ABSTRACT
The saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola, a passerine bird, can be found in nearly all Brazilian territory and is also raised in captivity. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence and load of oocysts in captive saffron finches in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, state of Rio de Janeiro and in free-living saffron finches in the municipality of Eugenopolis, state of Minas Gerais. In this analysis, 30 captive and 30 wild birds were assessed. Feces eliminated in a 24-hour period were collected and weighed to determine the number of oocysts per gram of feces (OoPG). Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism Software. All birds in the present study were positive for one or more species of coccidia. Captive birds had a mean total oocyst count higher than that of wild birds. No significant differences in OoPG counts were observed when comparing males and females or captive and wild birds. We can conclude that due to the fact that birds both eat and defecate in their cages, it is essential to keep them as clean as possible, since captive birds have a higher prevalence of coccidia.
Subject(s)
Finches , Animals , Finches/parasitology , Prevalence , Female , Male , Brazil/epidemiology , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Oocysts , Animals, Wild/parasitology , Parasite Load , Animals, Zoo/parasitology , Feces/parasitologyABSTRACT
Abstract The saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola, a passerine bird, can be found in nearly all Brazilian territory and is also raised in captivity. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence and load of oocysts in captive saffron finches in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, state of Rio de Janeiro and in free-living saffron finches in the municipality of Eugenopolis, state of Minas Gerais. In this analysis, 30 captive and 30 wild birds were assessed. Feces eliminated in a 24-hour period were collected and weighed to determine the number of oocysts per gram of feces (OoPG). Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism Software. All birds in the present study were positive for one or more species of coccidia. Captive birds had a mean total oocyst count higher than that of wild birds. No significant differences in OoPG counts were observed when comparing males and females or captive and wild birds. We can conclude that due to the fact that birds both eat and defecate in their cages, it is essential to keep them as clean as possible, since captive birds have a higher prevalence of coccidia.
Resumo Canário-da-terra, Sicalis flaveola, uma ave passeriforme, está presente na natureza em praticamente todo o território brasileiro, além de ser criada em cativeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência e carga de oocistos em canários-da-terra de cativeiro, no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, estado do Rio de Janeiro. E de canários-da-terra de vida livre no município Eugenopolis, estado de Minas Gerais. Para isso, foram utilizadas 30 aves de cativeiro e 30 de vida livre. Fezes eliminadas durante 24h foram coletadas e pesadas para a realização da contagem de oocistos por grama de fezes (OoPG). Análises estatísticas foram feitas com o auxílio do Software Microsoft Excel e Graphpad Prism. Todas as aves do presente estudo estavam positivas para uma ou mais espécie de coccídio. As aves de cativeiro apresentaram média de contagem total de oocistos maior do que as aves de vida livre. Não foi observada diferença significativa nas contagens de OoPG com relação ao sexo e à origem das aves de cativeiro ou de vida livre. Pode-se concluir que, devido ao fato das aves comerem e defecarem em suas gaiolas, é essencial mantê-las as mais limpas possíveis, uma vez que as aves em cativeiro apresentam maior prevalência de coccídios.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Clarias gariepinus is a fish from North of South Africa and was later introduced in several countries, including Brazil. The present study aimed to describe the first report of Diplostomidae metacercariae in C. gariepinus in Brazil. For this, 30 C. gariepinus were captured in a lake in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. Fishes were euthanized using freezing and necropsied for collection of parasites. The organs were dissected and analyzed for the presence of parasites that were processed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Trematodes were stained with Semichon's Carmine and Gomori's Trichrome, observed and schematized under a light microscope with image analysis software. A total of 190 trematodes were collected from the gills, suprabranchial organs, heart, stomach, intestinal mesentery, liver and body cavity of the fish. The parasites had a foliaceous body divided by a discrete constriction, without genital primordia, and a holdfast organ present at the posterior region, typical of metacercariae of the family Diplostomidae. It was classified as the 'Diplostomulum' morphotype, based on the morphology of the reserve bladder structure. This is the first report of the metacercariae of Diplostomidae parasitizing C. gariepinus in the Americas. This fish acts as an intermediate or paratenic host of this digenean in Brazil.
Resumo Clarias gariepinus é um peixe do Norte da África do Sul e posteriormente introduzido em diversos países, incluindo o Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o primeiro relato de metacercárias em C. gariepinus no Brasil. Para tanto, 30 C. gariepinus foram capturados em um lago na cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil. Os peixes foram eutanasiados por congelamento e necropsiados para a coleta de parasitos. Os órgãos foram dissecados e analisados para a presença de parasitos que foram processados para microscopia ótica e electronica de varredura. Os Trematodeos foram corados com carmim de Semichon e tricrômico de Gomori, observados e esquematizados sob microscópio ótico equipado com software de análise de imagens. Um total de 190 trematodeos foram coletados das brânquias, órgãos suprabrânquiais, coração, estômago, mesentério intestinal, fígado e cavidade corporal dos peixes. Os parasitos tinham corpo foliáceo, dividido por uma discrete contrição, sem primórdio genital, e órgão tribocítico presente na região posterior, típico das metacercárias da fámilia Diplostomidae. Foram classificados como do morfotipo 'Diplostomulum', baseado na morfologia da estrutura da bexiga de reserva. Este é o primeiro relato de metacercárias de Diplostomidae parasitando C. gariepinus nas Américas. Este peixe atua como hospedeiro intermediário ou paratênico deste Digenea no Brasil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Trematoda/isolation & purification , Catfishes/parasitology , Metacercariae/isolation & purification , Trematoda/anatomy & histology , Trematoda/classification , Trematoda/ultrastructure , Trematode Infections/veterinary , Catfishes/classification , Brazil , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Metacercariae/anatomy & histology , Metacercariae/classification , Metacercariae/ultrastructure , Fish Diseases/parasitologyABSTRACT
Clarias gariepinus is a fish from North of South Africa and was later introduced in several countries, including Brazil. The present study aimed to describe the first report of Diplostomidae metacercariae in C. gariepinus in Brazil. For this, 30 C. gariepinus were captured in a lake in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. Fishes were euthanized using freezing and necropsied for collection of parasites. The organs were dissected and analyzed for the presence of parasites that were processed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Trematodes were stained with Semichon's Carmine and Gomori's Trichrome, observed and schematized under a light microscope with image analysis software. A total of 190 trematodes were collected from the gills, suprabranchial organs, heart, stomach, intestinal mesentery, liver and body cavity of the fish. The parasites had a foliaceous body divided by a discrete constriction, without genital primordia, and a holdfast organ present at the posterior region, typical of metacercariae of the family Diplostomidae. It was classified as the 'Diplostomulum' morphotype, based on the morphology of the reserve bladder structure. This is the first report of the metacercariae of Diplostomidae parasitizing C. gariepinus in the Americas. This fish acts as an intermediate or paratenic host of this digenean in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Catfishes/parasitology , Metacercariae/isolation & purification , Trematoda/isolation & purification , Animals , Brazil , Catfishes/classification , Female , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Male , Metacercariae/anatomy & histology , Metacercariae/classification , Metacercariae/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Trematoda/anatomy & histology , Trematoda/classification , Trematoda/ultrastructure , Trematode Infections/veterinaryABSTRACT
The ratite group is composed of ostriches, rheas, emus, cassowaries and kiwis. Little research has been done on parasitism in these birds. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of infections by gastrointestinal nematodes in ostriches in the state of Rio de Janeiro. For this, fecal samples were collected from 192 on 13 farms. From each sample, four grams of feces were used to determine the eggs per gram of feces (EPG) count, by means of the McMaster technique. Part of the feces sample was used for fecal cultures, to identify 100 larvae per sample. The results were subjected to descriptive central trend and dispersion analysis, using confidence intervals at the 5% error probability level in accordance with the Student t distribution, and Tukey’s test with a 95% confidence interval. The mean EPG in the state was 1,557, and the municipality of Três Rios had the lowest average (62). The city of Campos dos Goytacazes presented the highest mean EPG of all the municipalities analyzed. The northern region presented the highest mean EPG, followed by the southern, metropolitan, coastal lowland and central regions. Libyostrongylus species were observed on all the farms: L. douglassii predominated, followed by L. dentatus and Codiostomum struthionis. .
O grupo das ratitas é composto pelas avestruzes, emas, emús, cassuares e kiwi. São poucas as pesquisas sobre as parasitoses nessas aves. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a distribuição de infecções por nematóides gastrintestinais em avestruzes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras fecais de 192 avestruzes de 13 propriedades. De cada amostra, quatro gramas foram utilizados para a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), pela da técnica de McMaster. Parte das fezes foi utilizada para cultivos fecais para identificação de 100 larvas por amostra. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise descritiva de tendência central e de dispersão, utilizando-se o intervalo de confiança ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro de acordo com a distribuição t de Student e teste de Tukey com intervalo de confiança de 95%. A média de OPG no Estado foi de 1.557, e o município de Três Rios obteve a menor média (62). A cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes teve a maior média de OPG de todos os municípios analisados. A Região Norte teve a maior média de OPG, seguida das regiões Sul, Metropolitana, Baixada Litorânea e Central. As espécies de Libyostrongylus foram observadas em todas as propriedades, predominando L. douglassii, seguido de L. dentatus e Codiostomum struthionis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Struthioniformes/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Intestines/parasitology , Nematoda/isolation & purification , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, a worldwide disease. Experimentation with pigs is necessary for the development of new therapeutic approaches to human diseases. BR-1 mini pigs were intramuscularly infected with T. gondii with tachyzoites (RH strain) or orally infected with cysts (ME-49 strain). Haematology and serum biochemistry were analysed and buffy coat cells were inoculated in mice to determine tachyzoite circulation. No alterations were observed in erythrocyte and platelet values; however, band neutrophils increased seven days after infection with ME-49. Serology of the mice inoculated with pig blood leucocytes revealed circulating ME-49 or RH strain tachyzoites in the pigs' peripheral blood at two and seven or nine days post-infection. The tachyzoites were also directly observed in blood smears from the infected pigs outside and inside leucocytes for longer periods. Alanine-aminotransferase was high at days 21 and 32 in the RH infected pigs. After 90 days, the pigs were euthanised and their tissue samples were processed and inoculated into mice. The mice serology revealed the presence of parasites in the hearts, ileums and mesenteric lymph nodes of the pigs. Additionally, cysts in the mice were only observed after pig heart tissue inoculation. The infected pigs presented similar human outcomes with relatively low pathogenicity and the BR-1 mini pig model infected with ME-49 is suitable to monitor experimental toxoplasmosis.
Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Neutrophils/parasitology , Swine, Miniature/parasitology , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology , Alanine Transaminase/metabolism , Animals , Brazil , Female , Mice , Parasitemia/diagnosis , Statistics, Nonparametric , Swine/blood , Swine/parasitology , Swine, Miniature/blood , Toxoplasma/classification , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/blood , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/pathologyABSTRACT
Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, a worldwide disease. Experimentation with pigs is necessary for the development of new therapeutic approaches to human diseases. BR-1 mini pigs were intramuscularly infected with T. gondii with tachyzoites (RH strain) or orally infected with cysts (ME-49 strain). Haematology and serum biochemistry were analysed and buffy coat cells were inoculated in mice to determine tachyzoite circulation. No alterations were observed in erythrocyte and platelet values; however, band neutrophils increased seven days after infection with ME-49. Serology of the mice inoculated with pig blood leucocytes revealed circulating ME-49 or RH strain tachyzoites in the pigs' peripheral blood at two and seven or nine days post-infection. The tachyzoites were also directly observed in blood smears from the infected pigs outside and inside leucocytes for longer periods. Alanine-aminotransferase was high at days 21 and 32 in the RH infected pigs. After 90 days, the pigs were euthanised and their tissue samples were processed and inoculated into mice. The mice serology revealed the presence of parasites in the hearts, ileums and mesenteric lymph nodes of the pigs. Additionally, cysts in the mice were only observed after pig heart tissue inoculation. The infected pigs presented similar human outcomes with relatively low pathogenicity and the BR-1 mini pig model infected with ME-49 is suitable to monitor experimental toxoplasmosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Calcium, Dietary/analysis , Chenopodium quinoa/chemistry , Food Quality , Food Inspection/methods , Iron, Dietary/analysis , Phosphorus, Dietary/analysis , Seeds/chemistry , Calibration , Chemical Phenomena , Chile , Dietary Fats/analysis , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Fiber Optic Technology , Least-Squares Analysis , Nutritive Value , Plant Proteins/analysis , Species Specificity , Spectroscopy, Near-InfraredABSTRACT
One of the most common problems in breeding of ostriches in captivity is the control of parasitic diseases. This work presents keys for the identification of adult nematodes and infective larvae by morphologic and morphometric characteristics. These keys will allow the scientific community to identify the species that infect the ostriches either based on the characteristics of the posterior end of the infective larvae found through a simple fecal exam or by observing the morphology and morphometry of adult worms recovered during necropsies. These keys will facilitate ecological and systematic studies, as well as increase the understanding of the epidemiology of these parasitosis in ostriches.
Subject(s)
Strongyloidea/anatomy & histology , Strongyloidea/physiology , Struthioniformes/parasitology , Trichostrongyloidea/anatomy & histology , Trichostrongyloidea/physiology , Animals , Female , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/physiology , MaleABSTRACT
One of the most common problems in breeding of ostriches in captivity is the control of parasitic diseases. This work presents keys for the identification of adult nematodes and infective larvae by morphologic and morphometric characteristics. These keys will allow the scientific community to identify the species that infect the ostriches either based on the characteristics of the posterior end of the infective larvae found through a simple fecal exam or by observing the morphology and morphometry of adult worms recovered during necropsies. These keys will facilitate ecological and systematic studies, as well as increase the understanding of the epidemiology of these parasitosis in ostriches.
Um dos problemas mais comuns na criação de avestruzes em cativeiro é o controle das doenças parasitárias. Este trabalho apresenta chaves para a identificação de Nematoda adultos e larvas infectantes através de caracteres morfológicos e morfométricos. Essas chaves de identificação permitirão à comunidade científica o diagnóstico das espécies que infectam as avestruzes com base nas características da extremidade posterior das larvas infectantes encontradas por meio de simples exames fecais ou pela observação da morfologia e morfometria dos espécimes adultos recuperados durante necropsia. Dessa forma, as chaves de identificação facilitarão os estudos ecológicos e sistemáticos, bem como a melhor compreensão da epidemiologia dessas infecções em avestruzes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Strongyloidea/anatomy & histology , Strongyloidea/physiology , Struthioniformes/parasitology , Trichostrongyloidea/anatomy & histology , Trichostrongyloidea/physiology , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/physiologyABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eficácia da nitazoxanida no tratamento da criptosporidiose canina, bem como as prováveis alterações na bioquímica das funções hepática e renal após a administração da droga. Para tanto, amostras fecais e sanguíneas de 10 animais foram coletadas e analisadas por meio da técnica de Ziehl Neelsen modificada. Os animais positivos foram divididos em grupo controle e grupo tratado. O grupo de animais tratados recebeu 7,5mg/Kg de nitazoxanida, a cada 12 horas, durante três dias consecutivos. O sangue para análise da bioquímica sérica foi coletado da veia cefálica antes e após a terapia. O tratamento realizado foi ineficaz no combate do protozoário e os animais não apresentaram alterações na bioquímica sérica após o protocolo terapêutico.
This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of nitazoxanide in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in dogs, as well as the likely changes in the biochemistry of liver and kidney after administration of the drug. For this purpose, fecal and blood samples of 10 animals were collected and analyzed by modified Ziehl Neelsen, and positive animals were divided into control group and treated group. The group of treated animals received 7.5 mg / kg nitazoxanide every 12 hours during three consecutive days. The blood serum for biochemical analysis was collected from the cephalic vein before and after therapy. The treatment was ineffective against the parasite and the animals showed no changes in serum biochemistry after the treatment protocol.
Este estudio ha tenido como objetivo verificar la eficacia de la nitazoxanida en el tratamiento de criptosporidiosis canina, bien como probables alteraciones en la bioquímica de las funciones hepática y renal tras la administración de la droga. Para tanto, muestras fecales y sanguíneas de 10 animales fueron recolectadas y analizadas por medio de la técnica de Ziehl Neelsen modificada. Los animales positivos fueron divididos en grupo control y grupo tratado. El grupo de animales tratados recibió 7,5mg/Kg de nitazoxanida, a cada 12 horas, durante tres días consecutivos. La sangre para análisis de la bioquímica sérica fue colectada de la vena cefálica antes y después a la terapia. El tratamiento realizado ha sido ineficaz en el combate del protozoario y los animales no presentaron alteraciones en la bioquímica sérica tras el protocolo terapéutico.
ABSTRACT
The impact of Cystoisospora felis infection on the nutritional efficiency of gerbils was studied. The variables weight gain and feed intake were measured during four weeks in 28 laboratory gerbils, of which 14 were inoculated with 3.5 × 10(5) sporulated oocysts of C. felis and the remaining 14 were controls. The animals from both groups were weighted, killed, eviscerated and had their carcasses and tissues weighted and compared. A modern tool designed for measuring nutritional performance of farm animals was applied. The results showed compromised nutritional efficiency of the infected animals within the first week after infection. The consequences of these results are discussed here, including the potential impact of infection on farm animals performance.
O impacto da infecção por Cystoisospora felis na eficiência nutricional de gerbis foi estudado. As variáveis ganho de peso e consumo de ração foram mensuradas durante quatro semanas em 28 gerbis de laboratório, dos quais 14 foram inoculados com 3,5 × 10(5) oocistos esporulados de C. felis e os 14 restantes serviram como controle. Os animais de ambos os grupos foram pesados, mortos, eviscerados e tiveram suas carcaças e tecidos pesados e comparados. Uma ferramenta moderna desenvolvida para mensurar o desempenho nutricional de animais de produção foi aplicada. Os resultados mostraram eficiência nutricional comprometida dos animais infectados na primeira semana após a infecção. As consequências destes resultados são discutidas aqui, incluindo o possível impacto de infecção no desempenho de animais de produção.
Subject(s)
Animals , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Gerbillinae/parasitology , Nutritional Status , Coccidiosis/complications , Nutrition Disorders/parasitology , Nutrition Disorders/veterinaryABSTRACT
O parasitismo por nematódeos gastrintestinais constitui uma importante causa de danos à saúde e de perdas econômicas na produção de pequenos ruminantes. O modelo laboratorial para estudos de nematódeos de ruminantes utilizando gerbis (Meriones unguiculatus) torna-se mais adequado quando estes animais são imunossuprimidos. Os corticosteróides são drogas freqüentemente usadas na imunossupressão de animais de biotério. O índice de eficiência bionutricional é considerado um parâmetro efetivo para avaliar os efeitos de tratamentos sobre a performance nutricional dos animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência bionutricional de gerbis imunossuprimidos e infectados experimentalmente com larvas de nematódeos de ovinos. Os resultados indicaram que os animais que receberam a droga apresentaram maior número de nematódeos à necropsia que o grupo de animais apenas infectados. Não foi observado efeito nocivo da infecção sobre a performance dos animais. Os animais não infectados e que receberam a droga metilprednisolona tiveram performance significativamente menor que os não infectados que não receberam a mesma.
The gastrointestinal parasitism by nematodes constitutes an important cause of damages to the health and of economical losses in the production of small ruminants. Studies with nematodes of ruminants using jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) as a laboratorial model become more appropriate when the animals are immunossupressed. Corticosteroids are drugs quite used in the immunossuppression of biotery animals. The bio-nutritional efficiency index is considered an effective parameter to evaluate the effect of treatments on the animal nutritional performance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bio-nutritional efficiency index of jirds immunossupressed and infected experimentally with larves of sheep nematodes. The results indicated that the animals that received the drug presented a major number of nematodes in necropsia in relation to the group of animals just infected. There was not harmful effect of infection on the performance of animals. The noninfected animals and treated with the drug methylprednisolone had a performance significantly lower than the noninfected animals and without drug application.
Subject(s)
Parasitic Diseases/chemically induced , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Gerbillinae , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Nematoda/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Diferenças biológicas e pleomorfismo nos oocistos foram observadas, quando cäezinhos foram infectados experimentalmente com Cystoisosora ohioensis. Para tanto, utilizaram-se seis filhotes recentemente desmamados de uma cadela livre de coccídios, com aproximadamente um mês de idade. Dois deles foram infectados com oocistos esporulados, dois outros com vísceras trituradas, contendo hipnozoítas, e os dois últimos deixados como controles. Diariamente, o total de fezes eliminadas por cada grupo foi recolhido e os oocistos deixados esporular em bicromato de potássium a 2,5 por cento por 72 horas à temperatura ambiente. Os animais infectados com hipnozoítas eliminaram oocistos em suas fezes quatro dias após a infecçäo (DAI), persistindo por um período de 27 DAI, enquanto os infectados com oocistos esporulados eliminaram oocistos em suas fezes aos cinco DAI, persistindo a eliminaçäo por 23 DAI. Os filhotes infectados com hipnozoítas eliminaram mais oocistos com um máximo de 2.565 oocistos aos 25 DAI que os outros infectados com oocistos que tiveram uma eliminaçäo máxima de 2.778 oocistos aos 5 DAI. Foi observada ainda diferença significativa entre os diâmetros maiores dos oocistos presentes nas fezes dos cäes infectados com hipnozoítas em comparaçäo com os dos cäes infectados com oocistos. Os oocistos eliminados nas fezes dos cäes, sejam infectados com hipnozoítas ou oocistos esporulados, mediram 26,40 ñ 2,18 µm respectivamente.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs/parasitology , Parasites , FecesABSTRACT
Três animais de cada espécie (Bos indicus, Bos taurus e Bubalus bubalis) foram inoculados, via oral, com 2,0 x 10(5) oocistos de Toxoplasma gondii. Seis outros animais, dois de cada espécie, foram mantidos como testemunhas. As alteraçöes clínicas surgidas a partir do 3§ dia após inoculaçäo (DAI) foram: hipertermia, taquicardia, taquipnéia, anorexia, prostraçäo, corrimento nasal e lacrimejamento. Estes sinais foram mais evidentes nos taurinos, espécie que apresentou, ainda, diarréia, fotofobia e conjuntivite. Foi possível isolar T. gondii da corrente sangüínea em todas as espécies. Nos taurinos, a partir do 5§ DAI até o final do experimento, o parasito foi isolado de todas as amostras de sangue colhidas semanalmente, com exceçäo do 14§, 35§ e 63§ DAI. Os bubalinos apresentaram parasitemia no 7§, 14§, 35§ e 70§ DAI e os zebuínos apenas no 7§ e 28§ DAI, correspondendo aos picos de temperatura, em todas as espécies, sendo mais evidente em taurinos. Os parâmetros clínico-laboratoriais demonstraram que os taurinos foram mais sensíveis ao T. gondii do que os zebuínos e estes näo diferiram significativamente dos bubalinos, que tiveram aparente normalidade clínico-laboratorial.