Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Heart Transplantation , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Mercury concentrations in oysters from four estuaries in northeastern Brazil varied following source changes during the past 13 years. Concentrations were higher in urban estuaries relative to rural areas, but decreased in the 13-years interval following improvements in solid wastes disposal and sewage treatment. In rural estuaries, the one located in an environmental protection area showed no changes in Hg concentrations in the period. However, in the Jaguaribe estuary, remobilization from soils and sediments due to regional environmental changes, increased Hg concentrations in oysters to values similar to the most contaminated metropolitan sites.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Mercury/analysis , Ostreidae/chemistry , Animals , Brazil , Estuaries , Rhizophoraceae/chemistry , ShellfishABSTRACT
A fermentation system was continuously fed with sugar-cane syrup and operated with recycling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells at temperatures varying from 30 to 47 °C. The aim of the present work was to obtain and study the colonies of isolates showing elongated cells of yeasts which were sporadically observed at the end of this continuous process. Based on a sequence of assays involving methods of classical taxonomy and RAPD-PCR, two groups of isolates showing characteristics of non-Saccharomyces yeasts were identified in the yeast population where S. cerevisiae was the dominant yeast. The largest group of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, resulting from a slow proliferation over the 2 months, reached a final level of 29.6% at the end of the process. RAPD-PCR profiles obtained for the isolates of this dominant non-Saccharomyces yeast indicated that they were isolates of Issatchenkia orientalis. Pichia membranifaciens was the only species of non-Saccharomyces yeast detected together with I. orientalis but at a very low frequency. The optimum temperature for ethanol formation shown by the isolate 195B of I. orientalis was 42 °C. This strain also showed a faster ethanol formation and biomass accumulation than the thermotolerant strain of S. cerevisiae used as the starter of this fermentation process. Some isolates of I. orientalis were also able to grow better at 40 °C than at 30 °C on plates containing glycerol as carbon source. Yeasts able to grow and produce ethanol at high temperatures can extend the fermentation process beyond the temperature limits tolerated by S. cerevisiae.
Subject(s)
Ethanol/metabolism , Fermentation , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Saccharomycetales/growth & development , Biomass , DNA, Fungal/analysis , Industrial Microbiology , Pichia/growth & development , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Saccharomycetales/classification , Saccharomycetales/isolation & purification , TemperatureABSTRACT
AIMS: The aim of this study was to obtain improved strains of pectinolytic yeasts adapted to the conditions of an industrial fermentation process, which was continuously operated to convert citrus molasses into ethanol. METHODS AND RESULTS: The starter yeast of the industrial fermentation process was a commercial baker's yeast, which was capable of growing without forming any secretion halo of pectinase activity on solid medium. Nevertheless, isolates showing secretion of pectinolytic activity on plates were obtained from the fermentation process. The secretion of pectin-degrading activity by isolates on plates was repressed by galactose and improved as the result of colony aging on polygalacturonic acid plates at 30 degrees C. Liquefaction of polygalacturonate gels as well as the splitting of the pectin-degrading activity into a wall-linked and a supernatant fraction were also observed when the starter yeast was propagated under agitation in liquid medium containing pectin. CONCLUSIONS: Isolates capable of secreting pectinolytic activity on plates were predominant at the end of the citrus molasses fermentation. Nevertheless, the sizes of the secretion haloes on plates were not necessarily an indication of the levels of pectinolytic activity secreted in the liquid medium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Improved pectinolytic strains of Saccharomyces can be used as a source of pectinases for a variety of applications. This organism also participates in plant deterioration processes.
Subject(s)
Citrus/microbiology , Molasses/microbiology , Pectins/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Culture Media , Fermentation , Food Microbiology , Galactose/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Polygalacturonase/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam 4 casos de sindrome de Kluver Bucy parcial e completa comentam sobre o quadro clinico, a etiologia e associacao com atrofia de lobos temporais.Chamam atencao sobre a possibilidade de ocorrer casos cujo diagnostico passaria desapercebido
Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Behavior , Psychosurgery , Temporal LobeABSTRACT
The case of two patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast are reported. In case 1, the predominant pattern was that of a solid, basaloid, cylindromatous tumor, whereas case 2 showed the typical adenoid cystic appearance. Results of electron microscopical study confirmed that many of the cystic spaces seen by light microscopy were extracellular compartments enclosed by tumor cells. Many of the tumor cells contained densely packed fibrils, which support the myoepithelial origin of these tumors. Approximately 92 well-documented reports of this lesion are briefly reviewed.
