ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Current health concerns have driven consumers to request products with nutritional and physiological advantages, which can be achieved by using prebiotic ingredients. Lactulose is a prebiotic with excellent functional properties and can be easily incorporated into meat products through the addition of liquid whey. This study investigated the technological and sensorial quality of restructured cooked ham elaborated without liquid whey added (control) and with liquid whey containing different contents (0, 30, 60 and 100 g kg-1 ) of lactulose. RESULTS: Liquid whey did not change any technological or sensorial characteristics of the product, but the general acceptability decreased due to addition of lactulose. Samples with higher lactulose concentrations had lower moisture content, pH and refreezing loss and increased carbohydrate content. Control and whey added samples had higher lightness and lower intense color than samples with lactulose. Liquid whey additions with higher lactulose content increased hardness and chewiness of the samples. CONCLUSION: Restructured cooked hams formulated with liquid whey and 30 g kg-1 of lactulose had minimal effects on the technological properties and sensory characteristics and, due to the possible benefits conferred by the prebiotic, is a potential alternative to provide meat products with prebiotic activity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Lactulose/chemistry , Meat Products/analysis , Whey/chemistry , Animals , Food Handling , Humans , Swine , TasteABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This case-controlled study examined clinical and microbiological parameters in Brazilian children and adolescents receiving orthodontic treatment using fixed orthodontic appliances or removable orthodontic appliances. METHODS: The plaque index, gingival index, number of decayed, missing and filled teeth, and probing pocket depth was measured on each fully erupted tooth in 30 patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances and an equal number of age and sex-matched control subjects. The same parameters were also measured in 18 patients treated with removable orthodontic appliances and an equal number of age and sex-matched control subjects. In the patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, subgingival plaque samples were collected from four teeth with orthodontic brackets and from four teeth with orthodontic bands. In the patients with removable appliances, subgingival plaque samples were collected from clasped maxillary permanent first molar teeth and from four unclasped permanent teeth. Samples of unstimulated whole saliva and samples from the dorsal surface of the tongue were also obtained from each subject. Each sample was analyzed for the presence of 19 target bacteria by dot blot. A subset of samples was examined by direct amplification of bacterial nucleic acids. RESULTS: Compared to their respective age and sex-matched controls, whole mouth means for plaque index and gingival index were significantly elevated in both the fixed and removable orthodontic groups. There was no difference in the DMFT. Subjects with fixed orthodontic appliances had a higher prevalence of each of the target species except for L. fermentum, Neisseriaceae and S. mutans. The prevalence of A. naeslundii and Streptococcus sp. was significantly higher on teeth with orthodontic brackets alone compared to teeth with both orthodontic bands and brackets. Subjects with removable orthodontic appliances had a higher prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, C. rectus, E. corrodens, L. fermentum, Neisseriaceae, and spirochetes. The prevalence of Neisseriaceae was significantly higher on unclasped teeth compared to clasped teeth. There was no difference between sample sites for the target bacteria except for A. actinomycetemcomitans that was detected less frequently in saliva. Orthodontic patients demonstrated higher proportions of gram negative species by direct amplification of nucleic acids including species frequently associated with periodontal disease as well as rarely cultivable or non-cultivable species such as Abiotrophia defectiva, Gemella haemolysans, Granulicatella adiacens, Lautropia sp., Terrahaemophilus aromaticivorans, and TM7 bacterium.
Subject(s)
Dental Plaque/microbiology , Orthodontic Appliances/adverse effects , Saliva/microbiology , Adolescent , Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Child , DMF Index , Dental Plaque/etiology , Dental Plaque Index , Female , Gram-Negative Bacteria/genetics , Humans , Male , Orthodontic Appliances, Removable/adverse effects , Orthodontic Brackets/adverse effects , Orthodontic Wires/adverse effects , Periodontal IndexABSTRACT
A sífilis é uma infecçäo sexualmente transmitida que, na gestaçäo, pode trazer efeitos desastrosos para o feto. Sua prevalência é estimada pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro em 5 por cento. Este conhecimento permite melhor abordagem no seu diagnóstico e tratamento. Objetiva determinar a prevalência de sífilis e fatores de risco no período de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 1999, na Maternidade Escola da UFRJ. Foram incluídas no estudo 5.519 mulheres que tiveram seus partos em nosso serviço. Foi considerada como portadora da infecçäo, toda paciente com o teste näo treponêmico - VDRL - positivo, em qualquer momento da gestaçäo, e com qualquer titulaçäo. A positividade do VDRL foi correlacionada com a ocorrência de óbito neonatal, a idade materna, o estado civil da mäe, grau de instruçäo materno, assim como o número de consultas de pré-natal. A escolaridade da mäe e a qualidade do atendimento pré-natal säo fatores de risco para a infecçäo sifilítica durante a gestaçäo
