Atividade antibacteriana de nanopartículas de polipirrol diante de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de amostras de leite de vacas e cabras com mastite / Antibacterial behavior of polypyrrole nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows and goats with mastitis

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial behavior of polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-NPs) in water against biofilm producer or not S. aureus isolated from cows and goats with mastitis. One hundred and thirty-eight isolates of S. aureus were initially evaluated for biofilm formation by spectrophotometry in microplates. In addition, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of PPy-NPs in water for planktonic S. aureus were determined. From the bovine samples analyzed, 5 (4.46%) S. aureus isolates showed a strong biofilm production, 17 (15.18%) moderate production, 36 (32.14%) with weak production and 54 (48.21%) did not produce biofilms. Strains from goats (26) showed no biofilm production in 18 (69.23%) strains and weak biofilm production in 8 (30.76%) strains. The MIC and MBC of S. aureus to PPy-NPs were found in the same concentration (125搭/mL) in all strains tested, regardless of biofilm production or not. This finding provides a new insight into the interaction between PPy-NPs and S. aureus, and will offer potential benefits for the control of mastitis.(AU)

Moraxella bovis, Moraxella ovis and Moraxella bovoculi: biofilm formation and lysozyme activity.

AIMS: This study aimed to verify the formation of biofilms by Moraxella bovis, Moraxella ovis and Moraxella bovoculi isolates from ruminants. In addition, the lysozyme activity against the isolates of M. bovis, M. ovis and M. bovoculi in free form and in biofilms was determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, 54 isolates of Moraxella sp. obtained from bovine and ovine clinical samples were evaluated in vitro for capacity of biofilm formation and lysozyme susceptibility in planktonic and sessile cells. In addition, biofilms produced by four Moraxella sp. isolates were visualized under scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was possible to demonstrate, for the first time, the ability to form biofilms by M. ovis and M. bovoculi. The isolates of Moraxella sp. have the capacity to form biofilms in different intensities, varying among weak, moderate and strong. It was verified that the lysozyme shows activity on Moraxella sp. in planktonic form. However, on biofilms there was a reduction in the production, but without impairing its formation, and on consolidated biofilms the lysozyme did not have the capacity to eradicate the preformed biofilms. CONCLUSIONS: This work shows the capacity of biofilm formation by Moraxella sp. of veterinary importance. The lysozyme susceptibility of Moraxella sp. in planktonic form shows that this enzyme has bacteriostatic activity on this micro-organism and it reduced the production of biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Based on the results, it is possible to infer that the biofilm formation capacity by Moraxella sp. and the resistance to lysozyme concentrations equal to or greater than the physiological levels of the ruminant tear may be linked not only to the capacity to colonize the conjunctiva, but also to remain in this place even after healing of the lesions, being a reservoir of Moraxella sp. in a herd.

Patellar luxation and articular lesions in dogs: a retrospective: study research article / Luxação de patela e lesões articulares em cães: estudo retrospectivo

This study describes lesions that occur in the stifle joints of dogs with patellar luxation. These lesions are associated with the animal's age, body weight, and degree of luxation. The rate of redislocation was also evaluated. The patellar lesions found include articular cartilage erosion, subchondral bone exposure, a flattened or concave patellar surface, and enthesophytes. Extra-patellar lesions included synovitis, osteophytes, blunting of the trochlear groove, an absent trochlea, erosion of the condylar margins, capsule thickening, a long digital extensor tendon injury, cranial cruciate ligament rupture, and meniscal prolapse. Such lesions were frequently found in animals with Grade II or III luxation who were aged 24 months or more, and they were more severe in dogs weighing more than 15 kg. Patellar luxation causes changes that favor articular degeneration and should be treated surgically. Conservative treatment relieves pain, but does not address tissue alterations.(AU)

O estudo descreve as lesões articulares em cães com luxação de patela. Elas foram associadas com a idade do animal, massa corporal e grau de luxação. Foi avaliada também a porcentagem de casos com recidiva. As lesões patelares observadas foram erosão da cartilagem articular, exposição óssea subcondral, superfície patelar achatada ou côncava e entesófitos. As lesões extra patelares incluíram sinovite, osteófitos, ausência do sulco troclear, erosão das bordas condilares, espessamento da cápsula, lesão do tendão do músculo extensor digital, ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial e prolapso de menisco. As lesões foram encontradas com maior frequência em animais com luxação de Grau II ou III e idade de 24 meses ou mais, sendo mais graves em cães com massa corporal superior a 15 kg. A luxação patelar ocasiona alterações que favorecem a degeneração articular e devem ser tratadas cirurgicamente. O tratamento conservativo alivia a dor, mas não corrige as alterações teciduais.(AU)

Efeito do produto iônico do biovidro 60S na diferenciação osteogênica de células-tronco mesenquimais do tecido adiposo de cães / Effect of ionic product of bioglass 60S in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from the adipose tissue of dogs

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o produto iônico do biovidro 60S (BV60S) na diferenciação osteogênica de células-tronco mesenquimais de origem adiposa (CTM-AD) de cães. As CTM-AD foram diferenciadas sem OSTe com o produto iônico (PI OST) por sete, 14 e 21 dias. Avaliou-se o MTT, a fosfatase alcalina (FA), o colágeno, mineralização e as expressões de osterix (OSX), sialoproteína óssea (BSP), osteonectina (ON) e osteocalcina (OC). O grupo PI OSTmostrou menor conversão de MTT aos sete dias e maior conversão aos 21 dias. A atividade de FA foi maior no grupo OST, aos 14 e 21 dias. A síntese de colágeno foi maior no grupo OST aos sete e 21 dias. Verificou-se maior área mineralizada no grupo PI OSTem todos os tempos. Não houve diferenças nas expressões de OSX e OC entre os grupos. Observou-se maior expressão de BSP no grupo PI OST, aos 14 e 21 dias. A expressão de ON foi maior no grupo OST aos 14 dias. Concluiu-se que o produto iônico do BV60S favorece a osteogênese in vitro de CTM-AD de cães.

The aim was to evaluate the ionic product of 60S bioglass (BV60S) in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ADMSCs) in dogs. ADMSCs were differentiated without the ionic product (OST) and with the ionic product (PI-OST) for 7, 14 and 21 days. We evaluated the MTT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen mineralization and expressions of osterix (OSX), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteonectin (ON) and osteocalcin (OC). The PI-OST group had a lower MTT conversion to 7days and higher conversion at 21 days. The ALP activity was higher in the OST group at 14 and 21 days. Collagen synthesis was higher in the OST group at 7 and 21 days. A higher mineralized area in the PI-OST group was observed at all times. There were no differences in expressions of OSX and OC between groups. We observed increased expression of BSP in the PI-OST group at 14 and 21 days. The expression of ON was higher in the OST group at 14 days. It was concluded that the ionic product of BV60S promotes in vitro osteogenesis of MSC-AD from dogs.

Modified cementless total coxofemoral prosthesis: development, implantation and clinical evaluation / Prótese coxofemoral não cimentada: desenvolvimento, implantação e avaliação clínica

The aim of this study was to modify canine coxofemoral prostheses and the clinical evaluation of the implantation. Fifteen canine hips and femora of cadavers were used in order to study the surface points of modification in prostheses and develop a perforation guide. Femoral stems and acetabular components were perforated and coated with biphasic calcium phosphate layer. Twelve young adult male mongrel dogs were implanted with coxofemoral prostheses. Six were operated upon and implanted with cemented canine modular hip prostheses, establishing the control group. The remaining six were implanted with a novel design of cementless porous tricalcic phosphate-hydroxyapatite coated hip prostheses. Clinical and orthopedic performance, complications, and thigh muscular hypotrophy were assessed up to the 120th post-operatory day. After 120 days, animals with cementless prostheses had similar clinical and orthopedic performance compared to the cemented group despite the increased pain thigh hypotrophy. Animals that underwent cementless hip prosthesis evidenced more pain, compared to animals with cemented hip prosthesis that required longer recuperation time. No luxations, two fractures and two isquiatic neurapraxies were identified in the course of the study. Using both the cemented and the bioactive coated cementless model were suitable to dogs, showing clinical satisfactory results. Osseointegration and biological fixation were observed in the animals with the modified cementless hip prosthesis.

O objetivo deste estudo foi modificar a prótese coxofemoral canina cimentada e avaliar os efeitos clínicos. Foram utilizadas 15 pelves e 15 fêmures de cadáveres de cães para modificações da haste, do componente acetabular e para a confecção de guia de perfuração. As hastes e componentes acetabulares foram perfurados e revestidos com uma camada de fosfato de cálcio bifásico. Doze cães machos, adultos jovens, sem raça definida, foram submetidos à cirurgia para o implante de prótese coxofemoral total. Seis cães receberam prótese modular cimentada, grupo controle, e seis, a prótese modificada não cimentada com revestimento de fosfato de cálcio bifásico. Foram avaliados a técnica de implantação, o desempenho clínico, o grau de hipotrofia muscular da coxa e as complicações durante 120 dias. Os animais com prótese não cimentada mostraram desempenho clínico similar aos animais com a prótese cimentada, porém mostraram maior hipotrofia muscular decorrente de dor e maior tempo de recuperação. Não foram observadas luxações. No entanto, duas fraturas e dois casos de neurapraxia isquiádica foram observados. A utilização de ambas as próteses coxofemorais, cimentada e não cimentada, com recobrimento bioativo são eficientes no cão, com resultados clínicos satisfatórios, mas a osteointegração e fixação biológica ocorreram na prótese com recobrimento de fosfato de cálcio bifásico, objetivo do tratamento que previne afrouxamento futuro.

Aspectos clínicos, cirúrgicos e epidemiológicos da luxação de patela em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário, no período de janeiro de 2000 a julho de 2010: estudo retrospectivo / Clinical, surgical and epidemiological aspects of the patella luxation in dogs examined at the Veterinary Hospital in the period from January 2000 to July 2010: A retrospective study

Avaliaram-se, por meio de estudo retrospectivo, o perfil epidemiológico, os sinais clínicos, as técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas e a recuperação de cães apresentados para tratamento de luxação de patela no Hospital Veterinário da UFMG, no período de 2000 a 2010. Utilizaram-se as fichas clínico-cirúrgicas dos cães e registraram-se os dados referentes a cada animal. Foram estudadas 342 articulações nos registros de 210 animais. A luxação medial congênita bilateral foi a apresentação mais frequente, e as fêmeas foram mais acometidas. A idade dos animais variou de 32 dias a 16 anos, com maior ocorrência da luxação nos animais com até um ano de idade e massa corporal inferior a 9,1kg. Em 11,7% dos membros, a luxação era de grau I, em 39,8% grau II, em 20,5% grau III e em 28% grau IV. A frequência de claudicação pré-operatória foi maior nos cães com luxações graus III e IV. Das 342 articulações, 218 foram submetidas à cirurgia. Na avaliação pós-operatória, os animais com luxação grau IV mostraram maior frequência de claudicação. A luxação patelar acomete principalmente fêmeas, sendo a luxação congênita bilateral a apresentação mais comum, e animais jovens e de pequeno porte são mais susceptíveis. A recuperação funcional pós-operatória nas luxações grau IV é lenta e parcial.

The epidemiological profile, clinical signs, and surgical techniques used and the recovery of dogs presented for treatment of patellar luxation in the Veterinary Hospital of UFMG in the period from 2000 to 2010 were evaluated through a retrospective study. The clinical and surgical records of dogs and the data recorded for each animal were used. 342 joints in the records of 210 animals were studied. The congenital bilateral medial luxation was the most frequent occurrence and females were more affected. The age of the animals ranged from 32 days to 16 years, with higher incidence of luxation in animals under one year of age and body mass below 9.1kg. In 11.7% of the members had grade I luxation, 39.8% were grade II, 20.5% were grade III and 28% were grade IV. The frequency of preoperative claudicating was higher in dogs with luxation grades III and IV. Of the 342 joints, 218 underwent surgery. In the postoperative evaluation of animals, those with grade IV luxation showed higher claudicating frequency. The patellar luxation mainly affects females, and the bilateral congenital luxation is the most common occurrence, and young and small animals are more likely to have it. Functional recovery postoperative luxation in grade IV is slow and partial.

Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectrum in AdS gravitational collapse.

We study black hole formation during the gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field in asymptotically D-dimensional anti-de Sitter AdS(D) spacetimes for D = 4, 5. We conclude that spherically symmetric gravitational collapse in asymptotically AdS spaces is turbulent and characterized by a Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectrum. Namely, we find that after an initial period of weakly nonlinear evolution, there is a regime where the power spectrum of the Ricci scalar evolves as ω(-s) with the frequency, ω, and s ≈ 1.7 ± 0.1.

Impedance spectroscopy investigation of the water-in-oil microemulsions formation.

In this work it was investigated the microemulsion formation using impedance spectroscopy analysis. The results indicated that the microemulsion formation is clearly observed on the impedance complex plane. The phase transition related with microemulsion formation is characterized by a time relaxation distribution. In the condition of the microemulsion formation, the impedance spectra are characterized by a single relaxation time.

Avaliação mecânica da placa de compósito de poli-hidroxibutirato e hidroxiapatita em modelos ósseos de gato / Evaluation of the mechanics of of polyhydroxybutyrate and hydroxyapatite composite plates in bone models of cat

Avaliou-se mecanicamente o compósito de poli-hidroxibutirato 70 por cento e hidroxiapatita 30 por cento na forma de placas para fixação óssea. Foram utilizadas 15 placas do compósito com 60mm de comprimento por 10mm de largura e espessura variando de 3mm no centro a 5mm nas extremidades, com seis orifícios. As placas foram fixadas em um modelo acrílico de fêmur de gato, e o conjunto foi submetido aos testes de flexão com quatro pontos, compressão axial e torção, empregando-se como referência microplacas de aço ASTM-F138 2,0mm. As médias das forças máximas nos testes de flexão e de compressão foram, respectivamente, de 323,20N e 617,70N, para as placas de compósito, e de 352,33N e 547,70N, para as placa de aço. No teste de torção, as médias dos torques máximos foram de 1,01Nm para as placas de compósito e de 1,15Nm para as placas de aço. Não houve diferença estatística entre as placas de compósito e de aço. O comportamento físico do material foi diferente, pois as placas de compósito se romperam e as de aço apenas se deformaram, revelando baixa ductilidade das placas de compósito.

Fixation bone plates made of 70 percent polyhydroxybutyrate and 30 percent hydroxyapatite composite were mechanically evaluated. The fifteen composite plates employed presented six holes and measured 60 x 10mm, length and width, respectively, with thickness ranging from 3 to 5mm according to the region. The plates were fixed in acrylic models of cat femur, then were subjected to tests of four-points bending, axial compression, and torsion, using as reference 2mm stainless steel plates. The means of the maximum force in flexion and compression tests were, respectively, 323.20N and 617,70N for the composite plates and 352.33N and 547.70N for the steel plates. In the torsional test, the means of torque were 1.01Nm for the composite plates and 1.15Nm for steel plates. There were no statistical differences between the plates of composite and steel. The physical behavior of the material was different once the composite plates broke up while the stainless steel ones only presented deformation, revealing the low ductility of the composite plates.

Emprego experimental da placa de compósito poli-hidroxibutirado/hidroxiapatita na fixação femoral em gatos / Experimental employment of polyhydroxybutyrate/hydroxyapatite composite plates in femoral fixation in cats

Avaliou-se o compósito de poli-hidroxibutirado (PHB) 70 por cento e hidroxiapatita (HA) 30 por cento na forma de placas para fixação óssea em gatos. Foram usadas placas do compósito com 60mm de comprimento por 10mm de largura e espessura variando de 3mm no centro a 5mm nas extremidades, com seis orifícios. A placa do compósito foi empregada na fixação de osteotomia de fêmur em quatro gatos, totalizando seis intervenções. Verificou-se a ruptura de cinco placas (83,3 por cento) até o quarto dia e de uma placa (16,7 por cento) aos 21 dias, quando se observou um calo ósseo exuberante. O resultado da implantação da placa no gato mostrou que o compósito não possui resistência suficiente para ser empregado como placas de fixação de fêmur em gatos.

The composite of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) 70 percent and hydroxyapatite (HA) 30 percent was evaluated as plate for bone fixation in cats. The employed composite plates presented six orifices and measured 60 x 10mm, length and width, respectively, with thickness ranging from 3 to 5mm according to the region. The composite plate was used in the fixation of femoral osteotomy in four cats, in a total of six interventions. There were ruptures in five plates (83.3 percent) until day 4 and in one plate (16.7 percent) on the day 21, when it was possible to observe an exuberant osseous callus. The result of the plate deployment in the cat showed that the composite does not have sufficient strength to be used as plate of femoral fixation in cats.

Physico-chemical analysis of metronidazole encapsulation processes in Eudragit copolymers and their blending with amphiphilic block copolymers.

A physico-chemical analysis of metronidazole-Eudragit copolymers L100 and RLPO (a cationic polymeric matrix with an electrophilic character) was carried out in order to explore the drug-polymer interaction and its possible effects on the encapsulation and release profiles. An oil-in-oil encapsulation procedure was designed to obtain more intimate drug-matrix mixtures and to obtain a better insight into the details of the interaction. The encapsulation efficiency obtained in these cases was high (in the range of 85-95%), but the release rates were quite rapid. Solubility and interaction between metronidazole and copolymers are discussed in detail with a view to explaining the results. Amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(ethylene)-b-(polyethylene oxide) (20, 50 and 80% PEO) were tested as a matrix for metronidazole release in order to improve drug profiles. The performance of RLPO as the matrix for drug release was improved by blending it with amphiphilic block copolymer poly(ethylene)-b-(polyethylene oxide) (20% PEO). The release mechanism of metronidazole is governed mainly by the swelling of RLPO, yielding a better fit with the second-order Schott equation.

Physical chemistry behavior of enteric polymer in drug release systems.

We report an analysis based on the electrical impedance (EI) spectrum of the samples of enteric random copolymer poly-methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate as a function of pH of media. Important aspects of the charge transport and conformational processes in enteric polymer can be identified by mapping the complex impedance as a function of the frequency, which allows that some parallelism between titration and EI measurements can be obtained. However, the latter technique reveals details of this complex equilibrium that not appear using common titration methods. The relaxation frequency observed in the impedance spectrum act as a probe for the detection of phase transitions and conformational changes of the polymeric chains, once the distribution of size of particles can be related with this parameter. The progressive introduction of the alkali and the variation of pH between 4 and 10 are associated with a three steps process, related to the equilibrium shift from a precipitated solid or suspension, to a colloidal-like dispersion and to a complete solubilization of the copolymer. All those experimental features were reflected simultaneously as a turning point in plots of impedance, relaxation frequency and visible absorption with alkali addition giving a better and detailed insight to these processes.

Fraturas odontomaxilares e mandibulares em eqüídeos tratados por diferentes técnicas de osteossíntese / Odontomaxillares and mandibularies fractures in equides treated with different osteosynthesis techniques

Oito eqüinos e um muar com fraturas odontomaxilares e mandibulares foram tratados com diferentes técnicas de osteossíntese modificadas, consistindo de cerclagens associadas ou não a bandas de tensão, placa de neutralização e pino intraosseo, sendo este aplicado com metodologia não encontrada na literatura consultada. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos nos eqüideos foram realizados com os animais em estação mediante contenção física, em brete, e química, com sedação ou neuroleptoanalgesia associada a bloqueios anestésicos regionais. Os animais apresentaram capacidade de mastigação e ingestão voluntária no pós-operatório imediato e recuperação óssea adequada.

Eight equines and one mule with odontomaxillaries and mandibularies fractures were treated with different osteosynthesis modified techniques, consisting of cerclages with or without tension bands, neutralization plates, and intraosseous pin applied by a methodology which was not found in the literature. The surgery procedures in equides were performed with the animals in stand position under physical contention, sedation, or neuroleptoanalgesy and regional nerve block. All animals were able to eat voluntarily in the immediate post-operatory time and had good bone recuperation.

Electrical impedance spectroscopy investigation of surfactant-magnetite-polypyrrole particles.

We report an electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterization of composite systems formed by emulsion polymerization of polypyrrole (PPY) in concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) containing dispersed magnetite particles. SDS-(Fe3O4)-(conducting polymer) microaggregates with different iron contents were prepared by varying in a reciprocal manner the relative amounts of the metal oxide and PPY. We have measured the zeta-potential and the average size of the corresponding dispersed particles and examined their relative composition through energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Important aspects of the charge transport in these composite particles can be identified by mapping the real and imaginary parts of their complex impedance as a function of the frequency of the applied external electric field. For instance, for binary composites SDS-(Fe3O4) polarization effects are dominant at the low-frequency regime, with a well-defined dielectric relaxation easily identifiable. On the other hand, when the relative amount of PPY is progressively increased in the ternary SDS-(Fe3O4)-PPY composites, a transition between different charge transport mechanisms is observed at higher frequencies. The EIS results suggest that in these ternary aggregates the PPY chains envelop the metal oxide clusters and effectively shield them from the external field, and that only in binary samples that do not contain PPY is that the surfactant molecules can directly enclose the magnetite particles. These results are consistent with the fact that the average size of the aggregates in the ternary composites is in general larger than those of either SDS-PPY or SDS-magnetite binary particles.

Uso de dilatador temporário em papilas mamárias de vacas, submetidas a lesões experimentais / Use of temporary dilatator in cow mammary papilla submitted to experimental lesions

Trinta e duas papilas mamárias de vacas da raça Holandesa, em período seco, foram submetidas a telotomia lateral que produziu defeito linear na mucosa da parte papilar do seio lactífero (PPSL). Houve excisão de um retângulo de mucosa de tamanho padronizado que provocou um defeito retangular na mucosa do PPSL, oposto à telotomia. Todas as telotomias foram suturadas e, aleatoriamente, em 16 delas foram introduzidas sondas de Foley de 2,7mm de diâmetro, formando o grupo de papilas com dilatador. A distensão dos balonetes das sondas de Foley provocou a dilatação da PPSL o que forçou a manutenção das sondas, por sete dias, na papila mamária. As 16 papilas restantes formaram o grupo de papilas sem dilatador. Foram realizadas videoteloscopias antes (dia 0) e após as telotomias (dia 8, após a retirada das sondas de Foley e dia 15). As avaliações morfológica e histológica do processo de cicatrização dos defeitos lineares e retangulares evidenciaram que o uso de dilatador na PPSL auxiliou na orientação cicatricial, mantendo a patência do seio lactífero em um maior número de papilas, quando os dois grupos foram comparados. A dilatação da PPSL interferiu na cicatrização das telotomias, e provocou maior número de alterações no epitélio de revestimento do seio lactífero

Thirty two mammary teats of Holstein cows, in the dry period, were submitted to histological examination. Lateral thelostomy was performed in all teats, producing a linear defect on the mucous membrane of the lactiferous sinus (MMLS). The teats were also submitted to a standard rectangular excision on the mucous membrane of MMLS, on the opposite side of thelostomy. All thelostomies were sutured and then the teats were divided in 2 groups. One group received Foleys's catheter of 2.7mm in diameter and was designed teat distention group. The 16 remain teats formed the no teat distention group. The Foleys's catheter balloon distention produced MMLS dilatation and also a 7 days maintenance period on the mammary teat. The scar evaluation of the linear and rectangular defects, performed trough morphologic and histological examinations showed that the dilatation on MMLS contributes on the scar orientation, keeping the lactiferous sinus patency in a greater number of teats, when both groups were compared. The MMLS dilatation interferes with telothomies healing, can observe so more alterations on the mucous membrane of lactiferous sinus

Aspectos clínicos e radiográficos do pericárdio bovino como substituto do ligamento cruzado cranial de cães / Clinical and radiographic aspects of the bovine pericardium as a substitute of the canine cranial cruciate ligament

Avaliaram-se os aspectos clínicos e radiográficos do enxerto de pericárdio bovino, preservado em glicerina, como substituto do ligamento cruzado cranial. Quinze cães machos, sem raça definida, pesando entre 17,4 e 31,6 kg, foram submetidos à ruptura experimental do ligamento cruzado cranial e à substituição por pericárdio, via videoartroscopia. Os cães foram divididos em três grupos de cinco e avaliados aos 30, 90 e 120 dias. O membro operado foi imobilizado por duas semanas e procederam-se avaliações clínicas semanais. Radiografias foram feitas mensalmente e foram realizadas colheita de líquido sinovial nos tempos descritos. Clinicamente, os cães mostraram claudicação acentuada a moderada, hipotrofia muscular no membro operado e acentuado deslocamento cranial da tíbia em relação ao fêmur. As alterações degenerativas foram observadas nas radiografias. Observou-se instabilidade acentuada em todos os animais. O líquido sinovial tinha características de inflamação. Concluiu-se que o enxerto rompeu precocemente, provocou reação inflamatória persistente e fenômenos de rejeição, não sendo, portanto, recomendado para substituição do ligamento cruzado cranial de cães

The clinical and radiographic aspects of the bovine pericardium preserved in glicerin, were evaluated as a substitute for canine cranial cruciate ligament. Fifteen male mongrel dogs weighing between 17.4 and 31.6kg had the ligament experimentally ruptured and the stifle joint stabilized by an arthroscopical technique with bovine pericardium as a graft. The dogs were divided into three groups of five animals each. They were evaluated at 30, 90 and 120 days. The operated limb was imobillized for two weeks and clinical examination was performed weekly. Radiographs were taken monthly and the sinovial fluid was collect at 30, 90 and 120 days. Clinically, dogs presented high to moderate lameness, muscle hipotrophy in the operated limb and accentuated cranial drawer movement. Degenerative disease was detected in radiography. All dogs showed total rupture of the graft. Sinovial fluid analysis showed characteristics of inflammation. It can be concluded that pericardium graft failed prematurely, incited persistent inflammatory reaction and rejection phenomena. Thus, it cannot be recommended as a xenograft for cranial cruciate ligament replacement

Efeitos da solução salina hipertônica a 7,5 por cento em glicose a 5 por cento nas concentrações séricas de sódio, cloreto e potássio de eqüinos com hipovolemia induzida / Effects of 7,5 percent hypertonic saline in 5 percent glucose on serum levels of sodium, chloride and potassium in induced hypovolemic horses

Estudaram-se os efeitos de soluções salinas isotônica e hipertônica em eqüinos hipovolêmicos sobre as concentrações séricas de sódio, cloreto e potássio e freqüências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR). Quinze eqüinos machos com peso entre 390 e 475kg e idades entre quatro e 18 anos foram submetidos à retirada de sangue correspondente a 2 por cento do peso corporal e distribuídos em três grupos de igual número: o grupo GSH recebeu solução hipertônica de NaCl a 7,5 por cento em glicose a 5 por cento; o GSI, solução isotônica de NaCl a 0,9 por cento; e o GC não foi tratado. Os eletrólitos séricos foram avaliados antes (T0), após a retirada de sangue (T1) e após a infusão das soluções, entre 20 e 30 minutos (T2), entre 60 e 70 minutos (T3) e entre 120 e 130 minutos (T4). Após T0, houve elevação da FC e da FR, e as concentrações séricas de Na, Cl, K permaneceram inalteradas. Após a infusão, houve melhora das variáveis clínicas em GSI e GSH, em relação ao GC. Quanto a T3 e T4, os valores de Na em T2 do GSH foram maiores, e os de Cl e de K não se alteraram. As soluções hipertônica e isotônica são seguras na correção da hipovolemia induzida e não produzem alteração eletrolítica significativa.

The effect of isotonic and hypertonic solutions on serum levels of sodium, chloride and potassium and cardiac (CR) and respiratory rates (RR) of hypovolemic horses were studied. Fifteen horses weighting from 390 to 475kg, aging from four to 18-years-old were submitted to bleeding of 2 percent of body weight and divided in three groups: 7.5 percent NaCl hypertonic saline in 5 percent glucose (GSH), 0.9 percent NaCl isotonic saline and control group (GC). Serum electrolytes were evaluated before (T0) and after bleeding (T1) and after the administration of the solutions between 20 and 30 minutes (T2), 60 and 70 minutes (T3) and 120 and 130 minutes (T4). After T0, CR and RR increased while serum sodium, chloride, potassium were not affected. After the treatment, the clinical variables improved in GSI and GSH as compared to GC. The Na levels increased in GSH at T2 being higher than T3 and T4 while chloride and potassium concentrations did not change. The hypertonic and isotonic solutions safely corrected the hypovolemia of the horses, without altering significantly the electrolyte balance.

Obstrução estrangulada de jejuno como complicação pós-operatória de ressecção do cólon maior eqüino: relato de caso / Jejunal strangulative obstruction as a post-operative complication of large colon ressection in a mare: case report

Em uma égua, submetida à laparotomia para correção de vólvulo do cólon maior, realizou-se enterectomia próximo ao ligamento cecocólico seguida de enteroanastomose término-terminal. Nas primeiras 24 horas do período pós-operatório, houve piora dos sinais clínicos, com ocorrência de dor, refluxo enterogástrico e agravamento do quadro de endotoxemia. Frente ao prognóstico desfavorável, optou-se pela eutanásia. Durante a necropsia, não foram constatadas falhas na enteroanastomose ou sinais de peritonite séptica. Observou-se encarceramento de uma alça de jejuno, que se apresentava justaposta à extremidade livre da prega cecocólica e comprimida entre o corpo do ceco e o cólon ventral direito remanescente, caracterizando obstrução do tipo estrangulada. Esse achado foi compatível com o agravamento do quadro clínico observado no pós-operatório. Essa ocorrência sugere a necessidade de uma adaptação na técnica de ressecção do cólon maior, de forma a reduzir o espaço cecocólico e evitar um possível encarceramento de alças de intestino delgado.

A mare subjected to laparotomy to treat a large colon volvulus had the large colon transected close to the cecocolic ligament followed by anastomosis using end-to-end technique. Despite intensive care, worsening of the clinical signs occurred during the first 24 hours after surgery including pain, enterogastric reflux and grievance of the endotoxemia symptoms. Euthanasia was performed. During necropsy, no signs of failure of the anastomosis and peritonitis were found but a strangulated segment of jejunum was observed adjacent to the cecocolic fold and compressed by the body of the cecum and the reminiscent rigth ventral colon. This finding was associated with the worsening of the clinical signs during the post-operative period. This report indicates that an adaptation in the large colon resection technique reducing the cecocolic space may be beneficial in avoiding such complication.

Síntese e modelagem molecular do novo derivado indolinônico como candidato a antiinflamatório COX-2 seletivo / Synthesis and molecular modeling of a novel indolinone derivative as a candidate anti-inflammatory selectively inhibiting COX-2

Os fármacos antiinflamatórios são sabidamente os mais comercializados em todo o mundo, e apesar disto apresentam sérios efeitos colaterais, sobretudo no que se refere ao trato gastrintestinal. A descoberta de novos protótipos com atividade e segurança terapêutica melhoradas continua sendo uma busca constante. Com o adventoda química computacional torna-se mais fácil o estudo teórico do comportamento fisiológico de uma nova substância bem como a compreensão do possível mecanismo de ação destas novas moléculas. Assim, através de modelos matemáticos de moléculas e receptores estudou-se neste trabalho o composto I (1-(2,6- diclorofenil)indolin-2-ona) quanto à sua possibilidade deinibir seletivamente a isoforma COX-2 da enzima prostaglandina endoperóxido sintase (PGHS), e também as melhores posições para a introdução de grupamentos químicos e modificações moleculares.

Aggregation of methyl orange probed by electrical impedance spectroscopy.

We present results of an electrical impedance spectroscopy investigation of the evolution of the aggregation of methyl orange (MO) in pure aqueous solutions as the concentration of the dye is varied. By applying the constant phase element (CPE) approximation to model the electrical response of the MO solutions, we have verified that the formation of dimers and oligomers can be recognized by specific signatures in the loss and capacitive components of the dielectric response of the system. We interpret these well-defined changes in the dielectric properties of the solutions as a result of molecular rearrangements caused by the aggregation process that alter the current circulation pathways and the electric dipole distribution. The fact that these specific changes in the dielectric behavior coincide with critical concentrations where dimer and oligomer formation in pure aqueous MO solutions are known to occur suggests that electrical impedance spectroscopy can be a competitive technique for the investigation of aggregation behavior in dyes and surfactants.