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1.
Pestic Biochem Physiol ; 195: 105538, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37666610

ABSTRACT

Vector-borne diseases, particularly the arboviruses dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever caused by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, have been driving the use of repellents worldwide. The most representative synthetic repellent, DEET stands out as the market's oldest and most efficient repellent. It is considered a reference standard but presents considerable toxicity, not recommended for children up to 6 months old and pregnant women. For this reason, alternatives have been sought, and natural repellents derived mainly from essential oils have been studied, highlighting the essential oils of lemon (Corymbia citriodora), citronella (Cympobogon sp.), Andiroba (Carapa guianensis). However, the development and commercialization of products containing natural repellents are significantly lower when compared to DEET and other synthetic repellents. In order to understand the reasons, aspects related to safety, mechanism of action, efficacy as well development and complexity of the products were evaluated. It is concluded that, as for safety, there is lacking information in the literature regarding the effects on non-target organisms and robust toxicity data. The mechanism of action is based on theories, with less information on the exact mode of action, molecular targets, and interaction with the olfactory and taste receptors of insects. Despite being a current trend to search for actives from natural sources highly present in essential oils, however they reduced action time because due to rapid evaporation after application to the skin, thus requiring repellent vehicles. The development and complexity related to these products bring challenging aspects, beginning on the plant cultivation and extraction processes to produce essential oils with a more homogeneous chemical composition towards the formulation stabilization processes due to fast evaporation and short action time, with the use of pharmaceutical technology such as encapsulation techniques.


Subject(s)
Aedes , Insect Repellents , Oils, Volatile , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Animals , DEET , Mosquito Vectors , Insect Repellents/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(15)2023 Jul 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37569517

ABSTRACT

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of severe diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. The most commonly used industrial larvicides have considerable toxicity for non-target organisms. This study aimed to develop and evaluate liquid and solid carrier systems to use pentyl cinnamate (PC), derived from natural sources, to control Ae. aegypti larvae. The liquid systems consisting of nanoemulsions with different lecithins systems were obtained and evaluated for stability over 30 days. Microparticles (MPs) were obtained by the spray drying of the nanoemulsions using maltodextrin as an adjuvant. Thermal, NMR and FTIR analysis indicated the presence of PC in microparticles. Indeed, the best nanoemulsion system was also the most stable and generated the highest MP yield. The PC larvicidal activity was increased in the PC nanoemulsion system. Therefore, it was possible to develop, characterize and obtain PC carrier systems active against Ae. aegypti larvae.


Subject(s)
Aedes , Insecticides , Animals , Insecticides/chemistry , Mosquito Vectors , Cinnamates/pharmacology , Larva
3.
Acta Ortop Bras ; 31(1): e254450, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36844132

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge about scoliosis in teachers of municipal public schools. Methods: In total, 126 professionals were interviewed using a standard questionnaire containing issues related to scoliosis. Results: 31% of interviewees did not know what scoliosis is. Of those who knew 89.65% were partially correct about the definition. Of those who claimed to know how the scoliosis diagnosis is made, only 25.58% were completely correct. When questioned about the Adams test, 84.9% did not know it. Among the interviewees, 57.9% answered that it is impossible to identify scoliosis by a simple examination of their students and, off these, 86.3% stated the lack of knowledge about the subject; and 92.1% considered that training for the diagnosis and early identification of scoliosis in students. Conclusion: This study holds social impact since the interviewed teachers were not knowledgeable about the subject and had difficulty in providing a definition of the condition and in how to proceed with the investigation. Continuous education activities and the inclusion of this subject on the curricula of teacher education programs would improve the early diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis, with high success rates. Level of Evidence IV, Economic and Decision Analyses.


Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de professores de escola municipal sobre escoliose. Métodos: Foram entrevistados 126 profissionais por meio de formulário online padronizado contendo perguntas relativas à escoliose. Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 31% não sabiam o que é escoliose. Dos que sabiam, 89,65% estavam parcialmente corretos quanto à definição. Dos professores que responderam saber como era feito o diagnóstico de escoliose, apenas 25,58% estavam totalmente corretos. Quando questionados sobre o teste de Adams, 84,9% não sabiam do que se tratava. Dos entrevistados, 57,9% disseram que não é possível identificar escoliose por meio de um exame simples de seus alunos em sala de aula e, destes, 86,3% alegaram falta de conhecimento sobre o assunto; e 92,1% consideraram que é importante haver uma capacitação sobre o diagnóstico de escoliose para identificação precoce nos alunos. Conclusão: Este estudo tem impacto social, pois os professores entrevistados não apresentavam domínio sobre o assunto, demonstrando dificuldade em definir a condição e como proceder com a investigação. A realização de capacitações e a inclusão dessas questões no currículo profissional aumentaria o diagnóstico precoce de escoliose nas escolas, possibilitando o tratamento precoce e maiores chances de sucesso terapêutico. Nível de Evidência IV, Análise Econômica e de Decisão.

4.
Acta ortop. bras ; 31(1): e254450, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1419969

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge about scoliosis in teachers of municipal public schools. Methods: In total, 126 professionals were interviewed using a standard questionnaire containing issues related to scoliosis. Results: 31% of interviewees did not know what scoliosis is. Of those who knew 89.65% were partially correct about the definition. Of those who claimed to know how the scoliosis diagnosis is made, only 25.58% were completely correct. When questioned about the Adams test, 84.9% did not know it. Among the interviewees, 57.9% answered that it is impossible to identify scoliosis by a simple examination of their students and, off these, 86.3% stated the lack of knowledge about the subject; and 92.1% considered that training for the diagnosis and early identification of scoliosis in students. Conclusion: This study holds social impact since the interviewed teachers were not knowledgeable about the subject and had difficulty in providing a definition of the condition and in how to proceed with the investigation. Continuous education activities and the inclusion of this subject on the curricula of teacher education programs would improve the early diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis, with high success rates. Level of Evidence IV, Economic and Decision Analyses.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de professores de escola municipal sobre escoliose. Métodos: Foram entrevistados 126 profissionais por meio de formulário online padronizado contendo perguntas relativas à escoliose. Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 31% não sabiam o que é escoliose. Dos que sabiam, 89,65% estavam parcialmente corretos quanto à definição. Dos professores que responderam saber como era feito o diagnóstico de escoliose, apenas 25,58% estavam totalmente corretos. Quando questionados sobre o teste de Adams, 84,9% não sabiam do que se tratava. Dos entrevistados, 57,9% disseram que não é possível identificar escoliose por meio de um exame simples de seus alunos em sala de aula e, destes, 86,3% alegaram falta de conhecimento sobre o assunto; e 92,1% consideraram que é importante haver uma capacitação sobre o diagnóstico de escoliose para identificação precoce nos alunos. Conclusão: Este estudo tem impacto social, pois os professores entrevistados não apresentavam domínio sobre o assunto, demonstrando dificuldade em definir a condição e como proceder com a investigação. A realização de capacitações e a inclusão dessas questões no currículo profissional aumentaria o diagnóstico precoce de escoliose nas escolas, possibilitando o tratamento precoce e maiores chances de sucesso terapêutico. Nível de Evidência IV, Análise Econômica e de Decisão.

5.
Coluna/Columna ; 22(1): e262620, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421314

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Arthrodesis techniques such as anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) aim to reestablish physiological lordosis and minimize tissue damage to the paravertebral musculature. Supplementation with percutaneous pedicle screws is indicated in most cases, therefore, intraoperative changes in decubitus are necessary, generating costs and risks for the patient. This study aims to present concepts and results of a series of 100 cases of patients undergoing 360° fusion in lateral single position surgery (LSPS). Methods: retrospective analysis of databases collected between 2016 and 2021. Patients who underwent 360° fusion of the lumbar spine in single lateral decubitus to treat degenerative and infectious diseases were included. Cases with arthrodesis greater than 3 levels were excluded. Data collected include demographics, body mass index (BMI) and scores such as visual analog scale (VAS), EuroQOL 5D (EQ5D) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results: 100 patients were included in the study, submitted to LLIF and/or ALIF associated with percutaneous pedicle fixation. The lumbar VAS improved from 6.75 to 2.1 after 12 months, while the sciatica VAS started from 4.55 and reached 0.81 after one year. The EQ5D improved from 66.1 to 81.6 after the first year, while the ODI ranged from 28.54 to 14.18 in the same period. Conclusions: the clinical-functional results of the LSPS procedures are favorable and place the LSPS as an option to be studied, developed and practiced by spine surgery teams. Level of evidence: IV. Case series.


Resumo: Objetivo: Técnicas de artrodese como anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) e lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) tem como objetivos o reestabelecimento da lordose fisiológica e a mínima lesão tecidual da musculatura paravertebral. A suplementação com parafusos pediculares por via percutânea é indicada na maioria dos casos, sendo, portanto, necessárias mudanças de decúbito intraoperatórias, gerando custos e riscos para o paciente. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar conceitos e resultados de uma série de 100 casos de pacientes submetidos a fusão 360° em lateral single position surgery (LSPS). Métodos: análise retrospectiva de banco de dados coletados entre 2016 e 2021. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos a fusão 360° da coluna lombar em decúbito lateral único para tratamento doenças degenerativas e infecciosas. Foram excluídos casos com artrodeses maiores que 3 níveis. Os dados coletados incluem demografia, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e scores como visual analog scale (VAS), EuroQOL 5D (EQ5D) e Oswestry disability index (ODI). Resultados: 100 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, submetidos a LLIF e/ ou ALIF associados a fixação pedicular percutânea. O VAS lombar apresentou melhora de 6,75 para 2,1 após 12 meses, já o VAS ciatalgia partiu de 4,55 e atingiu 0,81 após um ano. O EQ5D apresentou melhora de 66,1 para 81,6 após o primeiro ano, enquanto o ODI variou de 28,54 para 14,18 no mesmo período. Conclusões: os resultados clínico-funcionais dos procedimentos em LSPS se mostram favoráveis e a colocam o LSPS como uma opção a ser estudada, desenvolvida e praticada pelas equipes de cirurgia de coluna. Nível de evidência: IV. Série de casos.


Resumen: Objetivo: Las técnicas de artrodesis como la fusión intersomática lumbar anterior (ALIF) y la fusión intersomática lumbar lateral (LLIF) tienen como objetivo restablecer la lordosis fisiológica. La suplementación con tornillos pediculares percutáneos está indicada en la mayoría de los casos, por lo que son necesarios cambios en decúbito intraoperatorios, generando costos y riesgos para el paciente. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar conceptos y resultados de una serie de 100 casos de pacientes sometidos a fusión de 360° en cirugía de posición única lateral (LSPS). Métodos: análisis retrospectivo de bases de datos recolectadas entre 2016 y 2021. Se incluyeron pacientes que se sometieron a fusión de columna lumbar 360° en decúbito lateral y se excluyeron los casos con artrodesis mayores de 3 niveles. Los datos recopilados incluyen datos demográficos, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y puntajes como la escala analógica visual (VAS), EuroQOL 5D (EQ5D) y el índice de discapacidad de Oswestry (ODI). Resultados: 100 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, sometidos a LLIF y/o ALIF asociados a fijación pedicular percutánea. La EVA lumbar mejoró de 6,75 a 2,1 a los 12 meses, mientras que la EVA de ciática partió de 4,55 y llegó a 0,81 al año. El EQ5D mejoró 66,1 a 81,6 después del primer año, mientras que el ODI varió 28,54 a 14,18 en el mismo período. Conclusiones: los resultados clínico-funcionales de los procedimientos de LSPS son favorables y a sitúan como una opción a ser estudiada, desarrollada y practicada por los equipos de cirugía de columna. Nivel de evidencia: IV. Series de casos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pedicle Screws , Surgical Procedures, Operative
6.
Estud. pesqui. psicol. (Impr.) ; 22(2): 832-852, jun. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1428974

ABSTRACT

Este artigo consiste em uma revisão de escopo que objetivou investigar os fatores de risco acadêmicos associados a ideação e tentativas de suicídio em estudantes universitários. Foram recuperados inicialmente 1901 estudos em setembro de 2020 em seis bases de dados (Pubmed, BVS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Science Direct e Scopus). Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 10 estudos para análise. Os principais resultados sugerem a existência de três fatores de risco acadêmicos associados a ideação e tentativas de suicídio: 1) relacionamento social com pares; 2) relacionamento social com professores ou orientador; e 3) adaptação ao ambiente acadêmico. Observou-se que em ambientes universitários os estudantes são vulneráveis a experiências de estresse e frustração relacionadas com a falta de adaptação à nova rotina acadêmica. Além disso, a dinâmica de interação com os pares, professores ou orientadores pode gerar situações de sofrimento ou desconforto emocional, contribuindo para o surgimento de ideação e tentativas de suicídio. Conclui-se que as universidades devem proporcionar espaços de adaptação aos novos estudantes (e.g. centros de acolhimento e orientação psicológica, encontros de convivência social e cultural) e incentivar os professores e orientadores à postura acolhedora.


This article is a scoping review that aimed to investigate the academic risk factors associated with suicidal ideation and behavior in university students. 1901 studies were initially retrieved in September 2020 in six databases (Pubmed, BVS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies remained for analysis. The main findings suggest the existence of three academic risk factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt: 1) social relationship with peers; 2) social relationship with teachers or advisor; and 3) adaptation to the academic environment. It was observed that in university environments students are vulnerable to experiences of stress and frustration related to the lack of adaptation to the new academic routine. In addition, the dynamics of interaction with peers, teachers or advisors can generate situations of suffering or emotional discomfort contributing to the emergence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. It is concluded that universities should provide spaces for adaptation to new students (e.g. reception centers and psychological counseling, social and cultural meetings) and encourage the welcoming attitude of teachers and advisors.


Este artículo consiste en una revisión de alcance que tuvo como objetivo investigar los factores de riesgo académico asociados a la ideación y conducta suicida en estudiantes universitarios. Inicialmente fueron recuperados 1901 estudios en septiembre de 2020 en seis bases de datos (Pubmed, BVS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Science Direct y Scopus). Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, quedaron 10 estudios para análisis. Los principales resultados sugieren la existencia de tres factores de riesgo académico asociados a la ideación e intento de suicidio: 1) relación social con los compañeros; 2) relación social con profesores o asesores; y 3) adaptación al entorno académico. Se observó que en entornos universitarios los estudiantes son vulnerables a experiencias de estrés y frustración relacionadas con la falta de adaptación a la nueva rutina académica. Además, la dinámica de interacción con compañeros, profesores o asesores puede generar situaciones de sufrimiento o malestar emocional contribuyendo a la aparición de ideación y intento de suicidio. Se concluye que las universidades deben brindar espacios de adaptación a los nuevos estudiantes (por ejemplo, centros de acogida y asesoramiento psicológico, encuentros sociales y culturales) y fomentar la actitud acogedora de profesores y asesores.


Subject(s)
Students , Universities , Risk Factors , Suicidal Ideation , Stress, Psychological , Suicide/prevention & control , Academic Failure
7.
Rev. psicol. organ. trab ; 20(1): 899-905, jan.-mar. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058826

ABSTRACT

O controle de tráfego aéreo é um serviço prestado por profissionais que trabalham em terra para orientar e monitorar aeronaves no ar e no solo, a fim de garantir um fluxo de tráfego seguro e ordenado. Os objetivos deste artigo foram conhecer aspectos sociodemográficos dos profissionais de tráfego aéreo lotados no Aeroporto Marechal Hugo da Cunha Machado, em São Luís (MA) e identificar as cargas de trabalho a que estão submetidos. Participaram do estudo 11 controladores, com idade média de 38 anos e 19,64 anos de tempo de serviço na referida função. A carga de trabalho que apresentou maior prevalência foi a psíquica, e a menor, a física. Concluiu-se que a atividade dos pesquisados exige esforços psicológicos intensos quanto às funções atencionais e à tomada de decisão, especialmente diante da rápida necessidade de ações imediatas em idiomas estrangeiros e em meio a procedimentos operacionais estritos.


Air Traffic Control is a service provided by ground professionals to guide and monitor aircraft in the air and on the ground to ensure a safe and orderly flow of traffic. The objectives were to learn about the socio-demographic aspects of air traffic professionals at the Marechal Hugo da Cunha Machado Airport, in São Luís - MA, and to identify the possible workloads to which they are submitted. The study included 11 controllers, with a mean age of 38 years and 19.64 years of service in the profession. The workload that presented the highest prevalence was the psychological, and the lowest was the physical one. It was concluded that the activity of the respondents requires intense psychological efforts regarding attentional functions and decision making, especially in view of the rapid need for immediate actions in international languages, working under strict operational procedures.


El Control de Tráfico Aéreo es un servicio prestado por profesionales que trabajan en tierra para orientar y monitorear aeronaves en el aire y en el suelo, con vistas a garantizar un flujo de tráfico seguro y ordenado. Los objetivos fueron conocer aspectos sociodemográficos de los profesionales de tráfico aéreo del Aeropuerto Marechal Hugo de la Cunha Machado, en São Luís - MA; y, además, identificar las posibles cargas de trabajo a las que están sometidos. Participaron del estudio 11 controladores, con edad media de 38 años y 19,64 años de tiempo de servicio en dicha función. La carga de trabajo que presentó mayor prevalencia fue la psíquica, y la menor la física. Se concluyó que la actividad de los encuestados exige esfuerzos psicológicos intensos en cuanto a las funciones atencionales y toma de decisión, especialmente frente a la rápida necesidad de acciones inmediatas en idiomas internacionales y en medio de procedimientos operacionales estrictos.

8.
PLoS One ; 8(8): e71858, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23977165

ABSTRACT

The computational protein design protocol Rosetta has been applied successfully to a wide variety of protein engineering problems. Here the aim was to test its ability to design de novo a protein adopting the TIM-barrel fold, whose formation requires about twice as many residues as in the largest proteins successfully designed de novo to date. The designed protein, Octarellin VI, contains 216 residues. Its amino acid composition is similar to that of natural TIM-barrel proteins. When produced and purified, it showed a far-UV circular dichroism spectrum characteristic of folded proteins, with α-helical and ß-sheet secondary structure. Its stable tertiary structure was confirmed by both tryptophan fluorescence and circular dichroism in the near UV. It proved heat stable up to 70°C. Dynamic light scattering experiments revealed a unique population of particles averaging 4 nm in diameter, in good agreement with our model. Although these data suggest the successful creation of an artificial α/ß protein of more than 200 amino acids, Octarellin VI shows an apparent noncooperative chemical unfolding and low solubility.


Subject(s)
Protein Engineering/methods , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Software , Amino Acid Sequence , Circular Dichroism , Escherichia coli , Molecular Dynamics Simulation , Molecular Sequence Data , Particle Size , Protein Denaturation , Protein Refolding , Protein Stability , Protein Structure, Secondary , Protein Structure, Tertiary , Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis , Solubility , Thermodynamics
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