Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with Brazilian green propolis controls intradermal infection induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and modulates the inflammatory response in a murine model.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of skin and soft tissue infections worldwide. This microorganism has a wide range of antibiotics resistance, a fact that has made the treatment of infections caused by MRSA difficult. In this sense, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with natural products has emerged as a good alternative in combating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aPDT with Brazilian green propolis against intradermal MRSA infection in a murine model. Initially, 24 Balb/c mice were infected intradermally in the ears with 1.5 × 108 colony-forming units of MRSA 43300. After infection, they were separated into 4 groups (6 animals per group) and treated with the vehicle, only Brazilian green propolis, only blue LED light or with the aPDT protocol (Brazilian green propolis + blue LED light). It was observed in this study that aPDT with Brazilian green propolis reduced the bacterial load at the site of infection. Furthermore, it was able to inhibit weight loss resulting from the infection, as well as modulate the inflammatory response through greater recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells/neutrophils to the infected tissue. Finally, aPDT induced an increase in the cytokines IL-17A and IL-12p70 in the draining retromaxillary lymph node. Thus, aPDT with Brazilian green propolis proved to be effective against intradermal MRSA infection in mice, reducing bacterial load and modulating the immune response in the animals. However, more studies are needed to assess whether such effects are repeated in humans.

Salivary biomarkers present in patients with periodontitis without clinical distinction: findings from a meta-analysis

Background: A new classification for periodontitis has been adopted in clinical practice. However, there are still discussions regarding this new classification and difficulties in its adoption, both by professionals and researchers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate which salivary biomarkers are present in periodontitis, following the new classification of periodontal diseases through meta-analysis. Material and methods: A literature search was carried out in the scientific databases: PubMed, Scielo and Google scholar to select studies. The selection of studies was followed by two authors upon reading of the title, abstract and full text. The necessary data were collected and statistical analyses were performed using the Review Manager statistical software version 5.4, with calculation of Mean Difference, heterogeneity (I²) and funnel plot with P < 0.05. Results: After following the selection criteria, 9 articles were selected for comparison. The studies address the presence of biomarkers in the saliva of patients with periodontitis and their possible use in the monitoring and diagnosis of the disease. For the meta-analytic comparison, a sample size of 1,983 individuals was used. Statistical analyses showed that nitric oxide, IL-6, IL-1B and osteoprotegerin are substances that are significantly present in patients with periodontitis (P < 0.05). Conclusions: IL-6, nitric oxide, IL-1B, TNF-α and osteoprotegerin are among the most present biomarkers in patients with periodontitis, and may be used in the future as a monitoring of periodontal disease. The present study also revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of these biomarkers for clinical distinction from periodontitis. (AU)

Perfil de serviços públicos que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no Rio Grande do Norte / Profile of health services that assessthelingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state / Perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte

Introdução:A anquiloglossia é caracterizada pela alteração do frênulo lingual resultando na restrição dos movimentos da língua. A avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos é importante para diagnosticar precocemente essa alteração. Objetivo:Traçar perfil de serviços que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos nos hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram incluídos na pesquisa as maternidades públicas e filantrópicas do estadoque realizam procedimentos obstétricos e assistência materno-infantil. As informações acerca da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos e caracterização desses serviços foram coletadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico. Os dados foram armazenados em planilhas no Excel e analisados através do programa estatístico SPSS versão 23.0, em queforam conduzidas análises das variáveis investigadas.Resultados:Participaram do estudo 23 hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado, econstatou-se que apenas 7 (30,44%) ofertam a avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento, enquantoas demais encaminham para outros serviços. O exame foi implantado nas maternidades entre os anos de 2014 e 2018. A quantidade de profissionais que realizam esta avaliação variou entre 1 e 9 por instituição, e os profissionais envolvidos foram os fonoaudiólogos e cirurgiões-dentistas. A prevalência da anquiloglossia variou de 3,7% a 14,5%. A maioria das maternidades realizam a frenotomia e o profissional que executa é o médico ou cirurgião-dentista.Conclusões:Constatou-se uma baixa oferta da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento de nascimento. Além disso, essa oferta ainda não acontece de forma universal, principalmente no interior do estado (AU).

Introduction:Ankyloglossia is characterized by alterations in the lingual frenulum resulting in restricted tongue movements. Assessing the lingual frenulum in newborns is important for early diagnosis of this disorder. Objective:Describe the profile of health servicesthat assess the lingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using a quantitative approach. Included in the research were public and philanthropic maternity hospitals in statethat perform obstetric procedures and provide maternal and child care. The information about lingual frenulum assessment in newborns and characterization of these health services was collected via an electronic questionnaire. The data were stored in Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0 program, where analyses of the variables investigated were carried out. Results:A total of 23 public and maternity hospitalsparticipated, only 7 of which (30.44%) assessed the lingual frenulum of newborns on site, while the others referred them to other medical facilities. The examination was implemented in maternity hospitals between 2014 and 2018. The number of professionals who performed this assessment varied between 1 and 9 per institution, and included speech therapists, and dentists. The prevalence of ankyloglossia ranged from 3.7 to 14.5%. Most of the maternity hospitals performed frenotomy, where the procedure was conducted by a doctor or dentist. Conclusions:On-site lingual frenulum assessment of newborns was low in the institutions, and does not occur universally, mainly in the rural areas of the state (AU).

Introducción: La anquiloglosia se caracteriza por la alteración del frenillo lingual que resulta en la restricción de los movimientos de la lengua. La evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos es importante para un diagnóstico precoz de este trastorno.Objetivo: Delinear un perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional y transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se incluyeron en la investigación las maternidades públicas y filantrópicas del estadoque realizan procedimientos obstétricos y de atención materno-infantil. La información sobre la evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos y la caracterización de estos servicios fui recogido por medio de un cuestionario electrónico. Los datos fueron almacenados en hojas Excel y analizados utilizando el programa estadístico SPSSversión 23.0, donde se realizaron análisis de las variables investigadas. Resultados: Un total de 23 hospitales públicos y maternidades participaron del estudio, en el que se constató que solo 7 (30,44%) evalúan el frenillo lingual en neonatos en establecimiento propio, mientras los demás refieren a otros servicios. El examen se implementó en las maternidades entre 2014 y 2018. El número de profesionales que realizan esta evaluación varió entre 1 y 9 por institución, y los profesionales involucrados fueron terapeutas del habla y odontólogos. La prevalencia de anquiloglosia varió entre 3,7 y 14,5 %. La mayoría de las maternidades realizan la frenotomía y el profesional que la realiza es el médico u odontólogo. Conclusiones: Hubo una baja oferta de avaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en el propio establecimiento. Además, esta oferta aún no es universal, especialmente en el interior del estado (AU).

Creating knowledge and actions by promoting health in aged women with osteoporosis / Crear conocimientos y acciones promoviendo la salud de ancianas con osteoporosis / Construindo saberes e fazeres mediante a promoção da saúde de mulheres idosas com osteoporose

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze how Paulo Freire's theoretical framework can contribute to understanding the awareness-raising process about aging, by promoting health and self-care in aged women with osteoporosis and considering the socioeconomic and environmental factors involved in this process. Method: a qualitative and descriptive study conducted by means of secondary analysis of data from a primary study carried out between December 2019 and February 2020, which included 25 aged women treated in a Rheumatology health unit of a university hospital. This analysis intended to return to a corpus of previously collected data, aiming to reexamine them from a new investigative angle, Paulo Freire's theoretical perspective, which served as theoretical-methodological framework. Results: the findings of this research enabled an approach to the reality of aged women with osteoporosis through a critical reflection on the practice and sensitization inherent to the human essence. This allowed revealing aspects that were hidden and driving the creation of concrete action proposals in relation to the participants' reality. Conclusion: nurses' crucial role in the assistance provided to aged women with osteoporosis was verified, as well as the efficiency of a dialogical approach that values their self-care choices and skills. As a dynamic process that involves actions, reflections and new actions, the health perception strengthens Freire's perspective in the Nursing practice as a strategy to develop diverse knowledge and actions along with aged women with osteoporosis, aiming to promote emancipating assistance based on the care ethics.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar de qué manera el referencial teórico de Paulo Freire puede ayudar a entender el proceso de concientización sobre el envejecimiento, promoviendo la salud y el autocuidado en ancianas con osteoporosis y considerando los factores socioeconómicos y ambientales implicados en este proceso. Método: estudio cualitativo y descriptivo realizado a través de análisis secundario de los datos obtenidos en un estudio primario llevado a cabo entre diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020 y que incluyó a 25 ancianas atendidas en una unidad de salud especializada en Reumatología de un hospital universitario. Este análisis pretendió retornar a un corpus de datos previamente recolectados, a fin de volver a examinarlos desde un nuevo ángulo de investigación, la perspectiva teórica de Paulo Freire, que sirvió como marco teórico-metodológico. Resultados: los hallazgos de este trabajo de investigación hicieron posible un acercamiento a la realidad de las ancianas con osteoporosis a través de una reflexión crítica sobre la praxis y la concientización inherentes a la esencia humana. Eso permitió revelar aspectos que estaban ocultos e impulsar la creación de propuestas concretas de acción en relación con la realidad de las participantes. Conclusión: se verificó el rol crucial de los profesionales de Enfermería en la asistencia provista a ancianas con osteoporosis, al igual que la eficiencia de una enfoque dialógico que valoriza sus elecciones y habilidades para el autocuidado. La percepción de la salud como un proceso dinámico que implica acciones reflexiones y nuevas acciones fortalece la efectividad de la perspectiva de Freire en la práctica de Enfermería como una estrategia para crear conocimientos y acciones junto con las ancianas que padecen osteoporosis, con el objetivo de promover una asistencia emancipadora basada en la ética de la atención.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar como o referencial teórico de Paulo Freire pode contribuir para a compreensão do processo de conscientização sobre o envelhecimento, mediante a promoção da saúde e o cuidado de si de mulheres idosas com osteoporose, considerando os fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais implicados nesse processo. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo realizado através da análise secundária de dados de um estudo primário conduzido entre dezembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, que contou com 25 idosas atendidas em uma unidade de saúde de reumatologia em um hospital universitário. Esta análise ensejou o retorno a um corpus de dados previamente coletados, visando reexaminá-los sob um novo prisma investigativo, a perspectiva teórica de Paulo Freire, que atuou como arcabouço teórico-metodológico. Resultados: os achados desta pesquisa possibilitaram uma aproximação da realidade das idosas com osteoporose através de uma reflexão crítica sobre a práxis e conscientização inerentes à essência humana. Isso permitiu revelar aspectos que estavam ocultos e impulsionar a criação de propostas concretas de ação em relação à realidade das participantes. Conclusão: verificou-se o papel crucial do enfermeiro na assistência às idosas com osteoporose e a eficiência de uma abordagem dialógica que valoriza suas escolhas e habilidades para o cuidado de si. A percepção da saúde como um processo dinâmico, que envolve ações, reflexões e novas ações, fortalece a efetividade da perspectiva freiriana na prática de enfermagem como uma estratégia para construir saberes e fazeres em conjunto com as idosas com osteoporose, com o objetivo de promover uma assistência emancipadora baseada na ética do cuidado.

Mobile resistome of microbial communities and antimicrobial residues from drinking water supply systems in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in the environment due to the overuse of antibiotics and other pollutants, posing a threat to human and animal health. In this study, we evaluated antimicrobial residues, bacterial diversity and ARGs in two important watersheds, Guandu and São João, that supply drinking water to Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. In addition, tap water samples were collected from three different cities in Rio de Janeiro State, including the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro city. Clarithromycin, sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin were found in untreated water and drinking water in all samples. A greater abundance of Proteobacteria was observed in Guandu and São João watersheds, with most of the sequences belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria class. A plasmidome-focused metagenomics approach revealed 4881 (Guandu), 3705 (São João) and 3385 (drinking water) ARGs mainly associated with efflux systems. The genes encoding metallo-ß-lactamase enzymes (blaAIM, blaGIM, blaIMP, and blaVIM) were detected in the two watersheds and in drinking water samples. Moreover, we demonstrated the presence of the colistin resistance genes mcr-3 and mcr-4 (both watersheds) and mcr-9 (drinking water and Guandu) for the first time in Brazil. Our data emphasize the importance of introducing measures to reduce the disposal of antibiotics and other pollutants capable of promoting the occurrence and spread of the microbial resistome on aquatic environments and predicting possible negative impacts on human health.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-necrotic effects of lectins from Canavalia ensiformis and Canavalia brasiliensis in experimental acute pancreatitis.

Lectins isolated from Canavalia ensiformis (ConA) and Canavalia brasiliensis (ConBr) are promising molecules to prevent cell death. Acute pancreatitis, characterized by acinar cell necrosis and inflammation, presents significant morbidity and mortality. This study has investigated the effects of ConA and ConBr in experimental acute pancreatitis and pancreatic acinar cell death induced by bile acid. Pancreatitis was induced by retrograde pancreatic ductal injection of 3% sodium taurocholate (Na-TC) in male Swiss mice. ConA or ConBr (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg) were intravenously applied to mice 1 h and 12 h after induction. After 24 h, the severity of pancreatitis was evaluated by serum amylase and lipase, histopathological changes and myeloperoxidase assay. Pancreatic acinar cells were incubated with ConA (200 µg/ml) or ConBr (200 µg/ml) and taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCS; 500 µM). Necrosis and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔÑ°m) were detected by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Treatment (post-insult) with ConA and ConBr decreased pancreatic damage caused by retrograde injection of Na-TC in mice, reducing pancreatic neutrophil infiltration, edema and necrosis. In addition, ConA and ConBr decreased pancreatic acinar cell necrosis and depolarization of ΔÑ°m caused by TLCS. The inhibition of necrosis was prevented by the lectin domain blockade. In conclusion, ConA and ConBr markedly inhibited in vitro and in vivo damage, effects partly dependent on the interaction with mannose residues on acinar cells. These data support the potential application of these proteins for treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Observations on the Population Genetic Structure of the Leaf Galling Nematode, Ditylenchus gallaeformans.

Ditylenchus gallaeformans is a plant parasitic nematode that induces galls on aboveground parts of Melastomataceae plants. It differs from most gall-inducing nematodes in that it is not an endoparasite and has been considered as a possible biological control agent against invasive species of Miconia. Little is known about D. gallaeformans biology, genetic differences among populations, and host preferences. This study examined the genetic differences among D. gallaeformans populations from different locations and host species and the phylogenetic relationships among them. Nematodes were collected from galls in plants from Costa Rica, Dominica, and Trinidad. The Cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) region was sequenced from a total of 33 individual nematodes isolated from 33 different plant individuals, representing 21 species of Melastomataceae. Phylogenetic reconstructions, haplotype networks, and analysis of molecular variance showed that the species is monophyletic and has three major clades, which were mostly consistent with geographic location but not with host species. The first clade was composed by two subclades, one with individuals from Costa Rica and one with individuals from Dominica. The second and third clades comprised nematodes only from Trinidad. Overall, there is no evidence of host-species specialization in D. gallaeformans. Biocontrol efforts using the nematode against invasive Miconia could focus on geographical location matching but likely will not need to match host species.

Práticas da equipe da unidade hospitalar relacionadas ao processo de transição dos cuidados paliativos à pessoa idosa do ambiente hospitalar para o domicílio / Practices of the hospital unit team related to the transition process of palliative care for the elderly from the hospital environment to the home

Os Cuidados Paliativos consistem na assistência promovida por uma equipe multidisciplinar, que objetiva a melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente e seus familiares, diante de uma doença que ameace a vida. Com o envelhecimento da população mundial, o aumento da incidência de câncer e outras doenças crônicas, aliado ao recente surgimento da doença da Covid-19, há uma necessidade urgente de atendimento especializado para aliviar o sofrimento humano e suporte ao luto. Diante disso, existe uma demanda crescente por serviços de saúde, que tem como resultado a escassez de recursos, pois a pessoa idosa consome cada vez mais dos serviços de saúde que as outras faixas etárias. Esta é a razão pela qual é preciso construir o processo de transição do cuidado de forma humanizada, respeitando o usuário e sua família. Portanto, é necessário o desenvolvimento de um sistema de desospitalização com o objetivo de reduzir a pressão sobre o sistema de saúde e reinserir o paciente no ambiente familiar. Desta forma, entender a organização das práticas da equipe que assiste o paciente idoso em cuidados paliativos no contexto hospitalar, poderá contribuir para qualificação da assistência e atenuar o sofrimento. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as práticas de cuidados paliativos da equipe no ambiente hospitalar, tendo como foco a articulação do processo de transição destes cuidados para o domicílio. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um hospital público de Belo Horizonte. Os participantes foram 18 profissionais da equipe multiprofissional. Realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de observação participante e entrevistas com os profissionais da equipe. Submeteram-se os dados à análise de conteúdo e foram construídas três categorias: I: A "Percepção da equipe multidisciplinar acerca dos CPs no ambiente hospitalar" identificou como a equipe percebe os cuidados paliativos ofertados na unidade hospitalar. II: A "Atuação e estratégias dos profissionais no preparo da família e/ou cuidador para a alta hospitalar do paciente idoso" foi possível identificar como a equipe atua no processo da desospitalização do paciente. III: "Potencialidades e fragilidades da Rede de atenção à saúde no processo de transição de cuidados paliativos" foi possível identificar as potencialidades e as fragilidades da RAS no processo de desospitalização dos pacientes idosos. Conclui-se que as práticas de CP na instituição mostraram-se como medidas voltadas para a promoção de melhor qualidade de vida do idoso e de seus familiares. Práticas voltadas para o controle da dor e de medidas voltadas para conforto dos idosos. São necessárias melhorias para inserção dos CPs na RAS por meio de ações que contemplem e assegurem a dignidade humana dos idosos em CPs.

Palliative Care consists of assistance provided by a multidisciplinary team, which aims to improve the quality of life of patients and their families, in the face of a life-threatening disease. With the world's population aging, the increasing incidence of cancer and other chronic diseases, coupled with the recent emergence of the Covid-19 disease, there is an urgent need for specialized care to alleviate human suffering and support grieving. In view of this, there is a growing demand for health services, which results in a scarcity of resources, as the elderly person increasingly consumes health services than other age groups. Therefore, it is necessary to build the care transition process in a humanized way, respecting the user and his family. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a dehospitalization system with the objective of reducing the pressure on the health system and reintegrating the patient into the family environment. In this way, understanding the organization of the practices of the team that assists the elderly patient in palliative care in the hospital context can contribute to the qualification of care and alleviate suffering. The present study aimed to analyze the palliative care practices of the team in the hospital environment, focusing on the articulation of the process of transition of this care to the home. This is a qualitative study carried out in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte. The participants were 18 professionals from the multidisciplinary team. Data collection was carried out through participant observation and interviews with team professionals. Data were submitted to content analysis and three categories were constructed: I: "Perception of the multidisciplinary team about palliative care in the hospital environment" identified how the team perceives the palliative care offered in the hospital unit. II: "Performance and strategies of professionals in preparing the family and/or caregiver for the hospital discharge of the Elderly patient" it was possible to identify how the team acts in the process of de-hospitalization of the patient. III: "Potentialities and weaknesses of the health care network in the palliative care transition process" it was possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of RAS in the process of de-hospitalization of elderly patients. It is concluded that the palliative care practices in the institution proved to be measures aimed at promoting a better quality of life for the elderly and their families. With practices aimed at pain control and measures aimed at the dignity and comfort of the elderly. Improvements are needed for the insertion of palliative care in the RAS through actions that contemplate and ensure the human dignity of the elderly in palliative care.

Processo de transição do familiar para o papel de cuidador familiar de um idoso dependente / Transition process from the family to the role of family care of a dependent elderly: an integrative review / Proceso de transición de la familia al papel del cuidado familiar de un dependiente mayor: una revisión integrativa

Objetivo: identificar os condicionantes, facilitadores e inibidores na transição de familiares para o papel de cuidadores familiares de um idoso dependente no domicílio e as intervenções de enfermagem necessárias para uma transição saudável. Metodo: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System onLine (MEDLINE) via PubMed, Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) no mês de janeiro e fevereiro de 2020. Resultados: Após a avaliação, 23 artigos foram selecionados por atenderem a questão de pesquisa e 374 excluídos. Os resultados da pesquisa, foram organizados em três categorias: "condicionantes inibidores da transição saudável ao tornar-se cuidador de um idoso dependente", "condicionantes facilitadores da transição saudável ao tornar-se cuidador de um idoso dependente" e; "intervenções terapêuticas de enfermagem para uma transição saudável". Conclusão: o processo de transição de um familiar para o papel de cuidador familiar de um idoso dependente é extremamente complexo. Requer suporte estruturado, para que o período de instabilidade não perdure. Com as intervenções terapêuticas de enfermagem é possível para o familiar, alcançar a maestria da transição e a estabilidade. (AU)

Objective: To identify the conditioning factors, facilitators and inhibitors in the transition of family members to the role of family caregivers of a dependent elderly person at home and the nursing interventions necessary for a healthy transition. Methods: It is an integrative literature review carried out in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System onLine (MEDLINE) databases via PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) in January and February 2020. Results: After the evaluation, 23 articles were selected because they answered the research question and 374 were excluded. The research results were organized into three categories: "conditions that inhibit the healthy transition when becoming a caregiver for a dependent elderly", "conditions that facilitate the healthy transition when becoming a caregiver for a dependent elderly" and; "Therapeutic nursing interventions for a healthy transition". Conclusion: The transition process of a family member to the role of family caregiver for a dependent elderly person is extremely complex. It requires structured support, so that the period of instability does not last. With therapeutic nursing interventions, it is possible for the family member to achieve mastery of the transition and stability. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar los factores condicionantes, facilitadores e inhibidores en la transición de los miembros de la familia al papel de cuidadores familiares de una persona mayor dependiente en el hogar y las intervenciones de enfermería necesarias para una transición saludable. Métodos: Es una revisión integradora de literatura realizada en las bases de datos del Sistema de Análisis y Recuperación de Literatura Médica en Línea (MEDLINE) a través de PubMed, América Latina y el Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) y el índice acumulativo de enfermería y salud aliada Literatura (CINAHL) en enero y febrero de 2020. Resultados: Después de la evaluación, se seleccionaron 23 artículos porque respondieron a la pregunta de investigación y se excluyeron 374. Los resultados de la investigación se organizaron en tres categorías: "condiciones que inhiben la transición saludable al convertirse en cuidador de un anciano dependiente", "condiciones que facilitan la transición saludable al convertirse en cuidador de un anciano dependiente" y; "Intervenciones de enfermería terapéutica para una transición saludable". Conclusión: El proceso de transición de un miembro de la familia al rol de cuidador familiar de una persona mayor dependiente es extremadamente complejo. Requiere soporte estructurado, de modo que el período de inestabilidad no dure. Con las intervenciones terapéuticas de enfermería, es posible que el miembro de la familia logre el dominio de la transición y la estabilidad. (AU)

Priority conservation of medicinal woody plants from protected forests based on ecological and ethnobotanical data.

The combination of ethnobotanical and ecological knowledge is an important tool in indicating priority species for conservation. We sought to gather ethnobotanical knowledge on the diversity and use of woody medicinal plants in the Chapada Araripe region, assessing the real availability of woody medicinal resources in the Araripe Forests in the cerrado and carrasco areas, and indicate priority species for conservation. A total of 107 species were recorded in the ethnobotanical surveys, classified into 39 families and 83 genera, of which 92 species, 36 families and 70 genera for the cerrado areas, and 47 species, 25 families and 39 genera, for the carrasco areas. 59% were present in the phytosociological surveys for cerrado and 38% for carrascos. Species with high versatility of medicinal use did not necessarily have high local availability, and some were not recorded in the sampling. Thirteen species in cerrados and four in carrascos were indicated as conservation priorities. Use not aligned of species with the reality of the present time can indeed affect the vegetation landscape, and in a future scenario, not taking local measures to conserve protected forest resources, besides increasing the lists of local conservation priorities, can affect economic practices, increasing social and environmental conflicts.

First report of Meloidogyne javanica pathogenic on hybrid lavender (Lavandula ×intermedia) in the United States.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), Meloidogyne spp., are some of the most economically important pathogens of cultivated plants. Meloidogyne javanica is one of the most destructive RKN species and is well known for its broad host range and the severe damage it causes to plant roots (Perry et al. 2009). In Feb 2018, four mature dead and dying hybrid lavender plants (Lavandula ×intermedia 'Phenomenal') were collected in Edgefield County, South Carolina, and suspected of having Phytophthora root and crown rot (Dlugos and Jeffers 2018). Greenhouse-grown plants had been transplanted in Dec 2016 and Jan 2017 into a sandy loam soil on a site that had been fallow or in pasture for over 30 years. Some plants began to turn gray and die in summer 2017, and approximately 40% of 1230 plants were symptomatic or dead by Feb 2018. Phytophthora spp. were not isolated from the collected plants but were isolated from plants collected on subsequent visits. Instead, all four plants had small, smooth galls on the roots. Lavender roots were examined microscopically (30-70×), and egg masses of RKNs were observed on the galls. Mature, sedentary RKN females were handpicked from galled roots, and perineal patterns of 10 specimens were examined and identified as M. javanica. Juveniles and eggs were extracted from lavender roots by the method of Coolen and D'herde (1972). To confirm species identification, DNA was extracted from 10 individual juveniles, and a PCR assay was conducted using species-specific primers for M. javanica, Fjav/Rjav (Zijlstra et al. 2000). A single amplicon was produced with the expected size of approximately 720 bp, which confirmed identity as M. javanica. To determine pathogenicity, M. javanica from lavender roots were inoculated onto susceptible tomato plants for multiplication, and severe gall symptoms occurred on tomato roots 60 days later. Nematodes were extracted from tomato roots and inoculated onto healthy, rooted cuttings of 'Phenomenal' lavender plants growing in pots of soilless medium in a greenhouse. Plants were inoculated with 0, 1000, 2000, 5000, or 10000 eggs and juveniles of M. javanica. Five single-plant replicates were used for each treatment, and plants were randomized on a greenhouse bench. Plants were assessed 60 days after inoculation, and nematodes were extracted from roots and counted. The reproduction factor was 0, 43.8, 40.9, 9.1, 7.7, and 2.6 for initial nematode populations 0, 1000, 2000, 5000, and 10000, respectively, which confirmed pathogenicity (Hussey and Janssen 2002). Meloidogyne javanica also was recovered in Mar 2018 from galled roots on a 'Munstead' (L. angustifolia) lavender plant from Kentucky (provided by the Univ. of Kentucky Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratories), and an unidentified species of Meloidogyne was isolated in Aug 2020 from a 'Phenomenal' plant grown in Florida. COI mtDNA sequences from the SC (MZ542457) and KY (MZ542458) populations were submitted to Genbank. M. javanica previously was found associated with field-grown lavender (hybrid and L. angustifolia) in Brazil, but pathogenicity was not studied (Pauletti and Echeverrigaray 2002). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. javanica pathogenic to L. ×intermedia in the USA, and the first time RKNs have been proven to be pathogenic to Lavandula spp. following Koch's Postulates. Further studies are needed to investigate the geographic distribution of M. javanica on lavender and the potential threat this nematode poses to lavender production in the USA.

Alterations of the male and female reproductive systems induced by COVID-19.

A variety of pneumonia cases of unknown cause emerged in China in December 2019. A new virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Within a few days, COVID-19 became a pandemic disease. This review aimed to investigate the possible implications of COVID-19 for human reproductive systems, as in previous studies ACE2 was highly expressed in some organs of these systems, such as the testicles. A total of 41 publications were found in the specialized databases and, after selection, 7 articles were used to build this study. Our results showed that the fever caused by COVID-19 has a negative effect on spermatogenesis, there is high expression of ACE2 in the testicles and in the uterine tubes and there is a higher level of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is also responsible for the entry of the virus into the cell. Moreover, it was noted that there was viral genetic material in the semen and an increase in the serum concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in men and women, which could cause hypogonadism. Thus, we conclude that there is the possibility of infection and malfunction in the reproductive organs as well as the plausibility of sexual transmission of this disease. Further analysis must be carried out to prove the effects of COVID-19 on the human reproductive systems.

Association between depressive symptoms and quality of life in outpatients and inpatients with heart failure.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, depressive symptoms and quality of life of patients with heart failure and associate quality of life with depressive symptoms. METHOD: A cross-sectional study conducted with outpatients and inpatients. Sociodemographic data were collected and questionnaires were applied to assess quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). RESULTS: The sample consisted of 113 patients. Outpatients were retired (p=0.004), with better education (p=0.034) and higher ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.001). The inpatient group had greater depressive symptoms (18.1±10 vs 14.6±1.3; p=0.036) and lower quality of life (74.1±18.7 vs 40.5±3.4; p<0.001) than the outpatient group. Outpatients with depressive symptom scores from 18 points had worse quality of life scores in 17 of the 21 questions. CONCLUSION: Inpatients had worse depressive symptoms and quality of life, which was more affected in the physical dimension in those with moderate/severe depressive symptoms. Outpatients with more severe depressive symptoms had worse quality of life in all dimensions.

The Effect of Psychotherapy on Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life of Patients with Heart Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Background Patients with heart failure often experience depression, anxiety, and impacts on quality of life. Psychotherapeutic interventions have been used for chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, showing improvement in mental health. However, no studies have assessed the effects of a psychological intervention using psychoanalysis on patients with heart failure. Objective To assess the effect of short-term psychotherapy on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life of patients seen at a specialty clinic. Method A randomized clinical trial with scales to assess outcomes before and after psychotherapy, under the perspective of psychoanalysis, with 12 weekly sessions. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire were used. The mean initial and final scores for quality of life, anxiety, and depression were compared using Student's t-test for independent samples when distribution was normal, or Mann-Whitney test when distribution was non-normal. A bivariate p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Results This study involved 32 patients, 50% were female, mean age was 64.3±11.6, and most participants were New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I (56.3%). For anxiety (p = 0.196), there was no statistically significant difference between groups. For quality of life and depression, there was a statistical difference (p = 0.009 and 0.035, respectively), with a medium effect (Cohen's d = 0.593) on quality of life. Conclusion Short-term psychotherapy in outpatients with heart failure showed an impact on depression and quality of life but did not improve anxiety. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0

Protective effect against gastric mucosa injury of a sulfated agaran from Acanthophora spicifera.

In this study, a polysaccharide from marine alga Acanthophora spicifera (PAs) was isolated and structurally characterized. Its protective potential against chemically-induced gastric mucosa injury was evaluated. The gel permeation chromatography experiments and spectroscopy spectrum showed that PAs is a sulfated polysaccharide with a high molecular mass (6.98 × 105g/mol) and degree of sulfation of 1.23, exhibiting structural characteristic typical of an agar-type polysaccharide. Experimental results demonstrated that PAs reduced the hemorrhagic gastric injury, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PAs reduced the intense gastric oxidative stress, measured by glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. PAs also prevented the reduction of mucus levels adhered to the gastric mucosa, promoted by the aggressive effect of ethanol. In summary, the sulfated polysaccharide from A. spicifera protected the gastric mucosa through the prevention of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa, suggesting as a promising functional food as gastroprotective agent.

Promoção da saúde de idosas com osteoporose: uma abordagem a partir do modelo de promoção da saúde de Nola Pender / Health promotion of elderly women with osteoporosis: an approach based on Nola Pender's health promotion model

Essa dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo geral analisar os comportamentos promotores de saúde adotados por idosas com osteoporose. Sendo um estudo qualitativo, a análise de conteúdo com categorias pré-estabelecidas foi utilizada como método de avaliação das informações colhidas a partir do roteiro baseado no Modelo de Promoção da Saúde (MPS) de Nola Pender. Foram realizadas 25 entrevistas entre dezembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020 no ambulatório de reumatologia da Policlínica Piquet Carneiro da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Todas as participantes do estudo eram mulheres, sendo a idade média das mesmas de 74,04 anos, e o tempo médio de conhecimento do diagnóstico de osteoporose de 17 anos. Verificou-se que 40% das idosas encontravam-se viúvas, 48% residiam sozinhas e 72 % estavam aposentadas. Em relação a escolaridade observou-se que a maioria apresentava o 1º grau completo (28%). Quanto a renda familiar, a maioria (60%) apresentava de 1 a 2 salários-mínimos. Predominaram como resultados o medo de cair (64%), a ocorrência de ao menos uma queda nos últimos 2 anos (60%), o uso de medicamentos com grau de risco II para quedas (68%), baixo consumo da quantidade mínima de cálcio diária preconizada (92%). Também foi encontrado que, 72 % das idosas apresenta cerca de 3 ou mais condições clínicas secundárias. Uma porcentagem significativa das idosas encontravam com sobrepeso (40%), sendo o valor médio do IMC entre as idosas de 26,51. Com relação ao estado menopausal, a idade média de ocorrência da menopausa foi 45,12 anos. Através da análise dos discursos oriundos das entrevistas, notou-se também um déficit de conhecimento sobre os cuidados relativos à doença, embora reconhecessem a necessidade de melhorar hábitos como realizar: atividade física regular, exposição solar e aumentar consumo de alimentos ricos em cálcio. A discussão evidenciou as características individuais das participantes bem como os comportamentos específicos, cognições e afeto capazes de influenciar a adoção de comportamentos saudáveis. Foi destacada a relevância da enfermagem gerontológica e da Atenção Básica (AB) na promoção da saúde de idosas com osteoporose. Por configurar-se como porta de entrada prioritária que coordena e gerencia o cuidado da população, é importante que na AB sejam estabelecidas metas individuais para melhora dos comportamentos de saúde e com isso prevenção das fraturas. A pesquisa demonstrou a carência da compreensão pelas idosas sobre osteoporose e sua principal consequência, a fratura, possibilitando verificar também a multiplicidade dos fatores que afetam a saúde das pessoas idosas e que por vezes, limitam o acesso a recursos importantes para o autocuidado. Foi possível compreender que ações de promoção da saúde, as idosas com osteoporose vêm adotando e precisam melhorar em seu cotidiano, sendo as principais: a busca por informações relevantes sobre osteoporose; a espiritualidade; a atividade física, a exposição solar e; o aumento do consumo diário de alimentos riscos em cálcio. Este conhecimento é importante para a atuação não apenas do enfermeiro, mas de toda equipe multidisciplinar envolvida no suporte às ações voltadas para a promoção da saúde dessas pessoas.

This master's thesis has the general objective of analyzing the health-promoting behaviors adopted by elderly women with osteoporosis. Being a qualitative study, content analysis with pre-established categories was used as a method of evaluating the information gathered from the script based on Nola Pender's Model of Health Promotion (MPS). Twenty-five interviews were conducted between December 2019 and February 2020 at the rheumatology outpatient clinic of the Piquet Carneiro Polyclinic of the Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ). All study participants were women, their average age was 74.04 years, and the average time of knowledge of the diagnosis of osteoporosis was 17 years. It was verified that 40% of the elderly women were widows, 48% lived alone, and 72% were retired. Regarding education, it was observed that most of them had completed primary school (28%). As for family income, the majority (60%) had between 1 and 2 minimum wages. Predominated as results the fear of falling (64%), the occurrence of at least one fall in the last 2 years (60%), the use of medicines with risk grade II for falls (68%), low consumption of the minimum recommended daily amount of calcium (92%). It was also found that 72% of the elderly women presented with 3 or more secondary clinical conditions. A significant percentage of the elderly women were overweight (40%), and the average BMI value among the elderly women was 26.51. Regarding the menopausal status, the average age of occurrence of menopause was 45.12 years. Through the analysis of the speeches coming from the interviews, it was also noted a deficit of knowledge about the care related to the disease, although they recognized the need to improve habits such as regular physical activity, sun exposure and increased consumption of foods rich in calcium. The discussion highlighted the individual characteristics of the participants as well as the specific behaviors, cognitions, and affect that can influence the adoption of healthy behaviors. The relevance of gerontological nursing and Primary Care (Atenção Básica - AB) in promoting the health of elderly women with osteoporosis was highlighted. As it is configured as a priority entrance door that coordinates and manages the care of the population, it is important that individual goals are established in the PC for the improvement of health behaviors and thus the prevention of fractures. The research showed the lack of understanding by the elderly about osteoporosis and its main consequence, fractures, also enabling to verify the multiplicity of factors that affect the health of the elderly and that sometimes limit access to important resources for self-care. It was possible to understand what health promotion actions the elderly women with osteoporosis have been adopting and need to improve in their daily lives, the main ones being: the search for relevant information about osteoporosis, spirituality, physical activity, sun exposure, and increasing the daily consumption of foods high in calcium. This knowledge is important not only for the nurse, but for the entire multidisciplinary team involved in supporting actions aimed at promoting the health of these people.

Association between depressive symptoms and quality of life in outpatients and inpatients with heart failure / Asociación entre síntomas depresivos y calidad de vida en pacientes ambulatorios y hospitalizados con insuficiencia cardíaca / Associação entre sintomas depressivos e qualidade de vida em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca ambulatoriais e hospitalizados

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, depressive symptoms and quality of life of patients with heart failure and associate quality of life with depressive symptoms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted with outpatients and inpatients. Sociodemographic data were collected and questionnaires were applied to assess quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). Results: The sample consisted of 113 patients. Outpatients were retired (p=0.004), with better education (p=0.034) and higher ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.001). The inpatient group had greater depressive symptoms (18.1±10 vs 14.6±1.3; p=0.036) and lower quality of life (74.1±18.7 vs 40.5±3.4; p<0.001) than the outpatient group. Outpatients with depressive symptom scores from 18 points had worse quality of life scores in 17 of the 21 questions. Conclusion: Inpatients had worse depressive symptoms and quality of life, which was more affected in the physical dimension in those with moderate/severe depressive symptoms. Outpatients with more severe depressive symptoms had worse quality of life in all dimensions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas, los síntomas depresivos y la calidad de vida de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca y asociar la calidad de vida con los síntomas depresivos. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado con pacientes ambulatorios y hospitalizados. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y se aplicaron cuestionarios para evaluar la calidad de vida (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) y síntomas depresivos (Inventario de Depresión de Beck). Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 113 pacientes. Los pacientes ambulatorios son jubilados (p=0,004), con mejor escolaridad (p=0,034) y mayor fracción de eyección ventricular (p=0,001). El grupo hospitalizado presentó mayores síntomas depresivos (18,1±10 vs 14,6±1,3; p=0,036) y menor calidad de vida (74,1±18,7 vs 40,5±3,4; p<0,001) que el grupo ambulatorio. Los pacientes ambulatorios con puntuaciones de síntomas depresivos de 18 puntos tuvieron las peores puntuaciones de calidad de vida en 17 de las 21 preguntas. Conclusión: Los pacientes hospitalizados presentaron peor sintomatología depresiva y calidad de vida, la cual fue más afectada en la dimensión física en aquellos con sintomatología depresiva moderada/severa. Los pacientes ambulatorios con síntomas depresivos más graves tenían peor calidad de vida en todas las dimensiones.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as características sociodemográficas e clínicas, sintomas depressivos e qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e associar a qualidade de vida com os sintomas depressivos. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com pacientes ambulatoriais e hospitalizados. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e aplicados questionários para avaliação da qualidade de vida (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) e sintomas depressivos (Inventário de Depressão de Beck). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 113 pacientes. Os ambulatoriais são aposentados (p=0,004), com melhor escolaridade (p=0,034) e maior fração de ejeção ventricular (p=0,001). O grupo hospitalizado teve maiores sintomas depressivos (18,1±10 vs 14,6±1,3; p=0,036) e menor qualidade de vida (74,1±18,7 vs 40,5±3,4; p<0,001) do que o grupo ambulatorial. Pacientes ambulatoriais com escores de sintomas depressivos a partir de 18 pontos apresentaram piores escores de qualidade de vida em 17 das 21 questões. Conclusão: Pacientes hospitalizados tiveram piores sintomas depressivos e qualidade de vida, sendo esta mais afetada na dimensão física naqueles com sintomas depressivos moderados/graves. Pacientes ambulatoriais com sintomas depressivos mais severos tiveram pior qualidade de vida em todas as dimensões.

Residência multiprofissional no percurso formativo de odontólogas: experiências compartilhadas de R-RUA PARA RI / Multiprofessional residency in the training path of dentists: shared experiences from R-RUA PARA RI

Historicamente, o conceito de saúde bucal foi constituído por práticas excessivamente fragmentadas e reducionistas. A aproximação da Odontologia aos conhecimentos e práticas da Saúde Coletiva contribuiu para a mudança desse conceito. As residências multiprofissionais em saúde (RMS) proporcionam uma formação em serviço baseada nos princípios do SUS para os profissionais de saúde e dessa forma são um importante fator de transformação do cenário de práticas. Esta pesquisa narra o percurso da pesquisadora em sua descoberta enquanto residente de primeiro ano da RMS (R1) e proporciona uma troca de experiências com odontólogas egressas (R-ruas) do mesmo campo. O método cartográfico foi tomado como guia, uma vez que essa metodologia trata de acompanhar um processo e o que se produz dele. Foi utilizado um diário de campo, como dispositivo de registro ao longo do processo.Para que a troca de saberes se tornasse possível, as R-ruas foram convidadas a participar de uma entrevista cartográfica realizada pela pesquisadora, que visou buscar a experiência na fala de cada uma. A pesquisa buscou retratar a importância da vivência proporcionada pela RMS na vida pessoal e profissional das egressas do núcleo de odontologia e assim, apoiar futuras profissionais odontólogas em formação e demais trabalhadores das equipes de saúde que se aventuram pelo processo da RMS. A temática do trabalho é relevante considerando o atual contexto político, onde várias mudanças estão ocorrendo nas políticas públicas,principalmente, no âmbito da saúde.(AU)

Aspectos bioéticos dos cuidados em saúde às pessoas idosas ao fim da vida / Bioethical aspects of health care provided to older adults at the end of their lives / Aspectos bioéticos de los cuidados de salud a adultos mayores en el final de la vida

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional, buscando as interfaces existentes entre os princípios bioéticos e os cuidados em saúde prestados ao fim da vida às pessoas idosas. Método: revisão integrativa, cuja busca ocorreu entre outubro e novembro de 2019 nas bases de dados Medline via Pubmed, Lilacs e Scopus com os descritores: "Palliative Care", "Aged" e "Bioethics" de 2014-2019. Resultados: a partir dos artigos selecionados, emergiram as seguintes categorias: condutas terapêuticas frente aos cuidados ao fim da vida; tomada de decisão nos cuidados ao fim da vida; e desafios nos cuidados ao fim da vida. Conclusão: destaca-se a relevância dos profissionais manterem o compromisso com a pessoa idosa e sua família de forma a considerar suas subjetividades e preferências e os instrumentalizar para que os cuidados sejam pautados em princípios bioéticos, para assim proporcionar um processo de morte e de morrer com dignidade.

Objective: to examine the Brazilian and international scientific production for connections between bioethical principles and the health care provided to older adults at the end of their lives. Method: between October and November 2019 this integrative review searched the Medline (Pubmed), Lilacs, and Scopus databases using the descriptors: "Palliative Care", "Aged", and "Bioethics" for the period 2014-2019. Results: the following categories emerged from the selected articles: therapeutic conducted with regard to end-of-life care; decision making on end-of-life care; and challenges in end-of-life care. Conclusion: of particular importance is for health professionals to uphold their commitment to older adults and their families, consider their subjectivities and preferences, and empower and equip them so that care is guided by bioethical principles in order to assure a dignified process of dying and death.

Objetivo: examinar la producción científica brasileña e internacional en busca de conexiones entre los principios bioéticos y la atención médica brindada a los adultos mayores al final de sus vidas. Método: entre octubre y noviembre de 2019, esta revisión integradora buscó en las bases de datos Medline (Pubmed), Lilacs y Scopus utilizando los descriptores: "Cuidados paliativos", "Envejecido" y "Bioética" para el período 2014-2019. Resultados: las siguientes categorías surgieron de los artículos seleccionados: terapéutico realizado con respecto a la atención al final de la vida; toma de decisiones sobre la atención al final de la vida; y desafíos en la atención al final de la vida. Conclusión: es de particular importancia que los profesionales de la salud mantengan su compromiso con los adultos mayores y sus familias, consideren sus subjetividades y preferencias, y los empoderen y equipen para que la atención se guíe por principios bioéticos para asegurar un proceso digno de muerte y muerte.

Sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria caudata reduces hypernociception and inflammatory response during arthritis in rodents.

Polysaccharide from marine alga Gracilaria caudata has potential health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and antidiarrheal effects. Here, we investigated the effect of a sulfated polysaccharide from G. caudata (SP-GC) on hypernociception and inflammatory response in arthritis models. The animals received SP-GC (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) 1 h before tibio-tarsal injection of zymosan. Hypernociception, histopathology, edema, vascular permeability, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cell influx, interleukin (IL)-1ß and nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated in acute phase. In another protocol, animals received SP-GC (30 mg/kg) 2 h post-complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Hypernociception, edema and arthritis index were determined in acute, sub-chronic and chronic phases. Rota-rod test measured the motor performance. SP-GC significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the zymosan-induced hypernociception with maximal effect at 30 mg/kg. The microscopic inflammation, joint edema, MPO activity, cell influx, IL-1ß and NO levels were also reduced by SP-GC. In the CFA-induced arthritis, SP-GC inhibits the hypernociception, edema and arthritic index in acute, sub-chronic and chronic phases. SP-GC did not alter the motor performance of animals. In conclusion, SP-GC exerts protective effect in models of arthritis due to the modulation of cell influx, IL-1ß and NO levels, culminating in the reduction of hypernociception and edema.