Alteridade e empatia: virtudes essenciais para a formação do cirurgião-dentista / Alterity and empathy: essential virtues for the formation of the dentist

O atendimento profissional vinculado à saúde se deve a certas premissas que ultrapassam o aspecto meramente técnico. Para que transformações ocorram, a atenção às mudanças curriculares é indispensável durante a formação do cirurgião-dentista. O ensino superior carece de estratégias que remodelem a forma de se pensar o outro. Empatia e alteridade são virtudes que, se desencadeadas, podem alterar a relação profissional-paciente. Buscou-se elucidar o significado desses conceitos, como proposta reflexiva em consonância com o atendimento humanizado em saúde, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN), e o contato com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), como propulsores de transformações no meio acadêmico. Adotou-se a revisão narrativa da literatura, pela pesquisa documental, contemplando a legislação nacional acerca da educação superior em Odontologia, somada a consulta às bases científicas Medline, LILACS e SciELO. As palavras-chave empregadas foram: alteridade, empatia, empathy, humanização da assistência e humanization of assistance, no período de 2004 a 2017. Foram selecionados textos completos na área odontológica que contemplassem a interrelação entre os temas. A síntese qualitativa da literatura consultada permitiu a observação de que houve uma mudança, ainda não totalmente concretizada, mas relevante, com relação à ultrapassagem do foco apenas técnico e curativo, como bem proposto nas DCN e tão almejado pelo SUS quanto ao profissional ingressante na vida pública. Concluiu-se que o atendimento humanizado em Odontologia ainda é um desafio. Contudo, mudanças acadêmicas que suscitem o despertar das virtudes de alteridade e empatia devem se concretizar (AU).

Professional care related to health must be based on certain assumptions that go beyond the technical aspect. For transformations to take place, attention to curricular changes is indispensable during the formation of the dental surgeon. The higher education lacks strategies that reshape the way one thinks about the other. Empathy and alterity are virtues that are unleashed, can alter the professional-patient relationship. The aim was to discuss the proposals of the National Curricular Guidelines (NCG), and the contact with the Unified Health System (UHS), as drivers of changes in the academic environment. It was adopted the narrative review of the literature, through documentary research, contemplating the national legislation on higher education in Dentistry, in addition to consulting the scientific bases Medline, LILACS, and SciELO. The keywords used were: alteridade, empatia, empathy, humanização da assistência e humanization of assistance, from 2004 to 2017. Full texts were selected in the dental area that contemplated the interrelationship between the themes. The qualitative synthesis of the literature consulted allowed the observation that there was a change, not yet fully realized, but relevant, in relation to the surpassing of the only technical and curative focus, as well proposed in the NCG and so longed for by the UHS as the professional in public life. Humanized care in Dentistry is still a challenge. However, academic changes that arouse the awakening of the virtues of alterity and empathy must materialize (AU).

Effectiveness of different final irrigation techniques and placement of endodontic sealer into dentinal tubules.

The aim of this study was to compare two irrigation techniques and four devices for endodontic sealer placement into the dentinal tubules. Ninety-nine single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and allocated to either the control (CO) (n=11) or experimental groups according to the irrigation method: syringe and NaveTip needle (NT) (n=44), and EndoActivator (EA) (n=44). These groups were subdivided according to sealer placement into K-File (KF), lentulo spiral (LS), Easy Clean (EC), and EndoActivator (EA) subgroups. Moreover, the distances of 5 mm and 2 mm from the apex were analyzed. The teeth were obturated with AH Plus and GuttaCore X3. Analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy associated to cathodoluminescence. The percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured. Data were evaluated by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Games-Howell test (p<0.05). EA was superior to NT in percentage of sealer penetration. EC was significantly superior to EA (subgroup) for sealer penetration, and both improved the percentage of sealer penetration when compared to LS. Better sealer penetration was observed at the distance of 5 mm from the apex. Sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules was significantly improved by sonic irrigant activation.

Effectiveness of different final irrigation techniques and placement of endodontic sealer into dentinal tubules

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare two irrigation techniques and four devices for endodontic sealer placement into the dentinal tubules. Ninety-nine single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and allocated to either the control (CO) (n=11) or experimental groups according to the irrigation method: syringe and NaveTip needle (NT) (n=44), and EndoActivator (EA) (n=44). These groups were subdivided according to sealer placement into K-File (KF), lentulo spiral (LS), Easy Clean (EC), and EndoActivator (EA) subgroups. Moreover, the distances of 5 mm and 2 mm from the apex were analyzed. The teeth were obturated with AH Plus and GuttaCore X3. Analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy associated to cathodoluminescence. The percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured. Data were evaluated by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Games-Howell test (p<0.05). EA was superior to NT in percentage of sealer penetration. EC was significantly superior to EA (subgroup) for sealer penetration, and both improved the percentage of sealer penetration when compared to LS. Better sealer penetration was observed at the distance of 5 mm from the apex. Sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules was significantly improved by sonic irrigant activation.

Thermoplastic endodontic obturation - TC system: case report

Introduction: The TC system, developed in 2002, allows the endodontic filling by means of a non-conventional technique that uses gutta-percha at alpha phase, thermoplasticized in its own oven, placed into canal through a McSpadden compactor, without using a main cone. Objective: The aim of this case report was to show the TC system used for root canal filling. Case report: Three teeth of a patient was indicated for endodontic treatment, so TC system was used for the root filling. Conclusion: This technique showed to be effective for the root canal filling.

Influence of Cervical and Apical Enlargement Associated with the WaveOne System on the Transportation and Centralization of Endodontic Preparations.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate through computed microtomography the transportation and centralization of root canals instrumented using the WaveOne system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) associated or unassociated with previous apical and cervical enlargements. METHODS: Thirty-six mandibular molars were selected with independent mesial roots and curvatures and randomized into the following groups: PathFile (Dentsply Maillefer) before WaveOne Primary (the PFWO group), ProTaper Universal SX (Dentsply Maillefer) before WaveOne Primary (the SXWO group), and WaveOne Primary (the WO group). Computed microtomographic imaging was performed pre- and postpreparation to obtain measurements of mesial and distal dentin walls and calculations of root canal transportation (%) and centralization. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the different groups, repeated measures analysis of variance for comparison of the root thirds in each group, and the Student t test for comparisons between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals. RESULTS: Transportation of the cervical and middle thirds to the danger zone was observed in both roots, whereas the apical thirds were transported to the outer face of the curvature. In the PFWO and SXWO groups, less transportation was observed in the middle thirds of the mesiobuccal canals compared with the WO group (P < .05). Centralization remained almost unchanged in the SXWO group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In each group, transportation toward the danger zone was mostly observed in the cervical thirds of the mesiobuccal canals. Cervical or apical enlargement resulted in reduced transportation and improved centralization of the middle thirds compared with the exclusive use of the WaveOne system.

Epidemiological data and relevance of care provided in dental emergency service of a private hospital

Introduction and Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the etiology and prevalence of dental emergency visits in a private hospital in the period from July 2009 to July 2011 and the importance of this type of service in private hospitals. Material and methods: During the study period, we analyzed 795 charts from patients seeking emergency services. The emergencies were classified as trauma, odontalgia, prosthesis, periodontal diseases, and traumatic factors. Results: Women and men accounted for 61% and 39% of cases, respectively, and the most prevalent age group was individuals aged 20 to 49 years. The predominant types of dental emergencies observed were odontalgia (52.58%) and dental trauma (22.64%). Pulpitis was the most common pathology (67% of cases) and the most frequent type of trauma was enamel and dentin fracture (54% of cases). Conclusion: A high demand for dental emergency care exists in hospital settings. Most people seek emergency dental services for emergencies related to lack of prevention and dental traumas.