ABSTRACT
Characidium sp. aff. C. vidali is a species found in coastal streams in southeastern Brazil, which has karyotypic explanatory elements as the occurrence of microstructural variations, keeping the chromosomal macrostructure of the genus. The objective of this study was to apply cytomolecular tools in the chromosomes of Characidium sp. aff. C. vidali to identify characteristics in their karyotype contributing to cytogenetic definition of this species, adding information about the evolution of the chromosomal structure of the group. The species showed 2n = 50 chromosomes and from 1 to 4 additional B microchromosomes. FISH technique showed histone H3 and H4 genes in the short arm of pair 10, and microsatellites (CA)15, (CG)15, (GA)15 and (TTA)10 clustered in the subtelomeric portions of all A chromosomes, with total accumulation by supernumerary. The telomeric probe marked terminal regions of all chromosomes, in addition to the interstitial portion of four pairs, called ITS sites, with these markings being duplicated in two pairs, hence the double-ITS classification. C-banding revealed that supernumerary chromosomes are completely heterochromatic, that ITS sites are C-banding positive, but double-ITS sites are C-banding negative. So, throughout the evolution to Characidium, genomic events are occurring and restructuring chromosomes in populations.(AU)
Characidium sp. aff. C. vidali é uma espécie encontrada em riachos costeiros do sudeste do Brasil, que apresenta elementos cariotípicos elucidativos quanto à ocorrência de variações microestruturais, conservando a macroestrutura cromossômica do gênero. O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar ferramentas citomoleculares para identificar características no cariótipo de Characidium sp. aff. C. vidali, que contribuam para a definição citogenética desta espécie, agregando informações quanto à evolução da estruturação cromossômica do grupo. A espécie apresentou 2n = 50 cromossomos, além de 1 a 4 microcromossomos B por célula. A FISH mostrou os genes de histona H3 e H4 sintênicos no braço curto do par 10, e os microssatélites (CA)15, (CG)15, (GA)15 e (TTA)10 clusterizados nas porções subteloméricas de todos os cromossomos do complemento A, com grande acúmulo nos supranumerários. A sonda telomérica identificou marcações terminais em todos os cromossomos, além de quatro pares marcados intersticialmente, chamados de sítios ITS, e dois pares com duas marcações intersticiais, chamados de double-ITS. O bandamento C revelou que os cromossomos supranumerários são completamente heterocromáticos, que os sítios ITS são banda C positivos, mas os sítios double-ITS são banda C negativos. Então, ao longo da evolução de Characidium, eventos genômicos estão ocorrendo e reestruturando cromossomos nas populações.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Biomarkers/analysis , Cytogenetics , Characiformes/genetics , DNA ProbesABSTRACT
Rhamdia quelen, a species of Heptapteridae, is considered to be a complex because of taxonomic and phylogenetic inconsistencies. Determining the physical location of repetitive DNA sequences on the chromosomes and the DNA barcode might increase our understanding of these inconsistencies within different groups of fish. To this end, we analyzed R. quelen populations from two river basins in Brazil, Paraguay and Parana, using DNA barcoding and different chromosomal markers, including U2 snDNA, which has never been analyzed for any Rhamdia species. Cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequence analysis revealed a significant differentiation among populations from the Miranda and Quexada rivers, with genetic distances compatible to those found among different species in neotropical fishes. Our results, in general, revealed a conservative chromosomal evolution in R. quelen and a differential distribution of some markers, such as 5S rDNA and U2 snDNA, in different populations. We suggest that R. quelen must undergo a major revision in its morphological, genetic, and cytogenetic molecular and taxonomic structure to elucidate possible operational taxonomic units.
