citológica, a qual foi compatível com neoplasia epitelial maligna, provavelmente carcinoma mamário. O diagnóstico de CIM baseou-se nos sinais clínicos e resultados citopatológicos. Instituiu-se tratamento com M8 oral (0,5mL a cada 12 horas) e tópico (nas mamas envolvidas), em associação com piroxicam (0,3mg/kg, PO, a cada 24 horas). Observou-se melhora clínica significativa após 7 dias de tratamento e até a presente data (70 dias de tratamento com M8) a paciente não apresenta sinais clínicos de CIM e de progressão da doença.Conclusão: O presente caso sugere que a associação de M8 e piroxicam contribui para melhora da qualidade de vida e aumento da taxa de sobrevida em cães com CIM. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a resposta clínica de pacientes com CIM tratados com M8.(AU)
Subject(s)
Calcarea Carbonica , Mammary Neoplasms, AnimalABSTRACT
Background: Cancer is a class of disease responsible for 13% of death cause worldwide. Among all types of cancers, one of the most aggressive and with the highest death rate is melanoma. It is highly metastatic and current treatments with chemotherapeutic drugs do not yield satisfactory results. Therefore, the interest on new therapeutics for cancer treatment has been increasing on research. Highly diluted tinctures (HDT) are intended to enhance immune system responses resulting in reduced frequency of various diseases, and often present no risk of serious side-effects due to its low toxicity. Previous results have demonstrated in vitro inhibition of invasion ability and in vivo anti-metastatic potential of B16F10 lung metastasis model after mice treatment with M8 inhalation.Conclusion: Even though further investigation are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of action of M8 treatment there is an indication that these highly diluted tinctures could be a promising therapy to treat metastatic melanoma.(AU)
Introdução: O Câncer é uma classe de doenças responsáveis por 13% das causas de mortes no mundo todo. Entre todos os tipos de cânceres, um dos mais agressivos e com maior índice de mortalidade é o melanoma. Ele é altamente metastático, e os tratamentos atuais com drogas quimioterapeuticas não geram resultados satisfatórios. Portanto, o interesse em novos agentes terapeuticos para o tratamento do câncer tem aumentado na pesquisa. Soluções altamente diluídas (CAD) são destinadas à aumentar a resposta do sistema imunológico resultando em menores frequencias de várias doenças, e também não apresentam riscos de graves efeitos colaterais, devido à sua toxicidade reduzida. Resultados anteriores demostraram a inibição in vitro da habilidade de invasão e potencial antimetastático in vivo do modelo de metástase pulmonar da B16F10, após o tratamento dos camundongos pela inalação do M8.Conclusão: Mais pesquisas são necessárias para esclarecer os mecanismos de ação do tratamento com M8. Entretanto, há um indicativo de que soluções altamente diluídas podem ser terapias coadjuvantes para o tratamento do melanoma metastático.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Melanoma/therapy , Hyaluronic Acid , Hyaluronan Receptors , High PotenciesABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to characterize a group of patients (n=8) with sickle cell disease (SCD) and ischemic stroke concerning the clinical, neurological, imaging and progressive aspects. Data were collected from records and completed with an interview of patients and their parents. In this study there were 8 patients with ages ranging from 10 to 23 years old; SCD diagnosis was given between one and two years of age with clinical features of fatigue and anemia. The stroke was ischemic in all individuals and the first cerebrovascular event occurred before 6 years of age; 3 patients had recurrence of stroke despite prophylactic blood transfusion therapy and both cerebral hemispheres were affected in 4 patients. Clinical and neurological current features observed were: acute pain crises, sialorrhea, mouth breathing, motor, and neuropsychological impairments resulting from cortical-subcortical structure lesions.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Stroke/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy , Blood Transfusion , Child , Deferoxamine/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , Siderophores/therapeutic use , Stroke/therapyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to characterize a group of patients (n=8) with sickle cell disease (SCD) and ischemic stroke concerning the clinical, neurological, imaging and progressive aspects. Data were collected from records and completed with an interview of patients and their parents. In this study there were 8 patients with ages ranging from 10 to 23 years old; SCD diagnosis was given between one and two years of age with clinical features of fatigue and anemia. The stroke was ischemic in all individuals and the first cerebrovascular event occurred before 6 years of age; 3 patients had recurrence of stroke despite prophylactic blood transfusion therapy and both cerebral hemispheres were affected in 4 patients. Clinical and neurological current features observed were: acute pain crises, sialorrhea, mouth breathing, motor, and neuropsychological impairments resulting from cortical-subcortical structure lesions.
O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar um grupo de sujeitos (n=8) com antecedentes de anemia falciforme (AF) e acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico, dos pontos de vista clínico, neurológico, radiológico e evolutivo, reavaliados através de exame neurológico e neuropsicológico. A partir de prontuários dos sujeitos com diagnóstico comprovado de AF e AVC, coletamos dados, complementados por entrevista com pacientes e responsáveis. Foram avaliados 8 pacientes; atualmente com idades entre 10 e 23 anos; diagnóstico da AF entre um e dois anos; quadro clínico de fraqueza e anemia. Em todos, o AVC foi isquêmico e o primeiro evento na maioria ocorreu antes dos 6 anos de idade; houve recorrência do AVC em 3, apesar da profilaxia com transfusão sanguínea; ambos os hemisférios afetados em 4; no quadro clínico e neurológico atual constatamos crises dolorosas, sialorréia, respiração oral e importante comprometimento motor e neuropsicológico, resultantes de lesões estruturais cortico-subcorticais.
