The impact of preservation solutions for static cold storage on kidney transplantation outcomes: Results of a Brazilian nationwide multicenter study.

This study evaluated the current practices of selecting cold storage preservation solutions in Brazil and their impact on delayed graft function (DGF) incidence and 1-year outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 3,134 brain-dead deceased donor kidney transplants performed between 2014 and 2015 in 18 Brazilian centers. The most commonly used preservation solution was Euro-collins (EC, 55.4%), followed by Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK, 30%) and Institut Georges Lopez (IGL-1, 14.6%). The incidence of DGF was 54.4%, with 11.7% of patients requiring dialysis for more than 14 days, indicating prolonged DGF. Upon adjusting for confounding variables, HTK demonstrated a significantly lower risk of DGF than EC (OR 0.7350.82500.926), as did IGL-1 (OR 0.6050.7120.837). Similar protective effects were observed for prolonged DGF when comparing HTK (OR 0.4780.5990.749) and IGL-1 (OR 0.4780.6810.749) against EC. No significant association was found between preservation solutions and 1-year death-censored graft survival. In conclusion, EC was the most frequently used cold storage perfusion solution, demonstrating a higher incidence and duration of DGF compared with HTK and IGL-1, but with no impact on 1-year graft survival.

Strength training as a non-pharmacological alternative to improve body composition, and quality of life in people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord injuries (SCI) have physiological, emotional, and economic consequences in the lives of affected people. Resistance training (RT) is efficient in improving several physiological factors, quality of life, and body composition. Due to the scarce literature on the analysis of isolated RT, the objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects of RT without the association of other techniques, in aspects related to the quality of life and body composition of people with SCI. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The research was carried out in databases such as Pubmed, Cochrane, and Web of Science using the terms ("Spinal cord injury") AND (("Resistance Training") OR ("Strength training")). Given the lack of evidence on the subject, no deadline was set for the study to be eligible for analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The search for the articles was carried out in November of 2023 and returned 470 results, of which 315 remained after the elimination of duplicates, with 281 being excluded after title analysis. A total of 34 abstracts were analyzed and 29 studies were excluded, leaving 5 complete articles for thorough analysis. CONCLUSIONS: After analyzing the main results, we concluded that RT promotes significant improvements in body composition, pain, stress and depression symptoms, increased functionality, physical awareness, and quality of life.

Effect of disease, freezing of gait, and dopaminergic medication in the biomechanics of trunk and upper limbs in the gait of Parkinson's disease.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) causes gait abnormalities that may be associated with an arm swing reduction. Medication and freezing of gait (FoG) may influence gait characteristics. However, these comparisons do not consider differences in gait speed and clinical characteristics in individuals with PD. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the effect of FoG and medication on the biomechanics of the trunk and upper limbs during gait in PD, controlling for gait speed and clinical differences between groups. METHODS: Twenty-two people with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD in ON and OFF medication (11 FoG), and 35 healthy participants (control) were selected from two open data sets. All participants walked on the floor on a 10-m-long walkway. The joint and linear kinematic variables of gait were compared: (1) Freezers and nonfreezers in the ON condition and control; (2) Freezers and nonfreezers in the OFF condition and control; (3) Group (freezers and nonfreezers) and medication. RESULTS: The disease affects the upper limbs more strongly but not the trunk. The medication does not significantly influence the joint characteristics but rather the linear wrist displacement. The FoG does not affect trunk movement and partially influences the upper limbs. The interaction between medications and FoG suggests that the medication causes more substantial improvement in freezers than in nonfreezers. CONCLUSION: The study shows differences in the biomechanics of the upper limbs of people with PD, FoG, and the absence of medication. The future rehabilitation protocol should consider this aspect.

WFUMB Guideline/Guidance on Liver Multiparametric Ultrasound: Part 1. Update to 2018 Guidelines on Liver Ultrasound Elastography.

The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) endorsed the development of this document on multiparametric ultrasound. Part 1 is an update to the WFUMB Liver Elastography Guidelines Update released in 2018 and provides new evidence on the role of ultrasound elastography in chronic liver disease. The recommendations in this update were made and graded using the Oxford classification, including level of evidence (LoE), grade of recommendation (GoR) and proportion of agreement (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine [OCEBM] 2009). The guidelines are clinically oriented, and the role of shear wave elastography in both fibrosis staging and prognostication in different etiologies of liver disease is discussed, highlighting advantages and limitations. A comprehensive section is devoted to the assessment of portal hypertension, with specific recommendations for the interpretation of liver and spleen stiffness measurements in this setting.

Exposure to Zika and chikungunya viruses impacts aspects of the vectorial capacity of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus.

Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) are arboviruses that cause infections in humans and can cause clinical complications, representing a worldwide public health problem. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of these pathogens and Culex quinquefasciatus may be a potential ZIKV vector. This study aimed to evaluate fecundity, fertility, survival, longevity, and blood feeding activity in Ae. aegypti after exposure to ZIKV and CHIKV and, in Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed to ZIKV. Three colonies were evaluated: AeCamp (Ae. aegypti-field), RecL (Ae. aegypti-laboratory) and CqSLab (Cx. quinquefasciatus-laboratory). Seven to 10 days-old females from these colonies were exposed to artificial blood feeding with CHIKV or ZIKV. CHIKV caused reduction in fecundity and fertility in AeCamp and reduction in survival and fertility in RecL. ZIKV impacted survival in RecL, fertility in AeCamp and, fecundity and fertility in CqSLab. Both viruses had no effect on blood feeding activity. These results show that CHIKV produces a higher biological cost in Ae. aegypti, compared to ZIKV, and ZIKV differently alters the biological performance in colonies of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. These results provide a better understanding over the processes of virus-vector interaction and can shed light on the complexity of arbovirus transmission.

Fishing profile and commercial landings of shark and batoids in a global elasmobranchs conservation hotspot.

This paper describes the fishing profile and the temporal variation in the commercial landings of elasmobranchs in a global hotspot for their conservation and investigates the variables that influenced the landings. Census data on commercial catches were obtained between April 2008 and October 2010 from nine landing sites in Bragança (Pará, northern Brazil). Five vessel types, four fishing gears, and eight fishing techniques engaged with elasmobranch capture were identified. A total of 2,357 landings were recorded, with a total production of 354 t. The highest yields were recorded in 2009, with sharks being harvested mostly by small and medium-sized vessels, and batoids, by small vessels and canoes. Drifting nets and longlines played a prominent role in elasmobranch fisheries. The results show that the landings were influenced by days at sea, which is common in tropical fisheries. The elasmobranch data series is discontinuous as statistics are absent for most fishing sites albeit imperative for proper management, as well as relevant for decision-makers focusing on their conservation.

Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis can predict clinical outcomes at late follow-up after a sustained virological response in HCV patients?

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to evaluate Liver-Related Events (LREs), including hepatic decompensation (ascites, hemorrhagic varices and encephalopathy) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), as well as changes in liver stiffness during the follow-up period among patients who achieved a Sustained Virological Response (SVR) after treatment for chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. METHODS: A total of 218 patients with HCV were treated, and those who achieved an SVR were followed up for 3-years. Transient Elastography (TE) using FibroScan® was performed at various time points: before treatment, at the end of treatment, at 6-months post-treatment, at 1-year post-treatment, at 2-years post-treatment, and at 3-years post-treatment. RESULTS: At 6-months post-treatment, a Liver Stiffness Measurement (LSM) cutoff of > 19 KPa was identified, leading to a 14.5-fold increase in the hazard of negative outcomes, including decompensation and/or HCC. The analysis of relative changes in liver stiffness between pre-treatment and 6-months posttreatment revealed that a reduction in LSM of -10 % was associated with a -12 % decrease in the hazard of decompensation and/or HCC, with this trend continuing as the LSM reduction reached -40 %, resulting in a -41 % hazard of decompensation and/or HCC. Conversely, an increase in the relative change during this period, such as an LSM increase of +10 %, led to a + 14 % increase in the hazard of decompensation. In cases where this relative change in LSM was +50 %, the hazard of decompensation increased to +92. CONCLUSION: Transient elastography using FibroScan® can be a good tool for monitoring HCV patients with SVR after treatment to predict LREs in the long term.

Mental health in Brazil in times of neoliberalism and pandemic: retrogression and resistance.

This study analyzes aspects of mental health in Brazil as an active political field involving a range of social segments and actors from opposing fields in a context of advancing neoliberalism and pandemic. The analysis begins in 2016, when fiscal austerity entered the national agenda, and proceeds through the pandemic until the present day, when both phenomena continue to prevail, even if the intensity of the pandemic is now reduced. In the ambit of mental health, the national policy based on the principles of the psychiatric reform has suffered severe setbacks. Nonetheless, despite state-sponsored efforts to discourage social control and public participation, important sectors of society are engaged in active resistance.

Effect of botulinum toxin type a combined with physical therapy on functional capacity in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) combined with physical therapy on functional capacity in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Twenty-four children with spastic CP were treated with either BoNT-A and physical therapy or physical therapy alone. RESULTS: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found after 30 days of treatment for the Berg Scale, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Ashworth Scale and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and after three months for the Berg Scale, TUG test and PEDI. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in the control group. DISCUSSION: BoNT-A combined with physical therapy leads to significant improvements in spasticity and functionality in children with CP within a period of three months from the onset of treatment.

WFUMB Guidelines/Guidance on Liver Multiparametric Ultrasound. Part 2: Guidance on Liver Fat Quantification.

The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) has promoted the development of this document on multiparametric ultrasound. Part 2 is a guidance on the use of the available tools for the quantification of liver fat content with ultrasound. These are attenuation coefficient, backscatter coefficient, and speed of sound. All of them use the raw data of the ultrasound beam to estimate liver fat content. This guidance has the aim of helping the reader in understanding how they work and interpret the results. Confounding factors are discussed and a standardized protocol for measurement acquisition is suggested to mitigate them. The recommendations were based on published studies and experts' opinion but were not formally graded because the body of evidence remained low at the time of drafting this document.

Hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activation induced by streptozotocin in mice is protected by an organotellurium compound without evidence of toxicity.

The cognitive deficit, which is like Alzheimer's disease and is associated with oxidative damage, may be induced by exposure to streptozotocin. This study aimed to evaluate if the tellurium-containing organocompound, 3j, 5'-arylchalcogeno-3-aminothymidine derivative, interferes with the effects of streptozotocin, as well as to investigate its toxicity in adult mice. Cognitive deficit was induced by two doses of streptozotocin (2.25 mg/kg/day, 48 h interval) intracerebroventricularly. After, the mice were subcutaneously treated with 3j (8.62 mg/kg/day) for 25 days. The effects were assessed by evaluating hippocampal and cortical acetylcholinesterase and behavioral tasks. 3j toxicity was investigated for 10 (0, 21.55, or 43.10 mg/kg/day) and 37 (0, 4.31, or 8.62 mg/kg/day) days by assessing biometric parameters and glucose and urea levels, and alanine aminotransferase activity in blood plasma. 3j exposure did not alter the behavioral alterations induced by streptozotocin exposure. On the other hand, 3j exposure normalized hippocampus acetylcholinesterase activity, which is enhanced by streptozotocin exposure. Toxicity evaluation showed that the administration of 3j for either 10 or 37 days did not cause harmful effects on the biometric and biochemical parameters analyzed. Therefore, 3j does not present any apparent toxicity and reverts acetylcholinesterase activity increase induced by streptozotocin in young adult mice.

Is There a Safe Alcohol Consumption Limit for the General Population and in Patients with Liver Disease?

Excessive alcohol consumption represents an important burden for health systems worldwide and is a major cause of liver- and cancer-related deaths. Alcohol consumption is mostly assessed by self-report that often underestimates the amount of drinking. While alcohol use disorders identification test - version C is the most widely used test for alcohol use screening, in patients with liver disease the use of alcohol biomarker could help an objective assessment. The amount of alcohol that leads to significant liver disease depends on gender, genetic background, and coexistence of comorbidities (i.e., metabolic syndrome factors). All patients with alcohol-associated liver disease are recommended to follow complete abstinence and they should be treated within multidisciplinary teams. Abstinence slows down and even reverses the progression of liver fibrosis and can help recompensate patients with complicated cirrhosis. Whether there is a safe amount of alcohol in the general population is a matter of intense debate. Large epidemiological studies showed that the safe amount of alcohol to avoid overall health-related risks is lower than expected even in the general population. Even one drink per day can increase cancer-related death. In patients with any kind of chronic liver disease, especially in those with metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, no alcohol intake is recommended. This review article discusses the current evidence supporting the deleterious effects of small-to-moderate amounts of alcohol in the general population and in patients with underlying chronic liver disease.

Enhancement of Acetate-Induced Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Cathepsin D Inhibition Depends on Oligomycin A-Sensitive Respiration.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional therapies are available with varying effectiveness. Acetate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by human intestinal bacteria, triggers mitochondria-mediated apoptosis preferentially in CRC but not in normal colonocytes, which has spurred an interest in its use for CRC prevention/therapy. We previously uncovered that acetate-induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in CRC cells is significantly enhanced by the inhibition of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D (CatD), which indicates both mitochondria and the lysosome are involved in the regulation of acetate-induced apoptosis. Herein, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial function affects CatD apoptotic function. We found that enhancement of acetate-induced apoptosis by CatD inhibition depends on oligomycin A-sensitive respiration. Mechanistically, the potentiating effect is associated with an increase in cellular and mitochondrial superoxide anion accumulation and mitochondrial mass. Our results provide novel clues into the regulation of CatD function and the effect of tumor heterogeneity in the outcome of combined treatment using acetate and CatD inhibitors.

Drug-induced osteoporosis and mechanisms of bone tissue regeneration through trace elements.

Osteoporosis is associated with an imbalance in bone formation, with certain drugs used in disease treatment being implicated in its development. Supplementation with trace elements may contribute to bone regeneration, offering an alternative approach by enhancing bone mineral density (BMD) and thereby thwarting the onset of osteoporosis. This review aims to assess the mechanisms through which trace elements such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) are linked to increased bone mass, thus mitigating the effects of pharmaceuticals. Our findings underscore that the use of drugs such as aromatase inhibitors (AIs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antiretrovirals, glucocorticoids, opioids, or anticonvulsants can result in decreased BMD, a primary contributor to osteoporosis. Research indicates that essential elements like Cu, Fe, Se, Mn, and Zn, through various mechanisms, can bolster BMD and forestall the onset of the disease, owing to their protective effects. Consequently, our study recommends a minimum daily intake of these essential minerals for patients undergoing treatment with the aforementioned drugs, as the diverse mechanisms governing the effects of trace elements Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn facilitate bone remodeling.

Therapeutic textiles: A promising approach for human skin dysbiosis?

The close interaction between skin and clothing has become an attractive cornerstone for the development of therapeutic textiles able to alleviate skin disorders, namely those correlated to microbiota dysregulation. Skin microbiota imbalance is known in several skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, acne and hidradenitis suppurative (HS). Such microbiota dysregulation is usually correlated with inflammation, discomfort and pruritus. Although conventional treatments, that is, the administration of steroids and antibiotics, have shown some efficacy in treating and alleviating these symptoms, there are still disadvantages that need to be overcome. These include their long-term usage with side effects negatively impacting resident microbiota members, antibiotic resistance and the elevated rate of recurrence. Remarkably, therapeutic textiles as a non-pharmacological measure have emerged as a promising strategy to treat, alleviate the symptoms and control the severity of many skin diseases. This systematic review showcases for the first time the effects of therapeutic textiles on patients with skin dysbiosis, focusing on efficacy, safety, adverse effects and antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The main inclusion criteria were clinical trials performed in patients with skin dysbiosis who received treatment involving the use of therapeutic textiles. Although there are promising outcomes regarding clinical parameters, safety and adverse effects, there is still a lack of information about the impact of therapeutic textiles on the skin microbiota of such patients. Intensive investigation and corroboration with clinical trials are needed to strengthen, define and drive the real benefit and the ideal biomedical application of therapeutic textiles.

Promoting knowledge translation: An ecosystem approach to evidence in health.

The dissemination and implementation of evidence in health contexts have been a concern of several international organizations responsible for recommending actions to health policymakers. World Health Organization has been advocating for an ecosystem of evidence to improve clinical practice and health professional education. Thus, in this article, we address the challenges to developing the evidence ecosystem from the point of view of health professional education, considering the contexts of practice and teaching, focused on knowledge translation. There are three pivotal challenges: producing qualified knowledge; adequate communication of the synthesized evidence; and institutional policy to sustain the implemented evidence in continuous and updated flow. The evidence ecosystem helps to understand these flows between the production and implementation of knowledge, based on the capacity and resources of different health systems. It needs to be developed in the field of health professional education, feedback in the contexts of practice and teaching, to contribute to third-generation knowledge being used by different users of health services.

Who are the sexual and gender minorities who frequently interact with children and their association with healthcare. / Quem são as minorias sexuais e de gênero que convivem frequentemente com filhos(as) e sua associação a cuidados em saúde.

This study aimed to examine the sociodemographic profile of sexual and gender minorities who regularly interact with children and investigate whether such frequent interactions are associated with healthcare factors. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the LGBT+ Health Survey in Brazil, conducted online and anonymously from August to November 2020 with 958 participants. Regular interaction with children was defined as living with children or engaging in bi-weekly face-to-face meetings with children residing in different households. Healthcare factors encompass having a professional or reference service, feeling comfortable in discussing personal issues, and receiving worse quality medical or hospital care. The statistical analysis used the Poisson regression with robust variance. The prevalence of interaction with children was 5.3%. We observed a statistically higher prevalence among cisgender women (13.4%) and Black/brown and other non-white people (7.9%) after adjusting for age. The results showed a positive association only between regular interaction with children and worse-quality medical or hospital care received (PR=6.00; 95%CI 1.22-29.67). These findings highlight a persistent stigma and prejudice within healthcare services.

Objetivou-se analisar as características sociodemográficas das minorias sexuais e de gênero que convivem frequentemente com filhos(as) e verificar se existe associação entre convívio frequente com filhos(as) e os cuidados em saúde. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados do inquérito de saúde LGBT+, realizado no Brasil em 2020 (agosto-novembro) de forma on-line e anônima, totalizado 958 participantes. O convívio frequente com filhos(as) foi avaliado pela moradia com filhos(as) ou encontros presenciais quinzenais com filhos(as) que moram em outro domicílio. Os cuidados em saúde incluíram ter um profissional ou serviço de referência, sentir-se à vontade para contar seus problemas e receber tratamento médico ou hospitalar de pior qualidade. A regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foi usada na análise estatística. A prevalência de convívio com filhos(as) foi de 5,3%. Após o ajuste por idade, verificou-se uma prevalência estatisticamente maior em mulheres cisgênero (13,4%) e entre pretos/pardos e outras raças/cores não brancas (7,9%). Observou-se que o convívio frequente com filhos(as) foi positivamente associado apenas a receber tratamento médico ou hospitalar de pior qualidade (RP=6,00; IC95% 1,22-29,67). Esses achados destacam que ainda há estigma/preconceito nos serviços de saúde.

Bioenergetic modelling of a marine top predator's responses to changes in prey structure.

Determining how animals allocate energy, and how external factors influence this allocation, is crucial to understand species' life history requirements and response to disturbance. This response is driven in part by individuals' energy balance, prey characteristics, foraging behaviour and energy required for essential functions. We developed a bioenergetic model to estimate minimum foraging success rate (FSR), that is, the lowest possible prey capture rate for individuals to obtain the minimum energy intake needed to meet daily metabolic requirements, for female sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). The model was based on whales' theoretical energetic requirements using foraging and prey characteristics from animal-borne tags and stomach contents, respectively. We used this model to simulate two prey structure change scenarios: (1) decrease in mean prey size, thus lower prey energy content and (2) decrease in prey size variability, reducing the variability in prey energy content. We estimate the whales need minimum of ~14% FSR to meet their energetic requirements, and energy intake is more sensitive to energy content changes than a decrease in energy variability. To estimate vulnerability to prey structure changes, we evaluated the compensation level required to meet bioenergetic demands. Considering a minimum 14% FSR, whales would need to increase energy intake by 21% (5-35%) and 49% (27-67%) to compensate for a 15% and 30% decrease in energy content, respectively. For a 30% and 50% decrease in energy variability, whales would need to increase energy intake by 13% (0-23%) and 24% (10-35%) to meet energetic demands, respectively. Our model demonstrates how foraging and prey characteristics can be used to estimate impact of changing prey structure in top predator energetics, which can help inform bottom-up effects on marine ecosystems. We showed the importance of considering different FSR in bioenergetics models, as it can have decisive implications on estimates of energy acquired and affect the conclusions about top predator's vulnerability to possible environmental fluctuations.

Integrated Strategies for Aedes aegypti Control Applied to Individual Houses: An Approach to Mitigate Vectorial Arbovirus Transmission.

Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are vectors of different arboviruses that cause a large burden of disease in humans worldwide. A key step towards reducing the impact of arboviruses on humans can be achieved through integrated mosquito surveillance and control approaches. We carried out an integrated approach of mosquito surveillance and control actions to reduce populations of these insects along with a viral surveillance in a neighborhood of Recife (Northeastern Brazil) with high mosquito densities and arbovirus transmission. The actions were carried out in 40 different houses in the Nova Descoberta neighborhood. The area was divided into two groups, the control group using tools to monitor the mosquito density (1 OVT; 1 Double BR-ovt; monthly capture of alates) and the experimental group with control actions using surveillance tools in an intensified way (2 OVTs; 2 Double BR-ovts; fortnightly capture of alates; toxic baits). We evaluated the study's impact on the mosquito density via the Egg Density (ED) and Adult Density (AD) over a period of 12 cycles of 28 days each. The collected adult mosquitoes were processed via RT-qPCR for DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV and, subsequently, the Minimum Infection Rate (MIR) was calculated. After 12 cycles, we observed a 91% and 99% reduction in Aedes ED and AD in the monitored properties, as well as a 76% reduction in the AD of Cx. quinquefasciatus in the same properties. Moreover, we detected circulating arboviruses (DENV and ZIKV) in 19.52% of captured adult mosquitoes. We show that enhancing entomological surveillance tools can aid in the early detection of possible risk areas based on vector mosquito population numbers. Additionally, the detection of important arboviruses such as ZIKV and DENV raises awareness and allows for a better selection of risk areas and silent virus spread. It offers supplementary information for guiding emergency mosquito control measures in the target area. The goal is to minimize human-vector interactions and, subsequently, to lower the risk of transmitting circulating arboviruses.