Effect of an intervention in decreasing of the perception of barriers for bicycle use in the commuting to work / Efeito de uma intervenção na redução da percepção de barreiras para o uso de bicicleta no deslocamento ao trabalho

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of an intervention on perceptions of barriers for the bicycle use in commuting to work by industrialists. 876 men (mean age = 35.4 ± 9.5 years) from a metallo-mechanical company participated. The sample was randomized into a control and intervention group (438 participants in each group) considering the use or not of the bicycle when commuting to work. The intervention had 23 meetings of approximately 30 minutes each, spread over six months, based on the Transteoric Model of Behavior Change (TMBC). The perception of barriers to bicycle use was assessed using the "scale to assess the perception of barriers to bicycle use". Descriptive statistics, chi-square, Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney were applied for analysis, adopting p < 0.05. There was a statistical decline in perception of barriers to bicycle use in the intervention group (Z = -2.218; p = 0.027). When stratified by age group, greater effectiveness of the intervention was observed in reducing in the perception of barriers in individuals aged 30-39 years (Z = -2.637; p = .008). For the other age groups, there were no significant differences. It is concluded that interventions based on TMBC are effective to decrease the perception of barriers for bycicle use in the commuting to work.

RESUMO Esse estudo investigou o efeito de uma intervenção na percepção de barreiras para o uso de bicicleta no deslocamento ao trabalho de industriários. Participaram 876 homens (idade média = 35,4 ± 9,5 anos) de uma empresa metalomecânica. A amostra foi randomizada em grupo controle e intervenção (438 participantes em cada grupo), considerando o uso ou não da bicicleta ao trabalho. A intervenção contou com 23 encontros de 30 minutos cada ao longo de seis meses, baseados no Modelo Transteórico de Mudança de Comportamento (MTMC). A percepção de barreira para uso de bicicleta foi avaliada por meio da "escala de percepção de barreiras para o uso de bicicleta". Para análise foi aplicada estatística descritiva, qui-quadrado, teste de Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney adotando p < 0,05. Houve redução estatística na média da percepção de barreiras para uso de bicicleta no grupo intervenção (Z=-2,218; p=0,027). Quando estratificado por faixa etária, observou-se maior eficácia da intervenção na redução da percepção de barreiras em indivíduos na faixa etária de 30-39 anos (Z=-2,637; p=0,008). Para as demais faixas etárias, não houveram diferenças significativas. Conclui-se que intervenções baseadas no MTMC são eficazes na redução da percepção de barreiras para o uso da bicicleta para o deslocamento ao trabalho.

Food consumption and its association with leisure-time physical activity and active commuting in Brazilian workers.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An in-depth understanding of the relationship between food consumption and physical activity is relevant since these behaviours could influence each other, while both have an effect on obesity and chronic diseases. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various combinations of food consumption (fruits, vegetables, sweets and snacks) on the associations with PA domains (leisure and commute) among Brazilian industrial workers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This is part of a cross-sectional national survey developed in Brazil using data from the "Lifestyle and Leisure Habits of Industrial Workers" project. A total of 52,774 workers (response rate: 90.6%) responded to a validated questionnaire about the frequency of their consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and snacks, their practice of LTPA and active commuting. The answers were analysed by multilevel regression, controlled by sociodemographic behaviour and the presence of hypertension, diabetes and overweight. RESULTS: Workers with a simultaneously adequate consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and snacks were 2.29 (1.74; 2.99 p-value < 0.001) more likely to perform LTPA. In the full model, there was no association among any of the combinations of food consumption and active commuting. CONCLUSION: A better food consumption behaviour was reported among workers who practiced leisure physical activity when compared to those who did not.

Estrogen imprinting compromises male sexual behavior and affects the number of androgen-receptor-expressing hypothalamic neurons†.

Neonatal exposure to high-dose 17ß-estradiol (E2) affects the morphology and physiology of sex and accessory sex organs in the long term. In this study, we examined the effects of E2 imprinting on male sexual behavior, fertility, and the number of androgen receptor (AR)-expressing cells in the hypothalamus. E2-treated males showed copulatory behavior represented by mounts and/or intromissions, demonstrating the preservation of aspects of male behavior. They had slightly increased latency for first intromission and a reduced number of ejaculations, associated with a 50% reduction in the fertility index. AR expression in the hypothalamus was assessed by RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Treated rats had a significantly lower ventral prostate (VP) weight, demonstrating the efficacy of the treatment. The AR mRNA and protein content in the hypothalamus of E2-treated animals was reduced to the levels of females. AR-expressing cell counts in the ventromedial, anterior medial preoptic, paraventricular nuclei, and preoptic areas were different from control males, and similar to those of females. In conclusion, E2 imprinting resulted not only in ill-developed sexual organs, but also affected sexual behavior, resulting in a female-type hypothalamus, at least with respect to the abundance of AR mRNA and protein and the number of AR-expressing cells in important regions/tracts.

Physical activity and food habits are associated with television time on weekends in Brazilian workers

Abstract Aims: Investigated the relation between eating habits or physical activity and weekend television viewing time, regardless of weekday television viewing in Brazilian workers. Methods: A representative cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the relation between weekend television viewing time and dietary indicators and physical activity across different domains in 47,477 workers. A questionnaire measured the time spent watching television per day on the weekend, physical activity indicators across different domains and eating habits. Absolute and relative frequencies and multinomial logistic regression adjusted were used to describe and identify the relationship between time spent watching television on the weekend and physical activity indicators or eating habits. Results: Workers who were physically active in the household (OR=1.09 [95%CI=1.04; 1.15] and OR=1.11 [95%CI=1.06; 1.16]) and leisure-time domains (OR=1.28 [95%CI=1.22; 1.35] and OR=1.30 [95%CI=1.24; 1.36]) were more likely to watch television ≥ 2 and ≥ 4 hours on a weekend day, respectively, than those watching television ≤ 1 hour/day. Consuming sweets (OR=1.30 [95%CI=1.22; 1.39]) and soft drinks (OR=1.11 [95%CI=1.03; 1.19]) was related to television watching ≥ 4 hours on a weekend day. However, workers who consumed fruits (OR=0.81 [95%CI=0.76; 0.85]) and vegetables (OR=0.91 [95%CI=0.86; 0.96]) daily were less likely to spend ≥ 4 hours watching television on a weekend day. Conclusion: We conclude that increased television viewing time on weekends, regardless of weekday television time, is related to leisure-time and household physical activity and with unhealthy eating habits in workers. Interventions focusing on the leisure-time may be an important alternative for health promotion in workplaces.

Behavioral and sociodemographic correlates of the body mass index in Brazilian workers / Correlatos comportamentais e sociodemográficos do índice de massa corporal em trabalhadores brasileiros

An unhealthy body composition has been linked with chronic diseases and premature deaths that could be prevented. It is desirable to understand how modifiable behaviors are linked to the body composition of industrial workers, and identify risk groups among the population to plan inter-ventions and policies. The aim of the study was to identify the sociodemographic, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and nutritional correlates of the body mass index (BMI) of Brazilian industrial workers. Data were used from the "Lifestyle and Leisure Habits of Industrial Workers" study (n = 45,508), conducted between 2006 and 2008, in 24 of the 27 Brazilian states. Gender, physical activ-ity practice, television viewing, consumption of sweetened drinks, weight, and height were reported by the participants, and BMI was calculated. Linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with BMI. Women had a lower BMI when compared to men (-1.63 kg/m2, CI95%: -1.71; -1.56). Age and television viewing were positively associated with BMI and physically inactive adults had a BMI of 0.22 kg/m2 (CI95%: 0.15; 0.29) greater than those who were active dur-ing leisure time. There was no association between BMI and sweetened drink consumption. Usually, BMI is higher among men, older individuals, those who watch more hours of TV daily, and those who do not practice physical activity during leisure time. When possible, it is suggested to promote the practice the practice of physical activity during leisure time without directing actions to comply with the recommendation of 150 minutes per week with the understanding that some activity is better than none, as well as stimulate the reduction of TV viewing time among workers

A composição corporal não saudável tem sido associada a doenças crônicas e morte prematura que podem, em parte, serem prevenidas. Dessa forma, destaca-se a importância de compreender como comportamentos modi-ficáveis estão relacionados à composição corporal de trabalhadores da indústria e identificar quais são os grupos de risco. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a relação entre fatores sociodemográficos, e comportamentais (ati-vidade física, comportamento sedentário e consumo de refrigerante) com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) de trabalhadores brasileiros da indústria. Os dados são do projeto "Estilo de vida e hábitos de trabalho da indús-tria" (n = 45.508), realizado entre 2006 e 2008, em 24 estados brasileiros. Sexo, prática de atividade física, visualização de televisão, consumo de refrigerante, peso e a altura foram relatados pelos participantes. Análise de regressão linear múltipla foi aplicada para identificar fatores associados ao IMC. As mulheres apresentaram menor IMC quando comparado aos homens (-1,63 kg/m2, IC95%: -1,71; -1,56). A idade e tempo de televisão apresentaram associação positiva com o IMC e os adultos fisicamente inativos apresentaram IMC de 0,22 kg/m2 (IC95%: 0,15; 0,29) maior que aqueles ativos durante o tempo de lazer. Não houve associação entre o IMC e o consumo de refrigerante. O IMC tende a ser maior entre os homens, indivíduos mais velhos, aqueles que não praticam AF durante o tempo de lazer e despendem maior tempo assistindo TV diariamente. Portanto, sugerimos a promoção da atividade física sem direcionamento de ações para cumprimento das recomendações de 150 minutos/semana, mas para a compreensão de que fazer alguma coisa é melhor do que nada. Ademais, sugerímos políticas para a redução do tempo de visualização de TV entre os trabalhadores

Clustering of unhealthy food habits and its association with socioeconomic factors among Brazilian workers / Agrupamento de hábitos alimentares não saudáveis e sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos entre trabalhadores brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective Investigate the clustering of four unhealthy food habits (low intake of fruits, low intake of vegetables, high intake of candy, and high intake of fried snacks), and to identify the association between the number of these clustered habits and sociodemographic variables. Methods This was a cross-sectional representative study of industrial workers from 24 Federative Units in Brazil conducted between 2006 and 2008. The low weekly intake of fruits and vegetables (<5 days/week) and high weekly intake of candy and fried snacks (≥5 days/weeks) were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Simultaneity was analyzed with stratification by sex, calculating the Observed (O) and Expected (E) prevalence and the O/E ratio for each of the 16 possible food intake combinations. Results Among the 47,477 workers studied, in both men and women, the simultaneous presence of high weekly intake of candy and fried snacks(O/E=3.58; 95%CI=3.12-4.10 and O/E=2.17; 95%CI=1.76-2.62) and of the four unhealthy food habits (O/E=2.32; 95%CI=2.01-2.66 and O/E=4.02; 95%CI=3.44-4.65) exceeded the expected percentages if these foods were consumed separately. When compared to subjects without or with only one unhealthy food habit, the combination of the four negative dietary behaviors was more frequent among women, workers with a lower education level, and those living without a partner. Conclusion Unhealthy food habits tend to cluster together in both sexes, suggesting a strong interaction, particularly for the four unhealthy food habits together, especially among women, less educated workers and without a partner.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar o agrupamento de quatro hábitos alimentares não saudáveis (baixo consumo de fruta, baixo consumo de verdura, alto consumo de doce e alto consumo de salgadinho), e identificar a associação entre a quantidade desses hábitos agrupados e variáveis sociodemográficas. Métodos Esse foi um estudo transversal e representativo de trabalhadores das indústrias de 24 Unidades Federativas do Brasil, realizado de 2006 e 2008. Os baixos consumos semanais de fruta e verdura (<5 dias/semana) e os altos consumos semanais de doce e salgadinho (>5 dias/semana) foram avaliados por questionário validado. A simultaneidade foi analisada com estratificação por sexo, conforme a prevalência Observada (O), Esperada (E), Razão (O/E) para cada uma das 16 combinações possíveis de consumo alimentar. Resultados Nos 47.477 trabalhadores investigados, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres, respectivamente, a presença simultânea alto consumo semanal de doce e salgadinho (O/E=3,58; IC95%=3,12-4,10 e O/E=2,17; IC95%=1,76-2,62) e dos quatro hábitos alimentares não saudáveis juntos (O/E=2,32; IC95%=2,01-2,66 e O/E=4,02; IC95%=3,44-4,65) foram aquelas que mais excederam os percentuais esperados, caso esses alimentos fossem ingeridos de forma independente. Comparados aos sujeitos com nenhum ou um hábito alimentar não saudável, a combinação de quatro comportamentos alimentares negativos foi mais frequente entre as mulheres, trabalhadores com menor nível de escolaridade e que viviam sem companhia. Conclusão Hábitos alimentares não saudáveis tendem a se agrupar em ambos os sexos, sugerindo uma forte interação, especialmente para os quatro hábitos alimentares não saudáveis em conjunto, principalmente nas mulheres, trabalhadores com menor escolaridade e que vivem sem parceiro.

Relationship between physical activity and BMI with level of motor coordination performance in schoolchildren / Relação entre atividade física e IMC com o nível de desempenho motor coordenado de crianças em idade escolar

Abstract International studies have shown that motor coordination was inversely associated with adiposity, and directly associated with other health outcomes. However, there are few national studies addressing this issue and the results are divergent. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between physical activity and body mass index (BMI) with the level of motor coordination performance in children. This cross-sectional study was performed with children aged 5-7 years old. The level of motor performance was evaluated by normative data of the motor quotients assessed by KTK test. BMI was calculated by body weight and height. The level of physical activity was assessed by a questionnaire applied by interviewers with parents. Statistical analysis was performed by Spearman and Pearson test, and multiple linear regression. The sample included 665 children with mean age of 6.29 (± 0.75) years old, and 52.6% were male. It was verified which total motor quotient (TMQ) was directly related to physical activity score (0.096; p = 0.013) and inversely related to BMI (-0.284; p<0.001). The relationship between BMI and TMQ was moderated by family income. BMI was inversely related to the level of motor performance, and the score of physical activity was directly related to the level of motor performance in children in a higher family income.

Resumo Achados de estudos internacionais evidenciam que a coordenação motora está inversamente relacionada à adiposidade e positivamente associada com outros desfechos em saúde. No entanto, observa-se poucos estudos nacionais abordando esta temática e os resultados são divergentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre a atividade física e o índice de massa corporal (IMC) com o nível de desempenho motor coordenado de crianças em idade escolar. Trata-se de um estudo transversal conduzido com crianças de 5 a 7 anos de idade. O nível de desempenho motor coordenado foi obtido a partir dos dados normativos dos quocientes motores do KTK. O IMC foi calculado a partir dos dados de massa corporal e estatura. O escore do nível de atividade física foi obtido por meio de um questionário, administrado face a face com os pais das crianças. Para análise dos dados foram empregados os testes de correlação de Spearman, de Pearson e a regressão linear múltipla. A amostra foi constituída por 665 crianças, com média de idade de 6,29 anos ±0,75, dos quais 52,6% eram do sexo masculino. Verificou-se que o escore do quociente motor total (QMT) foi diretamente relacionado ao escore da atividade física (0,096; p= 0,013) e inversamente relacionado ao IMC (-0,284; p<0,001). A relação entre o IMC e o QMT foi moderada pela renda familiar. O IMC foi inversamente relacionado ao nível de desempenho motor coordenado e o escore da atividade física foi diretamente relacionado à coordenação motora em crianças com maior renda familiar.

Sociodemographic differences in walking for leisure and for commuting in Brazilian workers

Walking is a great health promotion strategy due to its beneficial effects. Objetive: To identify the prevalence of walking for leisure and for commuting to work and its association with sociodemographic factors among 47,477 Brazilian workers. Walking and sociodemographic factors were obtained from a self-reported questionnaire. Poisson regression was used. Among men, walking for leisure was more frequent in those who were older, live with a partner, had a higher level of education and income, and worked in the Southeastern region of Brazil. When commuting, it was more prevalent among single men, who had a lower level of education and income and worked in the Southern region of this country. Among women, walking for leisure was more common in those who lived with a partner, had no children, and worked in the Southern region. There was an association between the outcome and age, education and family income. Regarding commuting, it was more prevalent among older individuals, without a partner, with a lower level of education and income, and working in the Southern region. Walking was associated with sociodemographic characteristics, with differences between sexes

Physical activity in commuting, household, leisure-time, or work: which domain is associated with lower stress in adult workers? / Atividade física no deslocamento, domicílio, lazer ou trabalho: qual domínio se associa à menor ocorrência de estresse em adultos trabalhadores?

The aim of the study was to investigate the association of the physical activity domains and types of physical activity practiced during leisure time with the occurrence of stress in workers. This is a cross-sectional survey, conducted from 2006 to 2008, with a representative sample of industrial workers (n = 47, 477; 69% men). Data were collected via questionnaire. For statistical analysis, a Poisson regression with adjustment for robust variance was used in Stata 13.0. Women who were physically active during leisure time (19.9%; IC95%: 19.0−20.7) had lower occurrences of stress than those who were physically inactive in this domain (14.2%; IC95%: 13.3−15.2). Among men, those active at home (11.6; IC95%:11.1−12.0 vs. 12.9%; IC95%:12.4−13.5), during leisure time (10.2%; IC95%: 9.8−10.6 vs. 15.1%; IC95%: 14.4−15.7), and at work (11.7%; IC95%: 11.3−12.1 vs. 13.3%; IC95%: 12.6−14.0) had lower occurrences of stress than their peers. As the number of domains that contained physical activity increased, stress occurrence tended to decrease for both sexes. The types of leisure time physical activities associated with a lower occurrence of stress in women were sports (11.1%), gymnastics/weight lifting (13.2%), and dance (14.5%); similar results were observed for men who engaged in jogging (9.0%), sports (9.7%), and walking (10.1%). Physical activity in the leisure time domain, for women and men workers, including sports practice among women and jogging among men, were associated with lower stress occurrences.

O estudo objetivou investigar a associação dos domínios da atividade física e dos tipos de atividade física praticadas no lazer com a ocorrência de estresse em trabalhadores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, realizada de 2006 a 2008, com uma amostra representativa de industriários (n = 47.477; 69% do sexo masculino). Os dados foram coletados via questionário. Na análise estatística, empregou-se a Regressão de Poisson com ajuste para variância robusta, no programa Stata 13.0. As mulheres fisicamente ativas (19,9%; IC95%: 19,0­20,7) no lazer apresentaram menor ocorrência de estresse do que aquelas fisicamente inativas (14,2%; IC95%: 13,3−15,2). Entre os homens, aqueles fisicamente ativos no domicílio (11,6; IC95%: 11,1−12,0 vs. 12,9%; IC95%: 12,4−13,5), no lazer (10,2%; IC95%: 9,8−10,6 vs. 15,1%; IC95%: 14,4−15,7) e no trabalho (11,7%; IC95%: 11,3−12,1 vs. 13,3%; IC95%: 12,6−14,0) apresentaram menores ocorrências de estresse daqueles fisicamente inativos. Houve uma tendência de redução do estresse em ambos os sexos conforme o incremento de domínios com a prática de atividade física. Os tipos de atividade física no lazer associados às menores ocorrências de estresse, nas mulheres, foram os esportes (11,1%), a ginástica/musculação (13,2%) e a dança (14,5%) e, nos homens, foram a corrida (9,0%), os esportes (9,7%) e a caminhada (10,1%). Conclui-se que a atividade física no domínio do lazer, tanto em mulheres quanto em homens trabalhadores, assim como as práticas de esportes, entre as mulheres, e corrida, entre os homens, mostraram-se associadas às menores ocorrências de estresse.

Moderating effect of gross family income on the association between demographic indicators and active commuting to work in Brazilian adults.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the moderating effect of gross family income on the association between demographic indicators and active commuting to work in Brazilian adults. METHODS: Secondary analysis of the survey "Lifestyle and leisure habits of industry workers" (n=46,981), conducted in 24 Brazilian states (2006-2008). Self-reported information was collected with a previously tested questionnaire. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were applied to analyze the association between sociodemographic variables (sex, age, marital status, number of children, education, country area and company size) and active commuting to work in different strata of gross family income. To test the moderating effect, an interaction analysis was applied. RESULTS: The proportion of active commuters among low-, medium- and high-income workers was 40.7% (95%CI:40.0%;41.5%), 27.0% (95%CI:26.3;27.6%) and 11.1%, (95%CI:10.5%;11.7%), respectively. The moderating effect of gross family income was confirmed. Men were more likely (OR:1.22 95%CI:1.12;1.32) to commute actively than women among low-income individuals. Active commuting was less likely among older workers in low-(OR30-39:0.90 95%CI: 0.83;0.98; OR≥40: 0.76 95%CI: 0.68;0.85) and medium-income strata (OR30-39:0.87 95%CI:0.80;0.95; OR≥40:0.84 95%CI:0.76;0.93) and among married individuals in high-income strata (OR:0.72 95%IC:0.61;0.84). Adults with lower education (ORhigh:10.80 95%CI:8.47;13.77), working in the south (ORhigh:1.93 95%CI:1.53;2.44) and in small companies (ORlow:2.50 95%CI:2.28;2.74) were more likely to commute actively; however, the magnitude of these associations differed at each income strata. CONCLUSION: There was an inverse association between gross family income and active commuting. Gross family income acts as a moderator of the association between demographic indicators and active commuting.

Criação de uma escala de satisfação com a vida por meio da Teoria da Resposta ao Item / Development of a life satisfaction scale by Item Response Theory

RESUMO Objetivo A satisfação com a vida é um julgamento cognitivo de alguns domínios específicos na vida e depende de uma comparação entre as circunstâncias de vida do indivíduo e um padrão por ele estabelecido. O objetivo deste estudo foi construir uma escala de satisfação com a vida por meio da Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI). Métodos Para a criação da escala, foi utilizado o questionário “Estilo de Vida e Hábitos de Lazer de Trabalhadores da Indústria” e a Teoria da Resposta ao Item com base no modelo de resposta gradual proposto por Samejima. Participaram do estudo 47.477 trabalhadores brasileiros da indústria. Resultados A escala contou com sete itens do bloco de perguntas “indicadores de saúde e comportamentos preventivos”, com assuntos relacionados ao estado de saúde, qualidade de sono, nível de estresse, sentimento de tristeza ou depressão e percepção de vida no lar, no trabalho e no lazer. Conclusão São poucos os estudos que tiveram seu foco direcionado à satisfação com a vida no Brasil, e aqueles que de alguma forma o abordaram incluíram somente uma questão específica sobre felicidade ou satisfação de vida, principalmente em estudos sobre o bem-estar subjetivo. Os resultados mostraram que a TRI foi eficiente para criar a escala, medindo principalmente aqueles indivíduos com valores intermediários de satisfação com a vida.

ABSTRACT Objective Life satisfaction is a cognitive judgment of some specific areas in life and depends on a comparison between the life circumstances of the individual and a standard established by it. The objective of this study was to construct a scale of satisfaction with life by Item Response Theory (IRT). Methods For the creation of the scale we used the questionnaire “Life Style and Habits Leisure Industry Workers” and Item Response Theory based on the graduated response model proposed by Samejima. The study enrolled 47,477 Brazilian workers in the industry. Results The scale had seven items the questions of the “health indicators and preventive behaviors” with issues related to health status, quality of sleep, stress level, feelings of sadness or depression and perception of life at home, at work and play. Conclusion There are few studies that have their focus directed to life satisfaction in Brazil, and those who somehow discussed, only included a specific question about happiness or life satisfaction, especially in studies on subjective well-being. The results show that IRT was efficient to create the scale, especially those individuals with intermediate measuring life satisfaction.

[Socio-demographic factors associated with three sedentary behaviors in Brazilian workers]. / Aspectos sociodemográficos associados a três comportamentos sedentários em trabalhadores brasileiros.

This study focused on the association between socio-demographic characteristics and three sedentary behaviors among industrial workers in Brazil. Data were analyzed on 47,477 workers from 24 Brazilian states, collected by questionnaires from 2006 to 2008. Individual and simultaneous presence of ≥ 4 hours of TV time per day, commuting by car or motorcycle, and sitting most of the time at work were investigated, as well as associations between these behaviors and gender, age, schooling, and family income. Simple and multiple binary logistic regression were used. Older workers and those with more schooling and higher income had increased odds of presenting two or all of the three target behaviors. Associations between gender and sedentary behaviors depend on the specific behavior. Such information can be useful for planning interventions to reduce sedentary behavior, with better targeting and more effectiveness in reaching different population subgroups.

Aspectos sociodemográficos associados a três comportamentos sedentários em trabalhadores brasileiros / Socio-demographic factors associated with three sedentary behaviors in Brazilian workers / Aspectos sociodemográficos asociados a tres comportamientos sedentarios en trabajadores brasileños

O objetivo foi investigar a associação entre aspectos sociodemográficos e três comportamentos sedentários em trabalhadores da indústria no Brasil. Analisaram-se dados de 47.477 trabalhadores das indústrias de 24 Unidades Federativas, coletados por questionário de 2006 a 2008. Analisou-se a presença individual e simultânea de assistência à televisão ≥ 4 horas/dia, deslocamento de carro ou moto para o trabalho e passar a maior parte do tempo sentado no trabalho, assim como a associação desses comportamentos sedentários com sexo, idade, renda familiar mensal e nível de escolarização. Para tanto, utilizou-se a regressão logística binária simples e múltipla. Trabalhadores com mais idade, escolarização e renda tiveram maiores odds de apresentar dois dos três comportamentos sedentários investigados, assim como a presença simultânea deles. As associações entre sexo e comportamentos sedentários dependem do comportamento investigado. Tais informações podem ajudar no planejamento de ações de redução de comportamentos sedentários mais bem direcionadas e mais eficientes no alcance de diferentes subgrupos da população.

This study focused on the association between socio-demographic characteristics and three sedentary behaviors among industrial workers in Brazil. Data were analyzed on 47,477 workers from 24 Brazilian states, collected by questionnaires from 2006 to 2008. Individual and simultaneous presence of ≥ 4 hours of TV time per day, commuting by car or motorcycle, and sitting most of the time at work were investigated, as well as associations between these behaviors and gender, age, schooling, and family income. Simple and multiple binary logistic regression were used. Older workers and those with more schooling and higher income had increased odds of presenting two or all of the three target behaviors. Associations between gender and sedentary behaviors depend on the specific behavior. Such information can be useful for planning interventions to reduce sedentary behavior, with better targeting and more effectiveness in reaching different population subgroups.

El objetivo fue investigar la asociación entre aspectos sociodemográficos y tres comportamientos sedentarios en trabajadores de la industria en Brasil. Se analizaron datos de 47.477 trabajadores de industrias de 24 Unidades Federativas de Brasil, obtenidas por cuestionario de 2006 a 2008. Se investigó la presencia individual y simultánea de ver televisión ≥ 4 horas/día, desplazamiento en coche o moto para el trabajo y pasar la mayor parte del tiempo sentado en el trabajo, así como la asociación de esos comportamientos sedentarios con sexo, edad, renta familiar mensual y nivel de escolaridad. Para eso, se utilizó la regresión logística binaria simple y múltiple. Trabajadores con más edad, escolaridad y renta tuvieron mayor razón de oportunidades de presentar dos de los tres comportamientos sedentarios investigados, así como la presencia simultánea de ellos. Las asociaciones entre sexo y comportamientos sedentarios dependen del comportamiento investigado. Tales informaciones pueden ser útiles para planear acciones de reducción de comportamientos sedentarios mejor dirigidas y más eficientes en el alcance a diferentes subgrupos de la población.

Active Commuting by Bicycle: Results of an Educational Intervention Study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention on active commuting by bicycle. METHODS: An intervention study with workers from a metallurgical industry in Santa Catarina state, Brazil was carried out in 2011. A total of 464 individuals were placed in the intervention group (IG) and 468 in the control group (CG). The intervention consisted of strategies based on the transtheoretical model and stages of behavior change. The intervention group took part in activities for 6 months, including 23 meetings. The statistical analysis included intergroup comparison (IG × CG) at baseline and after the intervention. Intragroup analysis was performed 6 months after the intervention. Student's t-test, chi-square, and McNemar tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Of the original total, 876 individuals (94%) participated in the study. The proportion of participants that used bicycles to commute to work (IG) increased significantly from baseline (45.3%) to the final interventional period (47.5%). No difference was found between the CG and the IG group after the interventional period. CONCLUSION: We suggest taking these findings into consideration in further studies to understand better the role of educational intervention on active commuting by bicycle.

Clustering of Physical Inactivity in Leisure, Work, Commuting, and Household Domains: Data From 47,477 Industrial Workers in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity in each domain (leisure, work, commuting, and household) is not completely independent. This study aimed to describe the clustering of physical inactivity in different domains and its association with sociodemographic factors among Brazilian industrial workers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study using data from 23 Brazilian states and the Federal District collected via questionnaires between 2006 and 2008. Physical inactivity in each domain was defined as nonparticipation in specific physical activities. Clustering of physical inactivity was identified using the ratio of the observed (O) and expected (E) percentages of each combination. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic factors with the outcome. RESULTS: Among the 44,477 interviewees, most combinations exceeded expectations, particularly the clustering of physical inactivity in all domains among men (O/E = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.30; 1.44) and women (O/E = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.36; 1.60). Physical inactivity in 2 or more domains was observed more frequently in women, older age groups, individuals living without a partner, and those with higher education and income levels. CONCLUSIONS: Physical inactivity tends to be observed in clusters regardless of gender. Women and workers with higher income levels were the main factors associated with to be physically inactive in 2 or more domains.

Overweight in Brazilian industry workers: Prevalence and association with demographic and socioeconomic factors and soft drink intake / Excesso de peso em trabalhadores de indústrias no Brasil: prevalência e associação com fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e consumo de refrigerantes

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of overweight in industry workers and its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors and soft drink intake (including type). Methods: This is a nationwide cross-sectional cohort survey of "Lifestyle and leisure habits of industry workers" conducted between 2006 and 2008 in 24 Brazilian federate units. The participants answered a previously tested questionnaire and self-reported their weight and height. Statistical analyses consisted of crude and adjusted Poisson regression. Results: Males and females had overweight prevalences of 45.7% (95%CI=45.1; 46.2) and 28.1% (95%CI=27.4; 28.9) respectively. Older and married individuals and those working in medium-sized and large factories were more likely to be overweight. Males with higher education levels and gross family incomes were also more likely to be overweight, but not females. Finally, men (PR=1.24; 95%CI=1.13; 1.36) and women (PR=1.40; 95%CI=1.22; 1.61) who consumed diet/light soft drinks were also more likely to be overweight than those who did not consume soft drinks. Conclusion: More than one-third of the workers were overweight according to their self-reported weight and height, and the prevalence of overweight was higher in males. Demographic and socioeconomic variables and diet/light soft drink intake were associated with overweight. These data may be helpful for the development of actions that reduce the risk of overweight in this population. .

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso e sua associação com fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e com o consumo e tipo de refrigerante ingerido. Métodos: Trata-se de um inquérito nacional, de corte transversal, sobre o "Estilo de vida e hábitos de lazer de trabalhadores da indústria", realizado nos anos de 2006 a 2008, em 24 unidades federativas do Brasil. As informações foram obtidas por meio de um questionário previamente testado, inclusive a informação sobre o excesso de peso (autorrelato do peso e da estatura). Regressões de Poisson bruta e ajustada foram realizadas. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 45,7% (IC95%=45,1; 46,2) nos homens e 28,1% (IC95%=27,4; 28,9) nas mulheres. Identificou-se que o aumento da idade, ser casado e o tamanho das empresas (médio e grande porte) associaram-se a maiores probabilidades para o excesso de peso. Quanto maior a escolaridade e a renda familiar bruta entre os homens, maior a probabilidade de excesso de peso, tendo sido observada situação contrária entre as mulheres. Homens (RP=1,24; IC95%=1,13; 1,36) e mulheres (RP=1,40; IC95%; 1,22; 1,61) que relataram consumir refrigerantes diet/light também apresentaram maior excesso de peso quando comparados àqueles que relataram não consumir refrigerantes. Conclusões: Em seus autorrelatos, mais de um terço dos trabalhadores foram classificados com excesso de peso, com maior prevalência entre os homens. Variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e consumo de refrigerantes diet/light se mostraram associados ao excesso de peso. Tais informações podem auxiliar na elaboração de ações direcionadas para redução da probabilidade do excesso de peso nesse grupo. .

Changes in lifestyle and self-rated health among high school students: A prospective analysis of the "Saúde na Boa" project / Mudanças no estilo de vida e na percepção da saúde em estudantes do ensino médio: análise prospectiva do projeto "Saúde na Boa"

Lifestyle characteristics can modify the self-rated health of young people, but additional prospective evidence is needed. This study examined the association between changes in lifestyle and self-rated health among students. A secondary analysis of the "Saúde na Boa" project was performed, considering data from 984 students (14-24 years old, 56.9% girls) who were randomly selected from 20 public schools in Recife and Florianopolis, Brazil. Two sets of data 9-months apart were collected, and self-reported data about lifestyle characteristics (physical activity practices, TV watching time, dietary habits, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and sleep time) and self-rated health (poor, fair, good, very good and excellent) were obtained. Differences in self-rated health between collections were categorized as negative changes, stable (no changes) or positive changes. Adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis was used (p < 0.05). After adjustment for confounding variables, increasing the weekly frequency of active commuting to school (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.06) and intake of fruits/fruit juice (aOR = 1.81), as well as reducing the monthly frequency of alcohol consumption (aOR = 2.17), was significantly associated with positive changes in self-rated health. Consumption of sweets was also associated with stable self-rated health. In conclusion, our prospective evidence demonstrated that changes in lifestyle characteristics appear to be essential to ensure or generate positive self-rated health in youth.

O estilo de vida pode modificar a percepção da saúde em jovens, porém evidências prospectivas são necessárias. Este estudo analisou a associação entre mudanças no estilo de vida e na percepção da saúde em estudantes. Análise secundária do projeto "Saúde na Boa", com uma amostra de 984 estudantes (14 a 24 anos, 56,9% de meninas), selecionados aleatoriamente, em 20 escolas públicas de Recife e Florianópolis, Brasil. Duas coletas foram realizadas com nove meses de diferença para obter self-reported dados do estilo de vida (prática de atividade física, tempo de TV, hábitos alimentares, consumo de álcool e tabaco, e duração do sono) e da percepção da saúde (ruim, regular, boa, muito boa e excelente). A percepção da saúde foi categorizada em três níveis, considerando as alterações entre os intervalos das coletas: mudou negativamente, manteve ou mudou positivamente. A regressão logística multinominal ajustada foi utilizada, com p<0.05. Após ajuste para variáveis de confusão, aumentar a frequência semanal de deslocamento ativo para escola (odds ratio ajustado [ORa] = 2.06) e de consumo de frutas/suco de frutas (ORa = 1.81), bem como reduzir a frequência mensal de consumo de álcool (ORa = 2.17) estiveram significativamente associados à alterações positivas na percepção da saúde após os nove meses de acompanhamento. O consumo de doces também mostrou associação com a manutenção na percepção da saúde. Em conclusão, evidências prospectivas demonstraram que mudanças do estilo de vida em diferentes componentes parecem ser fundamentais para garantir ou gerar uma percepção positiva da saúde na juventude.

Trends in screen time on week and weekend days in a representative sample of Southern Brazil students.

BACKGROUND: Economic and technological improvements can help increase screen time use among adolescents, but evidence in developing countries is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine changes in TV watching and computer/video game use patterns on week and weekend days after a decade (2001 and 2011), among students in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. METHODS: A comparative analysis of two cross-sectional surveys that included 5 028 and 6 529 students in 2001 and 2011, respectively, aged 15-19 years. The screen time use indicators were self-reported. 95% Confidence intervals were used to compare the prevalence rates. All analyses were separated by gender. RESULTS: After a decade, there was a significant increase in computer/video game use. Inversely, a significant reduction in TV watching was observed, with a similar magnitude to the change in computer/video game use. The worst trends were identified on weekend days. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in TV watching after a decade appears to be compensated by the increase in computer/video game use, both in boys and girls. Interventions are needed to reduce the negative impact of technological improvements in the lifestyles of young people, especially on weekend days.

Atividade física e saúde mental: uma experiência na formação inicial em Educação Física / Physical activity and mental health: an experience in an undergraduate Physical Education program

O objetivo deste relato foi descrever uma experiência curricular inovadora realizada no curso de bacharelado em Educação Física da Universidade de Pernambuco. A disciplina "Atividade Física e Saúde Mental" foi implantada no referido curso para suprir a lacuna existente entre a formação inicial e a intervenção profissional no campo da saúde mental. A proposta desta disciplina foi discutir o papel da atividade física na prevenção e tratamento dos transtornos mentais, bem com a intervenção profissional na rede de saúde mental. As ações realizadas na disciplina foram pautadas por uma perspectiva crítica no sentido de provocar nos estudantes um olhar diferenciado acerca desse campo de atuação. A disciplina possibilitou ainda a observação e a vivência da intervenção da Educação Física nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, aspecto diferencial na organização do componente curricular.

The aim of this report was to describe an innovative curricular experience that was performed in the bachelor in Physical Education offered by the University of Pernambuco (Brazil). A course entitled "Physical Activity and Mental Health" was offered to the bachelor students with the idea of fulfill the existing gap between the professional preparation and the intervention in the mental health care area. The course was organized to discuss the role of physical activity in the prevention and control of mental illness as well as the professional intervention of physical educators in this field. Activities performed during the lessons were guided by a critical pedagogy approach which means the students were challenged to think about this field of intervention in different ways. In addition, the course offered the opportunity for extramural observational and experiential activities in specialized centers of primary mental health care, a differential characteristic of this proposed curricular component.

Inatividade nos deslocamentos para o trabalho e fatores associados em industriários / Inactive commuting to work and associated factors in industrial workers

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à inatividade física nos deslocamentos para o trabalho em trabalhadores da indústria do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Dados para realização desse estudo transversal foram coletados numa amostra com 1.910 trabalhadores mediante utilização de questionário previamente validado. Informações sobre a prática de atividades físicas nos deslocamentos foram obtidas pelo tempo despendido e pelo modo como os sujeitos relataram que se deslocavam para ir ao trabalho, na maioria dos dias da semana. Análise dos dados foi realizada por regressão logística binária com modelagem hierárquica. Verificou-se que 84,2 por cento dos trabalhadores são fisicamente inativos nos deslocamentos para o trabalho. Após ajustamento para fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e outros fatores relacionados à saúde, observou-se tanto em homens quanto em mulheres que a renda familiar e o porte da empresa estavam diretamente associados à inatividade nos deslocamentos para o trabalho. Nos homens, a inatividade nos deslocamentos estava também diretamente associada à escolaridade e à diabetes autorreferida. Concluiu-se que a prevalência de deslocamento inativo é alta e está associada a fatores individuais, sociais e organizacionais.

This study analyzed the prevalence of and identified the factors associated with inactive commuting to work among industrial workers from Pernambuco, Brazil. Data for this cross-sectional study were gathered from a sample of 1,910 industrial employees by using a previously validated questionnaire. The measure of inactive commuting to work was based on self-reported time and mode of transportation to work on most days of a typical week. Data analysis was carried out through binary logistic regression using a hierarchical approach to include variables in the model. It was observed that 84.2% of workers were inactive commuters. After adjustment for demographic, socio-economic, and other health-related factors in both men and women, it was found that family income and company size were directly associated with inactive commuting to work. Moreover, among men, inactive commuting was directly associated with schooling level and was associated with a diagnosis of diabetes. It was concluded that the prevalence of inactive commuting to work was high and directly associated with individual, social, and organizational factors.