Brazilian Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Individuals with Severe Obesity.

PURPOSE: Adapting and validating the Portuguese version of Br-YFAS 2.0-Obes to allow it to be used by the Brazilian candidates for bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 329 individuals with body mass indexes (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, candidates for bariatric surgery at a reference hospital in Brazil. They were given a questionnaire that identified sociodemographic data, and the YFAS 2.0 scale, Portuguese version (BR-YFAS2.0-Obes), was applied to assess their food dependence levels. The Food Craving Questionnaire - Trait: The FCQ-T-reduced was subsequently used for a correlation analysis. RESULTS: The patients' average BMI was 41.6 ± 8.8 kg/m2. Br-YFAS2.0-Obes presented an average of 4.9 ± 3.1 for the FA diagnostic criteria. The resulting values of the Comparative Fit Index, Tucker Lewis Index, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual were 0.990, 0.986, and 0.074, respectively. The internal consistency analysis of the 11 domains presented a Kuder-Richardson α of 0.82. The convergent validity, obtained through an analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficient, was r = 0.43 (p < 0.001). It was found that an increase in the number of Br-YFAS 2.0-Obes symptoms is associated with an increase in the FCQ-T-r mean. CONCLUSION: Much like the YFAS 2.0 in other languages, the BR-YFAS 2.0-Obes presented adequate convergent validity, reliability, and one-factor structure results, which makes it suitable for Brazilian candidates for bariatric surgery or any individual who is within BMI > = 30 kg/m2.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia, atherogenic and cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the lipid profile and cardiovascular risk of overweight and obese adolescents and correlate the findings with anthropometric measurements. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study on overweight and obese adolescents of both sexes (aged 14 to 18 years old). The collected variables were sex, weight, height, age, total cholesterol, triglycerides, High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Castelli Risk Indices I and II were calculated. These indices were classified into cutoff points to stratify cardiovascular risk. The anthropometric profile was evaluated by Z score according to Body Mass Index for age. Significance level was considered as p≤0.05. RESULTS: A total of 146 adolescents participated in the study; the mean age was 16.4±1.1 years and most of them were girls (74.7%) and obese (52.7%). The prevalent dyslipidemias were high triglycerides (47.9%), LDL (26.7%), total cholesterol (37.7%), and low HDL (46.6%). Most adolescents presented increased atherogenic risk according to the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (55.5%); 15.1% presented high cardiovascular risk according to Castelli Risk Index I; and 13.7%, according to Castelli Risk Index II. Boys presented higher values of anthropometric measurements and Castelli Risk Indices I and II in relation to girls - who, conversely, presented higher values of HDL. There was a positive correlation of the Z score with Atherogenic Index of Plasma and a negative correlation with HDL. CONCLUSIONS: The adolescents of the study presented high prevalence of cardiovascular and atherogenic risk according to the evaluated indices. In addition, the increased cardiovascular risk was correlated with higher Body Mass Index.

Improvements in Compassion and Fears of Compassion throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Study.

During large-scale disasters, social support, caring behaviours, and compassion are shown to protect against poor mental health outcomes. This multi-national study aimed to assess the fluctuations in compassion over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents (Time 1 n = 4156, Time 2 n = 980, Time 3 n = 825) from 23 countries completed online self-report questionnaires measuring the flows of compassion (i.e., Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales) and fears of compassion toward self and others and from others (i.e., Fears of Compassion Scales) and mental health at three time-points during a 10-month period. The results for the flows of compassion showed that self-compassion increased at Time 3. Compassion for others increased at Time 2 and 3 for the general population, but in contrast, it decreased in health professionals, possibly linked to burnout. Compassion from others did not change in Time 2, but it did increase significantly in Time 3. For fears of compassion, fears of self-compassion reduced over time, fears of compassion for others showed more variation, reducing for the general public but increasing for health professionals, whilst fears of compassion from others did not change over time. Health professionals, those with compassion training, older adults, and women showed greater flows of compassion and lower fears of compassion compared with the general population, those without compassion training, younger adults, and men. These findings highlight that, in a period of shared suffering, people from multiple countries and nationalities show a cumulative improvement in compassion and reduction in fears of compassion, suggesting that, when there is intense suffering, people become more compassionate to self and others and less afraid of, and resistant to, compassion.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia, atherogenic and cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese adolescents / Prevalência de dislipidemia, risco aterogênico e cardiovascular em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade

Abstract Objective: To analyze the lipid profile and cardiovascular risk of overweight and obese adolescents and correlate the findings with anthropometric measurements. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on overweight and obese adolescents of both sexes (aged 14 to 18 years old). The collected variables were sex, weight, height, age, total cholesterol, triglycerides, High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Castelli Risk Indices I and II were calculated. These indices were classified into cutoff points to stratify cardiovascular risk. The anthropometric profile was evaluated by Z score according to Body Mass Index for age. Significance level was considered as p≤0.05. Results: A total of 146 adolescents participated in the study; the mean age was 16.4±1.1 years and most of them were girls (74.7%) and obese (52.7%). The prevalent dyslipidemias were high triglycerides (47.9%), LDL (26.7%), total cholesterol (37.7%), and low HDL (46.6%). Most adolescents presented increased atherogenic risk according to the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (55.5%); 15.1% presented high cardiovascular risk according to Castelli Risk Index I; and 13.7%, according to Castelli Risk Index II. Boys presented higher values of anthropometric measurements and Castelli Risk Indices I and II in relation to girls — who, conversely, presented higher values of HDL. There was a positive correlation of the Z score with Atherogenic Index of Plasma and a negative correlation with HDL. Conclusions: The adolescents of the study presented high prevalence of cardiovascular and atherogenic risk according to the evaluated indices. In addition, the increased cardiovascular risk was correlated with higher Body Mass Index.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o perfil lipídico e os índices de risco cardiovascular de adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade e correlacionar os achados com medidas antropométricas. Métodos: Estudo transversal com adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade de ambos os sexos (14 a 18 anos). Foram coletadas as variáveis: sexo, peso, altura, idade, colesterol total, triglicerídeos, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c) e lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-c). Calcularam-se o índice aterogênico plasmático e os índices de Castelli I e II. Eles foram classificados em pontos de corte para estratificar o risco cardiovascular. O perfil antropométrico foi avaliado por meio do escore Z com base no índice de massa corporal para a idade. Considerou-se o nível de significância p≤0,05. Resultados: Foram incluídos 146 adolescentes, com média de idade de 16,4±1,1 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino (74,7%) e obesa (52,7%). As dislipidemias prevalentes foram: triglicerídeos (47,9%), LDL-c (26,7%), colesterol total (37,7%) elevado e HDL-c baixo (46,6%). A maioria apresentou risco aterogênico aumentado pelo índice aterôgenico plasmático (55,5%); 15,1% apresentaram alto risco cardiovascular segundo o índice de Castelli I e 13,7%, segundo o índice de Castelli II. Os meninos apresentaram valores superiores de medidas antropométricas e índices de Castelli I e II em relação às meninas, que, por outro lado, apresentaram valores superiores de HDL-c. Houve correlação positiva do escore Z com o índice aterôgenico plasmático e negativa com HDL-c. Conclusões: Os adolescentes do estudo apresentaram alta prevalência de risco cardiovascular e aterogênico conforme os índices avaliados. Além disso, o risco cardiovascular aumentado foi correlacionado com maior índice de massa corporal.

Terapia de aceitação e compromisso para redução do estresse em universitários: um estudo qualitativo / Acceptance and commitment therapy for university students: a qualitative study / Terapia de aceptación y compromiso para estudiantes universitarios: un estudio cualitativo

Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar a percepção de alunos de graduação em relação à sua participação em uma intervenção baseada na terapia de aceitação e compromisso (acceptance and commitment therapy[ACT]), para redução da inflexibilidade psicológica (IP) e do estresse em estudantes universitários. Parti­ciparam da pesquisa 21 alunos, de diferentes cursos de graduação, com idade média de 23,4 ± 5,61, sendo 71,4% do sexo feminino e 28,6% do sexo masculino. Os dados coletados nas entrevistas foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e organizados em quatro categorias: experiência no programa, utilidade, viabilidade e sugestões e processos da ACT. Os resultados possibilitaram identificar que o programa foi uma experiên-cia positiva para os participantes. Além disso, constatou-se que a intervenção foi útil e viável, e possibili-tou que os estudantes desenvolvessem as habilidades necessárias para lidar melhor com as adversidades do dia a dia, sem que precisassem se afastar dos seus valores pessoais.

This study aims to explore undergraduate students' perception of their participation in an intervention, based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), to reduce psychological inflexibility (PI) and stress in undergraduate students. Twenty­one students from different undergraduate programs participated in the research, with an average age of 23.4 ± 5.61, of whom 71.4% were female and 28.6% were male. The data collected in the interviews were submitted to content analysis and organized into four categories: experience in the program, utility, feasibility, and ACT suggestions and processes. The results made it possible to identify that the program was a positive experience for the participants, the intervention was useful and feasible and enabled students to develop the requirements to better deal with the adversities of daily life without departing from their personal values.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la percepción de los estudiantes de pregrado sobre su participa-ción en una intervención, basada en la terapia de aceptación y compromiso (acceptance and commitment therapy [ACT]), para reducir la inflexibilidad psicológica (IP) y el estrés en los estudiantes de pregrado. En la investigación participaron 21 estudiantes de diferentes carreras, con una edad promedio de 23,4 ± 5,61, de los cuales el 71,4% eran mujeres y el 28,6% hombres. Los datos recolectados en las entrevistas fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido y organizados en cuatro categorías: experiencia en el programa, utilidad, factibilidad y sugerencias y procesos de ACT. Los resultados permitieron identificar que el programa fue una experiencia positiva para los participantes, la intervención fue útil y factible y permitió a los estudian-tes desarrollar los requisitos necesarios para enfrentar mejor las adversidades de la vida diaria, sin apar-tarse de sus valores personales.

Efeitos do Trabalho de Regulação Infantil nas Competências Socioemocionais de Crianças no Ambiente Escolar / Effects of Child Regulation Work on Socioemotional Competencies of Children in the School Environment / Efectos del Trabajo de Regulación Infantil sobre las Competências Socioemocionales de los Niños en Escuela

Esse estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos do Trabalho de Regulação Infantil nas competências socioemocionais e problemas de comportamento, assim como nos escores da sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva em crianças com idade entre 7 e 9 anos. Trata-se de um estudo quasi-experimental, em que comparou-se o grupo experimental com o grupo do tipo lista de espera antes e após a intervenção no ambiente escolar. Os responsáveis preencheram o Social Skills Rating System e a Emotional Regulation Checklist. As crianças preencheram a Social Skills Rating System, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders e Children Depression Inventory. Foram identificados resultados significativos no aumento das habilidades sociais e regulação emocional, assim como diminuição nos escores de problemas de comportamento e nos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, no grupo experimental. A diferença entre grupos ocorreu apenas nos níveis de habilidades sociais e regulação emocional. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que o Trabalho de Regulação Infantil pode ser uma proposta de prevenção de problemas emocionais e de comportamento na escola.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Child Regulation Work on socioemotional skills, behavior problems and on scores of symptoms of anxiety and depression in children aged 7 to 9 years. This is a quasi-experimental study, in which the experimental group was compared with the waiting list group, before and after the intervention in the school environment. Those responsible answered the Social Skills Rating System and the Emotional Regulation Checklist. Children answered the Social Skills Rating System, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and Children Depression Inventory. Significant results were identified in increase of social skills and levels of emotional regulation, and a significant decrease in behavior problems and symptoms of anxiety and depression, in the experimental group. The significant difference between the groups occurred only in levels of social skills and emotional regulation scores. Given the results, it is concluded that the Child Regulation Work can be a proposal for the prevention of emotional and behavioral problems at school.

Este estudio evaluó los efectos del Trabajo de Regulación Infantil sobre las habilidades socioemocionales y los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en niños de 7 a 9 años. Este es un estudio cuasi-experimental, en que se comparó el grupo experimental con el grupo lista de espera, antes y después de la intervención en el entorno escolar. Los responsables completaron el Social Skills Rating Systemy la Emotional Regulation Checklist. Los niños completaron el Social Skills Rating System, la Screenfor Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders y el Children Depression Inventory. Se identificaron resultados significativos en el aumento de las habilidades sociales, los niveles de regulación emocional y una disminución de los problemas de conducta, síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, en el grupo experimental. La diferencia entre los grupos ocurrió solamente en los niveles de habilidades sociales y regulación emocional. Dados los resultados, se concluye que el Trabajo de Regulación Infantil puede ser una propuesta para la prevención de problemas emocionales y de comportamiento en la escuela.

Evidências de validade do Inventário de Compensação de Young (YCI) para a população do Rio Grande do Sul / Validity evidence of the Young Compensation Inventory (YCI) for the population of Rio Grande do Sul / Evidencias de validez del Inventario de Compensación Young (YCI) para la población de Rio Grande do Sul

O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a estrutura fatorial e as evidências de validade do Inventário de Compensação de Young (YCI) para a população do Rio Grande do Sul. Contou-se com a participação de 504 adultos da população geral, com média de idade de 34,2 anos (DP = 12,9). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário de Esquemas de Young - Versão Breve (YSQ-S3), a Escala de Avaliação dos Sintomas (SCL-90-R) e o YCI. Os dados foram coletados através de plataforma online. Realizou-se a análise fatorial exploratória, para verificar a distribuição dos itens em fatores comuns, e a validade convergente, com correlação não paramétrica de Spearman com a SCL-90-R e o YSQ-S3. Foram interpretados quatro fatores: Dominação e Manipulação (α =0,85 ω=0,71); Obsessão e Organização (α =0,75 ω=0,75); Rebeldia e Independência (α =0,73 ω=0,69); e Busca de Reconhecimento (α =0,81 ω=0,91). A validade de construto mostrou-se adequada conforme a teoria. Concluiu-se que a versão adaptada apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas. (AU)

This study aimed to examine the factorial structure and evidence of validity of the Young Compensation Inventory (YCI) for the population of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. For this purpose, 504 adults from the general population participated, with a mean age of 34.2 years (SD = 12.9). The instruments used were the Young Schema Questionnaire - Brief Version (YSQ-S3), the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90-R), and the YCI. Data were collected using an online platform. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to verify the distribution of items in common factors, and convergent validity, with a non-parametric Spearman correlation with SCL-90-R and YSQ-S3. Four factors were interpreted: Domination and Manipulation (α = 0.85 ω = 0.71); Obsession and Organization (α = 0.75 ω = 0.75); Rebellion and Independence (α = 0.73 ω = 0.69); and Search for Recognition (α = 0.81 ω = 0.91). The result of construct validity proved to be adequate according to the theory. It was concluded that the adapted version has good psychometric properties. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la estructura factorial y las evidencias de validez del Young Compensation Inventory (YCI) para la población de Rio Grande do Sul. Participaron 504 adultos de la población general, con una edad media de 34,2 años (DS = 12,9). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Young Scheme Questionnaire - Versión breve (YSQ-S3), la Escala de Evaluación de Síntomas (SCL-90-R) y el YCI. Los datos se recogieron a través de una plataforma online. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para verificar la distribución de los ítems en factores comunes, y la validez convergente, con la correlación no paramétrica de Spearman con SCL-90-R y YSQ-S3. Se interpretaron cuatro factores: Dominación y Manipulación (α =0,85 ω=0,71); Obsesión y Organización (α =0,75 ω=0,75); Rebeldía e Independencia (α =0,73 ω=0,69); y Búsqueda de Reconocimiento (α =0,81 ω=0,91). La validez de constructo demostró ser adecuada según la teoría. Se concluyó que la versión adaptada presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas. (AU)

Impacts of mindfulness-based interventions in people undergoing hemodialysis: a systematic review / Impactos de intervenções baseadas em mindfulness em pessoas submetidas a hemodiálise: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem worldwide, leading to a series of physical and psychological comorbidities, in addition to costly treatments, lifestyle and dietary restrictions. There is evidence that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) offer complementary treatment for people with chronic illnesses, including CKD, with the aim of improving overall health, reducing side effects and treatment costs. This review aims to investigate the MBIs impact on people with CKD undergoing hemodialysis, and to identify the methodological quality of the current literature in order to support future studies. Methods: We ran searches in five databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus) in July 2020. The papers were selected and evaluated by two reviewers independently, using predefined criteria, including the Cochrane Group's risk of bias tool and its recommendations (CRD42020192936). Results: Of the 175 studies found, 6 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, and ranged from 2014 to 2019. There were significant improvements in symptoms of anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, sleep quality, and quality of life (n=3) in the groups submitted to the intervention, in addition to physical measures such as blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate (n=1). Conclusions: MBIs can offer a promising and safe complementary therapy for people with CKD undergoing hemodialysis, acting on quality of life and physical aspects of the disease.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é reconhecida como um sério problema de saúde pública a nível mundial, levando a uma série de comorbidades físicas e psicológicas, além de tratamentos custosos e restrições no estilo de vida e alimentares. Há evidências de que as intervenções baseadas em mindfulness (IBMs) oferecem opções complementares ao tratamento de pessoas com doenças crônicas, incluindo DRC, com o objetivo de melhorar a saúde geral, reduzir os efeitos colaterais e custos do tratamento. Esta revisão objetiva investigar o impacto de IBMs em pessoas com DRC em hemodiálise, e identificar a qualidade metodológica da literatura atual a fim de auxiliar pesquisas futuras. Métodos: As pesquisas foram realizadas em cinco bases de dados (MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science e Scopus), em julho de 2020. Os artigos foram selecionados e avaliados por dois revisores de forma independente, utilizando critérios predefinidos, incluindo a ferramenta de risco de viés do grupo Cochrane e suas recomendações (CRD42020192936). Resultados: Dos 175 estudos encontrados, 6 ensaios clínicos randomizados estavam de acordo com os critérios de inclusão, e variaram entre os anos de 2014 a 2019. Foram encontradas melhoras significativas para os sintomas de ansiedade, depressão, autoeficácia, qualidade de sono, e qualidade de vida (n=3) nos grupos que realizaram a intervenção, além de medidas físicas como pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca e taxa respiratória (n=1). Conclusões: As IBMs podem oferecer uma terapêutica complementar promissora e segura para pessoas com DRC em hemodiálise, atuando na qualidade de vida e em aspectos físicos da doença.

Intervenção interdisciplinar reduz o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade / Interdisciplinary intervention reduces the consumption of ultra-processed foods in adolescents with overweight or obesity

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da intervenção interdisciplinar com abordagem motivacional sobre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade. O método utilizado foi um ensaio clínico randomizado no qual os participantes distribuíram-se em grupo controle (GC) e grupo intervenção (GI). A coleta de dados do consumo alimentar ocorreu mediante o recordatório de 24 horas, obtido no início e ao final das intervenções. Os alimentos consumidos foram categorizados nos quatro grupos da classificação alimentar NOVA conforme o grau de processamento a qual são submetidos. Participaram 42 adolescentes com média de idade de 16,5±1,3 anos, a maioria do gênero feminino (69%). No GI, a média de quilocalorias de alimentos ultraprocessados diminuiu 37,5% após a intervenção; em contrapartida, aumentou o consumo de alimentos processados em ambos os grupos. Concluiu-se que a intervenção interdisciplinar com abordagem motivacional foi eficaz na redução do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados na população estudada.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interdisciplinary intervention with motivational approach on the consumption of ultra-processed foods in overweight or obese adolescents. The method used was a randomized clinical trial in which participants were allocated to control group (CG) and intervention group (IC). The data collection of food consumption occurred through the 24-hour food record, obtained at the beginning and end of interventions. The foods consumed were classified into the four NOVA groups according to the degree of processing which they are submitted. Forty-two adolescents with a mean age of 16.5±1.3 years, mostly female (69%), participated in the study. In IG, the average kcal of ultra-processed foods decreased by 37.5% after intervention. In contrast, there was an increase in the consumption of processed foods in both groups. It was concluded that the interdisciplinary intervention with a motivational approach was effective in reducing the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the studied population.

Compassion Protects Mental Health and Social Safeness During the COVID-19 Pandemic Across 21 Countries.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented detrimental impact on mental health in people around the world. It is important therefore to explore factors that may buffer or accentuate the risk of mental health problems in this context. Given that compassion has numerous benefits for mental health, emotion regulation, and social relationships, this study examines the buffering effects of different flows of compassion (for self, for others, from others) against the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety, and stress, and social safeness. Methods: The study was conducted in a sample of 4057 adult participants from the general community population, collected across 21 countries from Europe, Middle East, North America, South America, Asia, and Oceania. Participants completed self-report measures of perceived threat of COVID-19, compassion (for self, for others, from others), depression, anxiety, stress, and social safeness. Results: Perceived threat of COVID-19 was associated with higher scores in depression, anxiety, and stress, and lower scores in social safeness. Self-compassion and compassion from others were associated with lower psychological distress and higher social safeness. Compassion for others was associated with lower depressive symptoms. Self-compassion moderated the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas compassion from others moderated the effects of fears of contracting COVID-19 on social safeness. These effects were consistent across all countries. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the universal protective role of compassion, in particular self-compassion and compassion from others, in promoting resilience by buffering against the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social safeness. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-021-01822-2.

Older adult psychopathology: international comparisons of self-reports, collateral reports, and cross-informant agreement.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct international comparisons of self-reports, collateral reports, and cross-informant agreement regarding older adult psychopathology. PARTICIPANTS: We compared self-ratings of problems (e.g. I cry a lot) and personal strengths (e.g. I like to help others) for 10,686 adults aged 60-102 years from 19 societies and collateral ratings for 7,065 of these adults from 12 societies. MEASUREMENTS: Data were obtained via the Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) and the Older Adult Behavior Checklist (OABCL; Achenbach et al., ). RESULTS: Cronbach's alphas were .76 (OASR) and .80 (OABCL) averaged across societies. Across societies, 27 of the 30 problem items with the highest mean ratings and 28 of the 30 items with the lowest mean ratings were the same on the OASR and the OABCL. Q correlations between the means of the 0-1-2 ratings for the 113 problem items averaged across all pairs of societies yielded means of .77 (OASR) and .78 (OABCL). For the OASR and OABCL, respectively, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) yielded effect sizes (ESs) for society of 15% and 18% for Total Problems and 42% and 31% for Personal Strengths, respectively. For 5,584 cross-informant dyads in 12 societies, cross-informant correlations averaged across societies were .68 for Total Problems and .58 for Personal Strengths. Mixed-model ANOVAs yielded large effects for society on both Total Problems (ES = 17%) and Personal Strengths (ES = 36%). CONCLUSIONS: The OASR and OABCL are efficient, low-cost, easily administered mental health assessments that can be used internationally to screen for many problems and strengths.

Transtheoretical model for lifestyle changes in older persons: a systematic review protocol.

Adherence to lifestyle changes is a major challenge for healthcare professionals. The transtheoretical model (TTM) was proposed to promote behavioral changes, used in different health conditions (smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction, and obesity) and age groups. However, the effectiveness of the model in older persons is not yet known. This systematic review protocol follows the PRISMA-P guidance. The question the review will address is, Are interventions based on the TTM, compared with conventional interventions, associated with lifestyle changes in older adults? Databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, WoS, and PsycINFO will be searched. Randomized clinical controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies describing the effectiveness of TTM-based interventions in changing the lifestyle of individuals aged 65 and over, compared with conventional interventions for lifestyle changes, will be included. Studies that do not address the stages of change characteristic of TTM or that use pharmacological interventions as a comparator will be excluded. Reviewers independently will screen papers for eligibility criteria, and, extracting data, assess the risk of bias for included studies and will evaluate the overall quality of evidence (GRADE system). If possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Otherwise, a narrative synthesis will be prepared according to the SWiM guideline.

Impacts of mindfulness-based interventions in people undergoing hemodialysis: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem worldwide, leading to a series of physical and psychological comorbidities, in addition to costly treatments, lifestyle and dietary restrictions. There is evidence that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) offer complementary treatment for people with chronic illnesses, including CKD, with the aim of improving overall health, reducing side effects and treatment costs. This review aims to investigate the MBIs impact on people with CKD undergoing hemodialysis, and to identify the methodological quality of the current literature in order to support future studies. METHODS: We ran searches in five databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus) in July 2020. The papers were selected and evaluated by two reviewers independently, using predefined criteria, including the Cochrane Group's risk of bias tool and its recommendations (CRD42020192936). RESULTS: Of the 175 studies found, 6 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, and ranged from 2014 to 2019. There were significant improvements in symptoms of anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, sleep quality, and quality of life (n=3) in the groups submitted to the intervention, in addition to physical measures such as blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate (n=1). CONCLUSIONS: MBIs can offer a promising and safe complementary therapy for people with CKD undergoing hemodialysis, acting on quality of life and physical aspects of the disease.

The role of social connection on the experience of COVID-19 related post-traumatic growth and stress.

BACKGROUND: Historically social connection has been an important way through which humans have coped with large-scale threatening events. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns have deprived people of major sources of social support and coping, with others representing threats. Hence, a major stressor during the pandemic has been a sense of social disconnection and loneliness. This study explores how people's experience of compassion and feeling socially safe and connected, in contrast to feeling socially disconnected, lonely and fearful of compassion, effects the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress. METHODS: Adult participants from the general population (N = 4057) across 21 countries worldwide, completed self-report measures of social connection (compassion for self, from others, for others; social safeness), social disconnection (fears of compassion for self, from others, for others; loneliness), perceived threat of COVID-19, post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress. RESULTS: Perceived threat of COVID-19 predicted increased post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress. Social connection (compassion and social safeness) predicted higher post-traumatic growth and traumatic stress, whereas social disconnection (fears of compassion and loneliness) predicted increased traumatic symptoms only. Social connection heightened the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on post-traumatic growth, while social disconnection weakened this impact. Social disconnection magnified the impact of the perceived threat of COVID-19 on traumatic stress. These effects were consistent across all countries. CONCLUSIONS: Social connection is key to how people adapt and cope with the worldwide COVID-19 crisis and may facilitate post-traumatic growth in the context of the threat experienced during the pandemic. In contrast, social disconnection increases vulnerability to develop post-traumatic stress in this threatening context. Public health and Government organizations could implement interventions to foster compassion and feelings of social safeness and reduce experiences of social disconnection, thus promoting growth, resilience and mental wellbeing during and following the pandemic.

Estresse, Ansiedade, Depressão e Inflexibilidade Psicológica em Estudantes Universitários de Graduação e Pós-Graduação / Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety, Depression and the Relationship with Psychological Inflexibility in University Students / Estrés, Ansiedad, Depresión e Inflexibilidad Psicológica en Estudiantes Universitarios de Pregrado y Posgrado

Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar a prevalência de estresse, ansiedade, depressão, inflexibilidade psicológica, dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e acadêmicos e a relação entre essas variáveis, em uma amostra de estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação do Rio Grande do Sul, além de comparar esses dois grupos quanto aos resultados. Participaram da pesquisa 574 estudantes, com idade a partir de 18 anos, de diferentes cursos e universidades, sendo 357 da graduação e 217 da pós-graduação. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de levantamento, com questionários de autorrelato e coleta online. Os Instrumentos utilizados foram: Ficha de dados sociodemográficos e acadêmicos; Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Estresse; Escala de Estresse Percebido; Questionário de Aceitação e Ação para Estudantes Universitários. Os níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão foram considerados altos nesta amostra. A inflexibilidade psicológica mostrou uma correlação significativa com essas variáveis e mostrou-se preditiva de estresse percebido. Os estudantes de graduação apresentaram índices de estresse mais elevados que os de pós-graduação. Sugere-se investir em estudos que incluam a inflexibilidade psicológica e o estresse como variáveis investigadas e também como foco de intervenções com esta população. (AU)

This study aims to scan the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, psychological inflexibility, sociodemographic, clinical and academic data and the relationship between these variables, in a sample of undergraduate and graduate students in Rio Grande do Sul, in addition to comparing these two groups as to the results. 574 students, aged 18 and over, from different courses and universities took part in the research, 357 from undergraduate and 217 from graduate courses. This is a cross-sectional survey study, with self-report questionnaires and online collection. The instruments used were: Sociodemographic and academic data sheet; Depression Anxiety Stress Scale Perceived Stress Scale; Accept and Action Questionnaire for University Students. The levels of stress, anxiety and depression were considered high in this sample. Psychological inflexibility showed a significant correlation with these variables and was predictive of perceived stress. Undergraduate students had higher stress levels than graduate students. It is suggested to invest in studies that include psychological inflexibility and stress as variables investigated and also as the focus of interventions within this population. (AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar la prevalencia de estrés, ansiedad, depresión, inflexibilidad psicológica, datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y académicos y la relación entre estas variables, en una muestra de estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado del Rio Grande del Sul, además de comparar estos dos grupos en cuanto a los resultados. En la investigación, participaron 574 estudiantes de 18 y más años de diferentes cursos y universidades, 357 de pregrado y 217 de posgrado. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con cuestionarios de autoinforme y recopilación de datos online. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Ficha sociodemográfica y académica; Escala de estrés, ansiedad y depresión; Escala de estrés percibido; Cuestionario de aceptación y acción para estudiantes universitarios. Los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión se consideraron altos en esta muestra. La inflexibilidad psicológica mostró una correlación significativa con estas variables y fue predictiva del estrés percibido. Los estudiantes de pregrado tenían niveles de estrés más altos que los estudiantes de posgrado. Se sugiere invertir en estudios que incluyan la inflexibilidad psicológica y el estrés como variables investigadas y también como foco de intervenciones con esta población. (AU)

The generalizability of empirically derived syndromes of collateral-reported elder psychopathology across 11 societies.

The purpose of this study was to test whether a syndrome model of elder psychopathology derived from collateral ratings, such as from spouses and adult children, in the United States would be generalizable in 11 other societies. Societies represented South America, Asia, and Europe. The Older Adult Behavior Checklist (OABCL) was completed by collateral informants for 6141 60- to 102-year-olds. The tested model comprised syndromes designated as Anxious/Depressed, Worries, Somatic Complaints, Functional Impairment, Memory/Cognition Problems, Thought Problems, and Irritable/Disinhibited. The model was tested using confirmatory factor analyses in each society separately. The primary model fit index showed a good fit for all societies, while the secondary model fit indices showed acceptable to a good fit for all societies. The items loaded strongly on their respective factors, with a median item loading of 0.69 across the 11 societies. By syndrome, the overall median item loadings ranged from 0.47 for Worries to 0.77 for Functional Impairment. The OABCL syndrome structure was thus generalizable across the tested societies. The OABCL can be used for broad assessment of psychopathology for elders of diverse backgrounds in nursing services and research.

Fears of compassion magnify the harmful effects of threat of COVID-19 on mental health and social safeness across 21 countries.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is a massive global health crisis with damaging consequences to mental health and social relationships. Exploring factors that may heighten or buffer the risk of mental health problems in this context is thus critical. Whilst compassion may be a protective factor, in contrast fears of compassion increase vulnerability to psychosocial distress and may amplify the impact of the pandemic on mental health. This study explores the magnifying effects of fears of compassion on the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety and stress, and social safeness. METHODS: Adult participants from the general population (N = 4057) were recruited across 21 countries worldwide, and completed self-report measures of perceived threat of COVID-19, fears of compassion (for self, from others, for others), depression, anxiety, stress and social safeness. RESULTS: Perceived threat of COVID-19 predicted increased depression, anxiety and stress. The three flows of fears of compassion predicted higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress and lower social safeness. All fears of compassion moderated (heightened) the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on psychological distress. Only fears of compassion from others moderated the effects of likelihood of contracting COVID-19 on social safeness. These effects were consistent across all countries. CONCLUSIONS: Fears of compassion have a universal magnifying effect on the damaging impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social safeness. Compassion focused interventions and communications could be implemented to reduce resistances to compassion and promote mental wellbeing during and following the pandemic.

Validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory (YRAI) for the population of Rio Grande do Sul / Evidências de validade do inventário de evitação de Young-Rygh (YRAI) para a população do Rio Grande do Sul / Evidencia de validez de la versión Brasileña del inventario de evasión de Young-Rygh (YRAI) para la población de Rio Grande do Sul

This study examines the factorial structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory (YRAI). Five hundred and four adults from the state of Rio Grande do Sul participated, with an average age of 34.2 (SD = 12.9), who completed the Young Scheme Questionnaire (YSQ-S3), the Symptom Assessment Scale (SCL-90-R), and YRAI, through an online platform. An exploratory factor analysis was made to verify the distribution of items in common factors and convergent analysis with Spearman's non-parametric correlation to verify associations with psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R) and schemes (YSQ-S3). Three factors were found: Somatization and Search for Stimulation (α = 0,84), Cognitive Avoidance (α = 0,78), and Emotional Withdrawal (α = 0,62), with an omega value between 0,75 and 0,87. It was concluded that the Brazilian version of YRAI has appropriate psychometric properties, being valid for the concerned population. In addition, the interpretation of the construct validity was consistent with the theory.

Este estudo examina a estrutura fatorial, consistência interna e a validade convergente do Inventário de Evitação de Young-Rygh (YRAI). Participaram 504 adultos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com média de idade de 34,2 anos (DP = 12,9), que preencheram o Questionário de Esquemas de Young (YSQ-S3), a Escala de Avaliação dos Sintomas (SCL-90-R) e o YRAI, através de uma plataforma online. Realizaram-se a análise fatorial exploratória para verificar a distribuição dos itens em fatores comuns e a análise convergente com correlação não paramétrica de Spearman para verificar associações com sintomas psicopatológicos (SCL-90-R) e esquemas (YSQ-S3). Três fatores foram interpretados: Somatização e Busca por Estimulação (α = 0,84), Evitação Cognitiva (α = 0,78) e Retraimento Emocional (α = 0,62), com valor de ômega entre 0,75 e 0,87. Concluiu-se que a versão brasileira do YRAI possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas, sendo válida para a população em questão. Além disso, a interpretação da validade de constructo mostrou-se condizente com a teoria.

Este estudio examina la estructura factorial, consistencia interna y validez convergente del Inventario de Evitación de Young-Rygh (YRAI). Participaron 504 adultos de Rio Grande do Sul con edad media de 34,2 años (DE = 12,9), que completaron el Cuestionario de Esquemas de Young (YSQ-S3), Escala de Evaluación de Síntomas (SCL-90-R) y YRAI, por una plataforma online. El análisis factorial exploratorio se realizó para verificar la distribución de ítems en factores comunes. El análisis convergente con la correlación no paramétrica de Spearman para verificar las asociaciones con los síntomas (SCL-90-R) y esquemas psicopatológicos (YSQ-S3). Se encontraron tres factores: Somatización y Búsqueda de Estimulación (α = 0,84), Evitación Cognitiva (α = 0,78) y Retracción Emocional (α = 0,62). Com un valor omega entre 0,75 y 0,87. Se concluyó que la versión brasileña de YRAI tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, siendo válida para esta población. Además, la validez de constructo fue consistente con la teoría.

The Effect of Different Interventions for Lifestyle Modifications on the Number of Diagnostic Criteria and Clinical Aspects of Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Lifestyle intervention programs comprise the first-choice therapy to reduce the cardiovascular risk factors in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our aim was to compare the effects of three lifestyle modification programs on the number of diagnostic criteria and clinical parameters of MetS. Methods: Twelve-week clinical trial, including 125 adults who presented at least three of the criteria defined by the revised NCEP ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Panel III) for MetS. Individuals were randomized into three multidisciplinary intervention groups: Standard Intervention (SI), Group Intervention (GI) and Individual Intervention (II). Results: Seventy-one individuals, aged 34-59 years, concluded the study: SI: 20, GI: 25, and II: 26. The GI and II groups presented a significant decrease of body mass index, abdominal circumference, diastolic and systolic arterial pressure after intervention. The number of diagnostic criteria for MetS decreased significantly. Within the GI and II groups, 16.0% and 15.4% of the individuals, respectively, did not meet the criteria for the clinical condition studied at the end of the interventions. In the II group, the percentage of individuals with five criteria reduced 83.5%. In the GI group, the percentage of individuals with five criteria remained the same, but the number of individuals with four criteria presented a 50.0% reduction. Conclusions: Results reinforce that nonpharmacological strategies for changing lifestyle affect the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors existing in MetS. They are also able to remove the population from this clinical condition by decreasing the diagnostic criteria. II or GI lead to a successful treatment of MetS, especially when conducted by multidisciplinary team. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials-ReBEC number: RBR-9wz5fc.

Protocolo preventivo da terapia de regulação infantil: estudo piloto no ambiente escolar / Preventive protocol of terapia de regulação infantil: pilot study in the school environment / Protocolo preventivo de terapia de regulação infantil: estudio piloto en el entorno escolar

A qualidade da educação relaciona-se com o investimento na aprendizagem acadêmica e com o desenvolvimento socioemocional dos alunos. Esse artigo objetiva avaliar os efeitos do protocolo preventivo da Terapia de Regulação Infantil (TRI-P) nas habilidades socioemocionais de crianças. A TRI-P tem como propósito desenvolver competências emocionais e sociais nas escolas. Utilizou-se delineamento quasi-experimental com avaliação pré e pós teste. Participaram 28 crianças de sete a nove anos, estudantes de uma escola particular no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Aplicou-se as escalas Social Skills Rating System para a avaliação de habilidades sociais e comportamentos problemáticos e Emotional Regulation Checklist para avaliar regulação e labilidade emocional. Os resultados, após intervenção, apontam diminuição nos níveis de problema de comportamento e aumento nos escores de regulação emocional e habilidades sociais. Percebe-se que a implementação de programas de habilidades socioemocionais pode ser promissora frente à importância do cuidado com saúde mental no ambiente escolar.

The quality of education is related to the investment in students' academic learning and socio-emotional development. This article aims to evaluate the effects of the preventive protocol of Terapia de Regulação Infantil: (TRI-P) on children's socioemotional skills. TRI-P aims to develop socioemocional skills in schools. A quasi-experimental design with pre and posttest evaluation was used. Twenty-eight children from 7 to 9 years old, students from a private school in a country town of Rio Grande do Sul, participated in the study. The Social Skills Rating System scales were used to assess social skills and problem behaviors, and the Emotional Regulation Checklist to evaluate regulation and emotional lability. The results, after the intervention, indicated a decrease in behavior problem levels and an increase in emotional regulation and social skills scores. The implementation of socioemotional skills programs can be promising considering the importance of mental health care in the school environment.

La calidad de la educación está relacionada con la inversión en el aprendizaje y el desarrollo socioemocional de los estudiantes. Este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar los efectos del protocolo de la terapia de regulación infantil (TRI-P) en habilidades socioemocionales de los niños. TRI-P tiene como objetivo desarrollar habilidades emocionales y sociales en las escuelas. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental con evaluación previa y posterior a la prueba. Veintiocho niños de 7 a 9 años de una escuela privada participaron en el estudio. Las escalas Social Skills Rating System se utilizaron para evaluar habilidades sociales y comportamientos problemáticos, la Emotional Regulation Checklist para evaluar regulación y labilidad emocional. Los resultados indican una disminución en los niveles de problemas de conducta y aumento en la regulación emocional y los puntajes de habilidades sociales. La implementación de programas de habilidades socioemocionales puede ser prometedora.