ABSTRACT
The effect of the presence of gasoline and diesel on the speciation and mobility of inorganic arsenic species in tropical topsoils was investigated. Topsoil samples (n = 25) were contaminated with gasoline and diesel (500 mg kg-1) in laboratory and were incubated under unsaturated conditions and regular aeration for 21 days. Speciation analysis and chemical fractionation were performed in the pore water from control, gasoline, and diesel-contaminated soil samples. Arsenic concentrations were compared to microbiological parameters (microbial metabolic quotient and soil basal breathing) and the presence of ArsM-harboring bacteria. The spike of gasoline and diesel to the topsoils increased pore water As3+ (H3AsO3) concentration. Arsenic mobilization was lower compared to previously reported data for other sources of organic matter (biochar, litter, and a mixture of sphagnum peat moss and composted poultry manure). However, gasoline or diesel addition mobilized As fractions that were adsorbed to the solid phase, in approximately 60% of the soils. Methylation presented an important role in the As3+ regulation in control soils, which was no longer observed after gasoline or diesel addition. The quantification of the labile fractions sampled by the diffusive gradients in thin films technique showed that the increased As concentration in the gasoline or diesel-contaminated soils mostly included inert species. Dissolved organic carbon content seems to be an important control mechanism of the labile As concentration. The increase in As mobility seems to pose a more concerning scenario due to As leaching than to plant uptake.
Subject(s)
Arsenic , Soil Pollutants , Gasoline , Soil/chemistry , Arsenic/analysis , Biodegradation, Environmental , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Soil MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Metal and metalloid concentrations in the liver tissue of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) stranded on the Brazilian coast (n = 506) were studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The influences of occurrence registers (date and location) and biological characteristics (sex, age, and developmental stage) were assessed, as well as the temporal influences of oil exploration and production activities. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Hg were the highest reported for the liver of C. mydas on the Brazilian coast. The mean element concentrations followed the order: Cu > Zn > Cd > Mn > As > Hg > Mo > Pb > V > Ni > Ba > Cr. Further, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for Hg between the sexes (males > females) and for As, Cu, Pb, Mo, and V between young individuals and older individuals (≥11 years), suggesting a relationship between the dietary shift inherent to green turtle development. These results were corroborated by the curved carapace length (CCL) data, wherein individuals residing in coastal areas (CCL > 50 cm) presented higher concentrations of Cu, Pb, Mo, Zn, Ba, and V than those in the oceanic stage (CCL < 30 cm). The opposite pattern was observed for As and Hg. The influences of spatial autocorrelation (Moran Index) at a global scale and oil production activities on the element concentrations were not observed. However, five hotspots of high metal concentrations were identified via a local spatial autocorrelation (local indicator of spatial association), existing predominantly in a region of heavy anthropic activity within the sampling area. Further, baseline element concentrations were established at the 95% confidence level. Overall, the developmental stage, which is related to feeding habits, had an expressive influence on element concentrations.
Subject(s)
Metalloids , Metals, Heavy , Turtles , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Brazil , Environmental Monitoring , Female , Liver/chemistry , Male , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
A carência de cultura científica, e de espaços educacionais apropriados para incrementá-la, parecem contribuir à morbimortalidade do câncer uterino pelo vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) em mulheres de baixo grau de escolaridade. Com base na abordagem da pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico, nosso trabalho procurou demonstrar que, devido à interação das mulheres entre si e delas com a equipe de saúde, as clientes parecem conviver melhor com seus conflitos biopsicossociais. Observamos que a efetividade dos tratamentos está também relacionada à escuta interessada das clientes com papilomavirose, estando sujeitas a agravos em conseqüência de práticas curativas e automatizadas, cotidianamente exercidas por profissionais do sistema público de saúde. Assim sendo, realizamos com base em Freire, o desenvolvimento de um processo socioeducativo que suscitou, como produto, a criação de uma sala de espera interativa no Setor de Ginecologia de um hospital universitário. O principal objetivo foi converter um espaço de espera em uma sala com a preocupação não só de acolhimento, com também de um constante processo de construção compartilhada de saberes. Ao mesmo tempo, práticas ligadas à promoção da saúde e à prevenção do câncer são desenvolvidas, conforme reivindica a atual Política Nacional de Humanização da Saúde.
Subject(s)
Educational and Promotional Materials , Health Education , Health Promotion , Humanization of Assistance , Uterine Neoplasms , Women's Health , Health Policy , Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, HospitalABSTRACT
Apoiado nas premissas teóricas das redes sociais, este estudo busca compreender os significados compartilhados pelos candidatos que foram indicados por terceiros a participar de processos de seleção. Mais especificamente, toma como foco a percepção sobre o poder da rede de relacionamentos na indicação, considerada como parte do processo de seleção. A coleta de dados identificou os papéis sociais desempenhados pelas pessoas que fazem as indicações. Um questionário fechado foi usado para medir o grau de interação, e uma questão aberta foi usada nas entrevistas para capturar os significados compartilhados sobre a indicação como parte do processo de seleção. Os dados foram formatados segundo a estatística descritiva e a análise de conteúdo para material textual. A amostra reuniu 30 candidatos que, no transcorrer de sua carreira profissional, participaram de algum processo de seleção através da indicação. Os 30 candidatos citaram um total de 119 pessoas e os seus respectivos papéis sociais. Essas 119 pessoas foram as responsáveis pelas indicações. Os significados compartilhados indicam a existência de categorias próprias de pensamento sobre o contexto das indicações para os processos de seleção. O estudo traz contribuição teórica para a área de recrutamento e seleção, por mostrar o poder das redes sociais e a existência de aspectos tanto positivos quanto negativos relacionados às indicações. Vale destacar as categorias "responsabilidade" e "temor" dos que foram indicados, no que diz respeito a não atenderem às expectativas daqueles que os indicaram(AU)
Supported by the theoretical premises of social networks, this study seeks to understand the shared meaning for candidates who were nominated by third parties to participate in selection processes. More specifically, it takes as focus the perception of the influence of the social network in the recommendation, as part of the selection process. The collected data identified the roles played by those who make the nominations. A closed questionnaire was used to measure the degree of interaction and an open question was used in interviews to capture the shared meanings of the nominations as part of the selection process. The data were prepared in the form of descriptive statistics and content analysis, for textual material. The sample collected 30 candidates that, during their professional careers, were nominated and participated in some selection process. The 30 candidates cited a total of 119 persons and their respective social roles. These 119 people were responsible for the nominations. The shared views indicate the existence of proper categories of thought about the context of the nominations for the selection processes. The study provides a theoretical contribution for the Recruitment and Selection area by showing the power of the social networks and the existence of aspects, both positive and negative, related to nominations. It is worth mentioning the categories of "responsibility" and "fear" of those who were nominated, with respect to not meeting the expectations of those who nominated them(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Personnel Selection , Computer Communication Networks , Social Behavior , Psychology, IndustrialABSTRACT
Apoiado nas premissas teóricas das redes sociais, este estudo busca compreender os significados compartilhados pelos candidatos que foram indicados por terceiros a participar de processos de seleção. Mais especificamente, toma como foco a percepção sobre o poder da rede de relacionamentos na indicação, considerada como parte do processo de seleção. A coleta de dados identificou os papéis sociais desempenhados pelas pessoas que fazem as indicações. Um questionário fechado foi usado para medir o grau de interação, e uma questão aberta foi usada nas entrevistas para capturar os significados compartilhados sobre a indicação como parte do processo de seleção. Os dados foram formatados segundo a estatística descritiva e a análise de conteúdo para material textual. A amostra reuniu 30 candidatos que, no transcorrer de sua carreira profissional, participaram de algum processo de seleção através da indicação. Os 30 candidatos citaram um total de 119 pessoas e os seus respectivos papéis sociais. Essas 119 pessoas foram as responsáveis pelas indicações. Os significados compartilhados indicam a existência de categorias próprias de pensamento sobre o contexto das indicações para os processos de seleção. O estudo traz contribuição teórica para a área de recrutamento e seleção, por mostrar o poder das redes sociais e a existência de aspectos tanto positivos quanto negativos relacionados às indicações. Vale destacar as categorias "responsabilidade" e "temor" dos que foram indicados, no que diz respeito a não atenderem às expectativas daqueles que os indicaram.
Supported by the theoretical premises of social networks, this study seeks to understand the shared meaning for candidates who were nominated by third parties to participate in selection processes. More specifically, it takes as focus the perception of the influence of the social network in the recommendation, as part of the selection process. The collected data identified the roles played by those who make the nominations. A closed questionnaire was used to measure the degree of interaction and an open question was used in interviews to capture the shared meanings of the nominations as part of the selection process. The data were prepared in the form of descriptive statistics and content analysis, for textual material. The sample collected 30 candidates that, during their professional careers, were nominated and participated in some selection process. The 30 candidates cited a total of 119 persons and their respective social roles. These 119 people were responsible for the nominations. The shared views indicate the existence of proper categories of thought about the context of the nominations for the selection processes. The study provides a theoretical contribution for the Recruitment and Selection area by showing the power of the social networks and the existence of aspects, both positive and negative, related to nominations. It is worth mentioning the categories of "responsibility" and "fear" of those who were nominated, with respect to not meeting the expectations of those who nominated them.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Behavior , Psychology, Industrial , Computer Communication Networks , Personnel SelectionABSTRACT
A prevalência das enteroparasitoses foi verificada através de inquérito coproparasitológico realizado de março de 1990 a outubro de 1991, em 1.381 pré-escolares provenientes de quatro comunidades faveladas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Por meio da técnica de Blagg et al. (1955), foi encontrada uma positividade geral de 54,5. Os parasitos mais freqüentes foram Giardia lamblia e Ascaris lumbricoides, em cerca de 25,0 por cento das crianças investigadas. Correlaçäo estatisticamente significativa foi observada entre idade e positividade nas crianças menores de três anos. Sugeriu-se que tratamento antiparasitário e modificaçöes ambientais sejam implementados para o controle das infecçöes parasitárias nesta populaçäo.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology , Poverty AreasABSTRACT
Six days old neonate with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum is reported in which a communication was established between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. The membraneous atresia was perforated with a special radiofrequency catheter 2F connected to a Hat 200S radiofrequency generator (Osypka). The energy necessary to perforation was 15W. After perforation of the atresia, balloon dilation was performed (balloon diameter: 2, 3, 4mm of coronary angioplasty and 5, 8mm Penta Medi-tech). The valve was completely opened giving the continuity between right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Catheterization , Pulmonary Atresia , Catheter Ablation , Heart Septum/surgery , Angiography , Electrocardiography , Heart SeptumABSTRACT
A leishmaniose tegumentar americana é uma das mais importantes protozooses brasileiras, pertencendo ao campo das doenças tropicais e da dermatologia. Fazem-se uma pequena revisäo, enfocando o assunto sob a óptica da parasitologia médica
