Teaching and mental health in medical students.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between quality of life, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students and the university teaching method: traditional method versus active methodology. METHODS: Four questionnaires were administered to volunteer students (n=361) enrolled in two institutions that employ active (Universidade Tiradentes) or traditional (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC) teaching methodology: socioeconomic level; brief quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref); perceived stress scale (PSS10); and depression and anxiety scale (hospital anxiety and depression scale). RESULTS: Of the students who responded to the questionnaires (226 UNIT and 135 FMABC), 70% were female and 67% were White. The majority did not use medication for depression (90%), anxiety (81%), and stress management (91%). Regarding anxiety, it was found: absence in the traditional method and moderate anxiety in the active methodology (26% UNIT×13% FMABC) (p<0.001). Regarding quality of life, it was found to be better quality of life in the environment domain at FMABC (78.12%) versus 71.88% at the UNIT (p<0.001). There was no difference between the institutions in relation to depression and perceived stress, and in quality of lifethere was only a difference in the environmental domain (p<0.001). In relation to gender, stress was higher in females (93.7%) than males (79.6%) with p<0.001. CONCLUSION: Differences were recorded between the groups regarding anxiety, with a predominance in UNIT students (active methodology), and no differences were recorded in relation to depression, perceived stress, and quality of life in all domains, except for the environment domain, which was higher in the traditional methodology, although about one-third of participants used medication for anxiety/depression.

Cardiotoxicity in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy: A systematic review.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the incidence of chemotherapy cardiotoxicity. Methods: This is a systematic review carried out through the PubMed, VHL and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases, using the descriptors "Cardiotoxicity" and "Chemotherapy" associated with the Boolean operator "AND." Initially, 15,090 articles were found between 2015 and 2021. After applying the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 80 studies remained, of which 27 underwent complete reading, after which all were included in the study. Results: In total, 32,009 cancer patients were analyzed, of which 27,270 (85.2%) were female. Breast cancer was the most frequent neoplasm, with 11,145 (34.8%) cases. Regarding the type of chemotherapy, anthracycline was the most prevalent, analyzed in 18 (66.7%) studies, followed by trastuzumab, in 9 (33.3%) studies. Of the studies evaluated, five did not present any case of cardiotoxicity, a total of 2255 (8.3%) cases were recorded, in addition other outcomes mentioned in patients after chemotherapy were arrhythmia (n = 522), acute coronary syndrome (n = 185), diastolic dysfunction (n = 184), cardiomyopathy (n = 161), and arterial hypertension (n = 89). Conclusion: Post-chemotherapeutic cardiotoxicity was mentioned in most studies, being present in a relevant percentage of the sample. Furthermore, these patients may develop other cardiovascular events.

Fatores de risco para uso do tabaco em adolescentes de duas escolas do município de Santo André, São Paulo / Risk factors for tobacco use in adolescent students of two high schools of Santo André city, São Paulo, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores de risco para uso de tabaco em estudantes de duas escolas do ensino médio do município de Santo André (SP) em 2005, bem como traçar o perfil do adolescente experimentador do fumo. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com questionário padronizado, autoaplicável e anônimo aplicado a adolescentes escolares de ambos os sexos, matriculados no primeiro ano do ensino médio de duas escolas de Santo André, uma particular e outra pública. Foram levantadas as seguintes variáveis: idade, sexo, raça, prática de esportes, religião e hábitos do adolescente e da família. Definiu-se como "experimentador do fumo" o adolescente que experimentou cigarro (tabaco) e não continuou o hábito tabagista. Foi feita a análise descritiva com o teste do qui-quadrado e os fatores de risco para "experimentar fumo" foram analisados por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Dos 232 questionários aplicados, 226 (90 por cento) foram respondidos, sendo 137 (61 por cento) na escola particular e 89 (39 por cento) na estadual. Dentre os entrevistados, 54 (24 por cento) referiram já ter experimentado tabaco uma vez na vida (35 na escola privada e 19 na pública). Foram fatores de risco significativos para experimentar fumo na escola particular: mãe fumante (OR 12,4; IC95 por cento 4,1-37,8) e amigos fumantes (OR 9,6; IC95 por cento 3,1-29,9). Na escola pública, os fatores de risco para a mesma variável foram: consumo de bebida alcoólica (OR 8,8; IC95 por cento 1,9-40,1), amigos fumantes, (OR 7,9; IC95 por cento 1,9-31,3) e contato com fumaça do cigarro (OR 6,4; IC95 por cento 1,6-26,2). CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se influência significativa do meio ambiente do adolescente, inclusive social e familiar, para a experimentação do tabaco.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors for tobacco use in high school students of two schools of the city of Santo Andre (São Paulo, Brazil) in 2005, as well as to describe the profile of the adolescent who uses tobacco. METHODS: Cross sectional study that applied a standardized anonimous self-answered questionnaire in adolescents of both genders registered in the first year of a public and a private high school of the city of Santo André (Brazil). The following variables were collected: age, gender, race, practice of sports, religion and habits of the family/adolescent. "Tobacco trier" was defined as those who tried cigarette and did not continue with smoking habits, excluding those who inhaled illicit drugs. Statistical analysis applied chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 226 (90 percent) questionnaires were answered: 137 (61 percent) in the private and 89 (39 percent) in the public school. Among the adolescents, 54 (24 percent) used tobacco (35 - private school and 19 percent - public school). Significant variables associated with tobacco use in the private school were: maternal smoking (OR 12.44; 95 percentCI 4.10-37.79) and friends who are smokers (OR 9.58; 95 percentCI 3.10-29.98). In the public school, the risk factors for smoking were: alcoholic beverage use (OR 8.78; 95 percentCI 1.92-40.06), smoking among friends (OR 7.90; CI95 percent: 1.99-31.29) and contact with cigarette smoke (OR 6.40; 95 percentCI 1.56-26.22). CONCLUSIONS: A significant influence of social and family environment was observed regarding the use of tobacco by adolescents.