ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial composition, and the profiles of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs, resistome) and mobile genetic elements (mobilome) of retail chicken carcasses originated from conventional intensive production systems (CO), certified antimicrobial-free intensive production systems (AF), and certified organic production systems with restricted antimicrobial use (OR). DNA samples were collected from 72 chicken carcasses according to a cross-sectional study design. Shot-gun metagenomics was performed by means of Illumina high throughput DNA sequencing followed by downstream bioinformatic analyses. Gammaproteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial class in all groups. Although CO, AF, and OR did not differ in terms of alpha- and beta-microbial diversity, the abundance of some taxa differed significantly across the groups, including spoilage-associated organisms such as Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. The co-resistome comprised 29 ARGs shared by CO, AF and OR, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams (blaACT-8, 10, 13, 29; blaOXA-212;blaOXA-275 and ompA), aminoglycosides (aph(3')-IIIa, VI, VIa and spd), tetracyclines (tet KL (W/N/W and M), lincosamides (inu A,C) and fosfomycin (fosA). ARGs were significantly less abundant (P < 0.05) in chicken carcasses from AF and OR compared with CO. Regarding mobile genetic elements (MGEs), transposases accounted for 97.2% of the mapped genes. A higher abundance (P = 0.037) of MGEs was found in CO compared to OR. There were no significant differences in ARGs or MGEs diversity among groups according to the Simpson´s index. In summary, retail frozen chicken carcasses from AF and OR systems show similar ARGs, MGEs and microbiota profiles compared with CO, even though the abundance of ARGs and MGEs was higher in chicken carcasses from CO, probably due to a higher selective pressure.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO: Objetivou-se identificar o estresse entre os enfermeiros que trabalham em um hospital privado; verificar qual o setor e o turno que acarretam o maior nível de estresse entre os enfermeiros e caracterizar o perfil dos mesmos. Utilizou-se como instrumento para coleta de dados a aplicação da escala de Bianchi de estresse, composta por duas partes, a primeira com a descrição dos dados sócios demográficos e a segunda com cinquenta e um itens fechados. A amostra foi composta por 24 enfermeiros e como resultados foi encontrado o predomínio do sexo feminino (83,33%), jovens de 20-39 anos (79,16%), entre 5 a 9 anos de formado (41,66%), trabalham na instituição de 2 a 4 anos (35,7%). O setor que obteve o maior nível de estresse foi a unidade de clínica médica e o turno responsável pelo maior nível de estresse, foi o da manhã.
It was aimed to identify the stress level among the nurses who work in a private hospital; to verify which sector and shift bring about the greatest level of stress among the nurses and to characterize thein the profile. As data collection, it was used the application of the Bianchi's scale of stress, made up of two parts, the first one with the description of socio-demographic data and the second one with fifty-one closed items. The sample was composed by 24 nurses and as a result, it was found the predominance of the female genre (83,33%), young nurses, aged between 20-39 years old (79,16%), from 5 to 9 years of graduation time (41,66%), who work in the institution for 2 to 4 years' time (35,7%). The sector which has shown the greatest level of stress was a medical clinic unit and the shift with the greatest level of stress was the morning one.
Se objetivó identificar el estrés entre los enfermeros que trabajan en un hospital privado; comprobar que sector y turno que acarrean el mayor nivel de estrés entre los enfermeros y caracterizar el perfil de los mismos. Se utilizó como instrumento para recolección de datos la aplicación de la escala de Bianchi de estrés, compuesta por dos partes, la primera con la descripción de los datos socio demográficos y la segunda con cincuenta y un ítems cerrados. La muestra fue compuesta por 24 enfermeros y como resultados se encontró el predominio del sexo femenino (83,33%), jóvenes de 20-39 años (79,16%), entre 5 a 9 años de graduado (41,66%), trabajan en la institución de 2 a 4 años (35,7%). El sector que obtuvo el mayor nivel de estrés fue la unidad de clínica médica y el turno responsable del mayor nivel de estrés, fue el de la mañana.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Occupational Stress , Nurses , Occupational HealthABSTRACT
Contextualização: A barreira anti-refluxo, localizada na junção esofagogástrica (JEG), é aprincipal responsável para impedir o desenvolvimento da DRGE. É uma zonaanatomicamente complexa cuja função antirrefluxo depende da pressão intrínseca do esfíncteresofagiano inferior (EEI) e compressão extrínseca do diafragma crural, além da integridade do ligamento freno-esofágico e manutenção do ângulo de His. A DRGE pode induzirsintomas em pacientes com asma através RGE proximal provocando broncoconstrição ereflexos vagais. Objetivo: Avaliar o refluxo gastroesofágico e a barreira anti-refluxo emrepouso e após manobras inspiratórias padronizadas em pacientes com asma controlada.Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo em 15 voluntárioscom diagnóstico de asma controlada que apresentaram sintomas de DRGE e 10 voluntáriosassintomáticos clinicamente sem sintomas de DRGE e asma. Todos foram submetidos àavaliação clínica (questionário), espirometria, manometria alta resolução (MAR),manovacuometria (PImáx) e pHmetria 24h...
Background: The antireflux barrier, located in the gastroesophageal junction (EGJ), is primarily responsible for preventing the development of GERD. It is an anatomically complex area wher e the antireflux function depends on the intrinsic pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and extrinsic compression of the crural diaphragm, besides the integrity of phreno - esophageal ligament and maintaining the angle of His. The GERD can induce symptoms in patients with asthma using proximal GERD causing bronchoconstriction and vagal reflexes. Objective : To evaluate gas troesophageal reflux and the antireflux barrier at rest and after standard inspiratory maneuvers in patients with controlled asthma. Methods: This was a quantitative, descriptive study in 15 volunteers with controlled asthma presenting symptoms of GERD and 10 clinically asymptomatic volunteers without symptoms of GERD and asthma. All patients underwent clinical evaluation (question naire), spirometry, high resolution manometry ( HRM ), manovacuometry ( IPmax) and pH monitoring...
Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Diaphragm , Gastroesophageal Reflux , ManometryABSTRACT
Systemic anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin is commonly used in maintenance hemodialysis (HD), but it increases the risk of bleeding complications. We investigated whether the use of citrate-enriched bicarbonate based dialysate (CD) would reduce systemic anticoagulation without compromising the efficacy of reprocessed dialyzers. This is a crossover study in which half of a total of 30 patients initially underwent HD with acetate-enriched bicarbonate based dialysate and a standard heparin dose of â¼ 100 IU/kg (Treatment A), whereas the remaining patients were treated with CD and a 30% reduced heparin dose (Treatment B). After 12 consecutive HD sessions in each treatment, the dialysate and heparin doses were reversed, then followed for another period of 12 HD sessions. The two treatment phases were split by a washout period of six HD sessions using acetate-enriched bicarbonate based dialysate and standard heparin dose. Systemic anticoagulation was higher in Treatment A. The activated partial thromboplastin time at the end of HD session was 68 ± 36 seconds in Treatment A and 47 ± 16 seconds in Treatment B (P = 0.005). Sixty-eight percent of the dialyzers remained adequate until the 12th use in Treatment A and 61% did so in Treatment B (P = 0.63). Patients had three and 24 cramps episodes during Treatment A and B, respectively (P < 0.001). Nine and 26 symptomatic intradialytic hypotension episodes were seen in Treatment A and B, respectively, (P = 0.003). In conclusion, the use of CD had a favorable effect on anticoagulation in the extracorporeal circuit in patients on maintenance HD, but it was also associated with more hypotension and cramps.
