ABSTRACT
Anacardic acid, cardanol and cardol, the main constituents of natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), were obtained by solvent extraction and assayed for antioxidant, larvicidal and antiacetylcholinesterase activity. Their relative percent composition was obtained by HPLC analysis. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH and ABTS(+) tests, which showed cardanol as the most active, followed by cardol and anacardic acid. The three CNSL components demonstrated good larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (LC(50)=12.40 for anacardic acid, 10.22 for cardol and 14.45 for cardanol) and exhibited inhibition zones for acetylcholinesterase enzymes in the TLC test similar to carbachol, which was used as standard. Based on the results, these multipotent compounds represent promising agents in the control of Ae. aegypti, the main dengue vector in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Anacardium/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Larva/drug effects , Nuts/chemistry , Acetylcholinesterase/analysis , Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Aedes/drug effects , Aedes/growth & development , Anacardic Acids/pharmacology , Anacardium/metabolism , Animals , Brazil , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dengue/prevention & control , Dengue Virus , Disease Vectors , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Larva/growth & development , Mosquito Control/methods , Nuts/metabolism , Phenols/pharmacology , Resorcinols/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Pérola were used to evaluate the water deficit effects in polar lipids composition and in the electric conductivity. The results showed that the water deficiency a effected in the electrolytes loss which increased gradually in response to water deficit. This suggested a compartimentalization loss, due to the structural cellular membranes elements degradation. Total lipids contents decreased by reason of the water stress action. The polyunsaturated fatty acid contents (linoleic and linolenic acids) suffered a decrease while saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic acids) increased. The imbalance in the fatty saturated/unsaturated acid relation led to a reduction in the unsaturation index. The electrolytes loss increase related whith the to polyunsaturated fatty acid contents reduction suggested a larger dehydrated plants vulnerability, leading to a consequent loss in the productivity.
No presente estudo, foram utilizadas plantas de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Pérola, com a finalidade de avaliar os efeitos do déficit hídrico na condutividade elétrica, nos teores de lipídios totais e de ácidos graxos. Os resultados evidenciaram importantes efeitos da deficiência hídrica como um aumento gradativo na perda de eletrólitos. O teor de ácidos graxos saturados (ácidos palmítico e esteárico) aumentou pela ação do estresse hídrico enquanto, o teor de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (ácidos linoléico e linolênico) e o de lipídios sofreram decréscimo. O desequilíbrio na relação ácidos graxos saturados/insaturados conduziu a uma diminuição no índice de insaturação. O aumento na perda de eletrólitos associado à redução nos teores de lipídios polares e de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados sugere maior vulnerabilidade das plantas estressadas com conseqüente perda de produtividade.
