Estudo comparativo da clastogênese entre células MDPC-23 e células da medula óssea de camundongos / Effects of lipopolysaccharide and calcitriol on mdpc-23 differentiation into osteoclasts

Reabsorções internas das paredes dentinárias levantam dúvidas sobre a origem de células clásticas na polpa dentária em casos idiopáticos. Estudos recentes sugeriram que as células MDPC-23 (odontoblast-like) podem se diferenciar em células clásticas, contrariando estudos anteriores. O presente estudo teve como objetivo observar a influência do calcitriol (1,25-dihidroxivitamina D3) e do lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) na indução da diferenciação de células MDPC-23 (semelhantes a odontoblastos) em células semelhantes a clastos. Como as células MDPC-23 têm origem ectomesenquimal e células clásticas possuem origem hematopoiética, o estudo foi proposto para comparar, in vitro, o potencial clastogênico de dois modelos de origem embrionárias distintas frente a diferentes estímulos. Dois grupos, MDPC-23 e células da medula óssea de camundongos, foram cultivados e tratados com LPS ou 1,25-dihidroxivitamina D3 (calcitriol). No sexto dia, o ensaio de metiltiazolil-tetrazólio (MTT) foi realizado para observar a viabilidade celular diante dos tratamentos. Em seguida, o ensaio citoquímico foi executado para identificar células positivas para TRAP. Adicionalmente foi feito estudo da expressão gênica dos marcadores da clastogênese, OPG, RANK, RANKL, Csf1r, M-Csf1 e catepsina K, através da PCRq. No ensaio de MTT, a viabilidade celular não foi alterada com os tratamentos em comparação com os subgrupos controle. Células TRAP positivas estavam presentes apenas nos subgrupos medula óssea, induzidos com LPS ou calcitriol. O grupo medula óssea apresentou amplificação para todos os genes alvos mencionados. Já para os subgrupos do grupo MDPC-23 apresentaram expressão gênica significativa, diante dos tratamentos, apenas para os genes Csf1r e catepsina K. Concluiu-se, portanto, que embora apresente expressão relativa para os genes Csf1r e catepsina K, sob tratamento, as células MDPC-23 não foram capazes de se diferenciar em células clásticas.

PEEP-ZEEP Compared with Bag Squeezing and Chest Compression in Mechanically Ventilated Cardiac Patients: Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.

Background and Objectives: Perform the bag squeezing and PEEP-ZEEP techniques associated with manual chest compression in mechanically ventilated cardiac patients in order to observe their effectiveness in the removal of pulmonary secretions and safety from a hemodynamic and ventilatory point of view. Methods: This is a randomized crossover clinical trial developed in a hospital in southern Brazil. We included hemodynamically stable male and female patients aged over 18 years who used invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. The control group was established for the bag-squeezing technique and the intervention group for the PEEP-ZEEP maneuver, both associated with manual chest compression. Tracheal aspiration was performed 2 h before in order to match the groups in relation to the volume of secretion, and also immediately at the end of the techniques in order to measure the amount of secretion collected. Results: The sample had 36 individuals with a mean age of 70.3 years, 21% of the patients were male, and the majority (10.4%) were hospitalized for ischemic heart disease. DBP (p = 0.024), MAP (p = 0.004) and RR (p = 0.041) showed a significant difference in the post-moment in both groups. There was a significant difference in the reduction of peak pressure values (p = 0.011), in the moment after performing the techniques, and also in the Cdyn (p = 0.004) in the control group versus moment. Conclusions: Both maneuvers are safe in terms of hemodynamics and ventilatory mechanics, in addition to being capable of favoring airway clearance through secretion removal, and they can be used in routine physiotherapeutic care.

Unlocking the secrets of saliva: the promising potential of salivary biomarkers for evaluating crack use / Desvendando os segredos da saliva: o potencial promissor dos biomarcadores salivares para avaliar o uso de crack

The forthcoming letter will encompass the following highlights: Crack cocaine use involves smoking a highly addictive form of cocaine, which is a significant concern in Brazil, particularly in urban areas. This addiction is linked to various health problems, including cardiovascular issues, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like AIDS and syphilis, tuberculosis, and a notable increase in mortality, largely due to violent causes. Furthermore, crack cocaine users are particularly vulnerable to dental caries, gingival inflammation, oral mucosa lesions, and xerostomia (AU)

A próxima carta incluirá os seguintes destaques: O uso de crack envolve fumar uma forma altamente viciante da cocaína, o que é uma preocupação significativa no Brasil, especialmente em áreas urbanas. Esta dependência está ligada a vários problemas de saúde, incluindo problemas cardiovasculares, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), como a AIDS e a sífilis, a tuberculose e um aumento notável da mortalidade, devido, em grande parte, a causas violentas. Além disso, os usuários de crack são particularmente vulneráveis a cáries dentárias, inflamação gengival, lesões na mucosa oral e xerostomia (AU)

Estudo comparativo da clastogênese entre células MDPC-23 e células da medula óssea de camundongos / Effects of lipopolysaccharide and calcitriol on mdpc-23 differentiation into osteoclasts

Reabsorções internas das paredes dentinárias levantam dúvidas sobre a origem de células clásticas na polpa dentária em casos idiopáticos. Estudos recentes sugeriram que as células MDPC-23 (odontoblast-like) podem se diferenciar em células clásticas, contrariando estudos anteriores. O presente estudo teve como objetivo observar a influência do calcitriol (1,25-dihidroxivitamina D3) e do lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) na indução da diferenciação de células MDPC-23 (semelhantes a odontoblastos) em células semelhantes a clastos. Como as células MDPC-23 têm origem ectomesenquimal e células clásticas possuem origem hematopoiética, o estudo foi proposto para comparar, in vitro, o potencial clastogênico de dois modelos de origem embrionárias distintas frente a diferentes estímulos. Dois grupos, MDPC-23 e células da medula óssea de camundongos, foram cultivados e tratados com LPS ou 1,25-dihidroxivitamina D3 (calcitriol). No sexto dia, o ensaio de metiltiazolil-tetrazólio (MTT) foi realizado para observar a viabilidade celular diante dos tratamentos. Em seguida, o ensaio citoquímico foi executado para identificar células positivas para TRAP. Adicionalmente foi feito estudo da expressão gênica dos marcadores da clastogênese, OPG, RANK, RANKL, Csf1r, M-Csf1 e catepsina K, através da PCRq. No ensaio de MTT, a viabilidade celular não foi alterada com os tratamentos em comparação com os subgrupos controle. Células TRAP positivas estavam presentes apenas nos subgrupos medula óssea, induzidos com LPS ou calcitriol. O grupo medula óssea apresentou amplificação para todos os genes alvos mencionados. Já para os subgrupos do grupo MDPC-23 apresentaram expressão gênica significativa, diante dos tratamentos, apenas para os genes Csf1r e catepsina K. Concluiu-se, portanto, que embora apresente expressão relativa para os genes Csf1r e catepsina K, sob tratamento, as células MDPC-23 não foram capazes de se diferenciar em células clásticas.

Effects of Alendronate and Dexamethasone on Osteoclast Gene Expression and Bone Resorption in Mouse Marrow Cultures.

Osteoclasts are cells whose main function is the resorption of bone matrix. However, several factors, including medications, can interfere with the resorption process. Alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing type of bisphosphonate, and dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid, are drugs that may affect the resorption activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ALN, and/or DEX on osteoclast gene expression and resorption activity in primary mouse marrow cultures stimulated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a model for the bone microenvironment. Cultures were treated only with ALN (10-5 M), DEX (10-6 M), and with a combination of both agents. Viability assays performed at days 5, 7, and 9 showed the highest number of viable cells at day 7. All the following assays were then performed at day 7 of cell culture: tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) immunofluorescence, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and RANKL gene expression by qPCR and resorption analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Treatment with ALN, DEX, and the combination of both did not promote significant changes in the number of TRAP+ cells, although larger giant cells were detected in groups treated with DEX. DEX treatment increased the gene expression of RANKL and reduced OPG. The treatment with ALN reduced the depth of the resorption pits, but their inhibitory effect was less effective when administered with DEX.

Avaliação in vitro da atividade de óleos essenciais do gênero Lavandula sp sobre Candida albicans / In vitro evaluation of the activity of essential oils from genus Lavandula sp on Candida albicans

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais de Lavandula augustifolia Mill, Lavandula officinalis Chaix e Lavandula hybrida E.Rev. ex Briq, bem como o composto químico majoritário do óleo essencial com a menor concentração fungicida mínima sobre 16 isolados biológicos de Candida albicans. Determinar as concentrações fungicidas mínimas, o efeito dos óleos e do composto químico majoritário, em doses subinibitórias sobre a formação de tubo germinativo, clamidoconídeo e a produção de franjas, nos isolados de C. albicans, antes e após contato com os diferentes óleos essenciais e composto químico majoritário. Os três óleos essenciais apresentaram atividade inibitória sobre C. albicans . L. angustifolia CFM50 de 2.631,2µg/mL e CFM90 de 5.252,5µg/mL; L. officinalis, CFM50 de 6.467µg/mL e CFM90 de 10.612µg/mL; e L. hybrida CFM50 e CFM90 de 2.664µg/mL, sendo este óleo essencial o que apresentou a menor concentração fungicida sobre os isolados de C. albicans. Nas doses sub inibitórias os óleos essenciais de L. augustifolia...(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of the essential oils of Lavandula augustifolia Mill, Lavandula officinalis Chaix and Lavandula hybrida E.Rev. ex Briq, as well as the major chemical compound of the essential oil with the lowest minimum fungicidal concentration on 16 biological isolates of Candida albicans. Determine the minimum fungicidal concentrations, the effect of oils and the majority chemical compound, in subinhibitory doses on the formation of germ tube, chlamydoconid and fringe production, in the isolates of C. albicans, before and after contact with the different essential oils and majority chemical compound. The three essential oils showed inhibitory activity on C. albicans. L. angustifolia CFM50 of 2,631.2 µg / mL and CFM90 of 5,252.5 µg / mL; L. officinalis, CFM50 of 6,467µg / mL and CFM90 of 10,612µg / mL; and L. hybrida CFM50 and CFM90 of 2,664µg / mL, this essential oil being the one with the lowest fungicidal concentration on C. albicans isolates. At sub-inhibitory doses, the essential oils of L. augustifolia, L. officinalis and L. hybrida did not inhibit the formation of a germunative tube, chlamydoconid and fringe production. The major chemical compound linalool in the essential oil of L. hybrida inhibited the formation of germ tube and fringe production. From the above and in the conditions of this study, it is concluded that the essential oil of L. hybrida had the lowest fungicidal concentration and the chemical compound linalool inhibited the formation of a germ tube and fringe production on the biological isolates of C. albicans. (AU)

Streptococcus agalactiae: Identification methods, antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance genes in pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a normal component of the gastrointestinal and genital microbiota in humans and can lead to important infections in newborns. AIM: To compare GBS isolation and identification methods as well as to assess the antibiotic susceptibility and to identify resistance genes in GBS strains from pregnant women attended in healthcare services from the city of Vitória da Conquista, in Bahia State, Brazil. METHODS: From January 2017 to February 2018, vaginorectal swabs were obtained from 186 participants and the samples were seeded onto chromogenic agar for GBS before and after inoculation in selective broth. Confirmatory identification using 3 CAMP and latex tests was performed in samples with GBS-suggestive colonies. Then, disk diffusion antibiograms were performed in GBS-positive samples, and the detection of the resistance genes ermB, ermTR, mefA, and linB in the clindamycin and/or erythromycin-resistant samples was carried out. RESULTS: Thirty-two samples (17.2%) were GBS-positive. The culture in chromogenic agar after sample incubation in selective broth was the most sensitive method (96.9%) for GBS detection. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, and vancomycin. Clindamycin resistance was observed in 6 samples (18.8%), while 8 samples (25%) were erythromycin-resistant. All erythromycin and/or clindamycin-resistant GBS strains had negative D-tests. Two strains (25%) presented an M phenotype and 6 isolates (75%) presented a cMLSB phenotype. The ermB gene was identified in 4 samples (44.4%), the mefA gene was also found in 4 samples (44.4%), the ermTR gene was identified in 1 isolate (11.1%), and the linB gene was not found in any isolate. CONCLUSION: This study evidenced that the screening for SGB can be performed by means of various methods, including chromogenic media, and that the chemoprophylaxis for pregnant women who cannot use penicillin must be susceptibility-guided.

Prevalence and factors associated with group B streptococcal colonization in pregnant women / Prevalência e fatores associados a colonização por estreptococo do grupo B em gestantes

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with the colonization by group B streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women from the urban area attended at health units in a municipality in northeastern Brazil. Methods: it is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to March 2018. Vagino-rectal swabs were collected from 210 pregnant women between 32 and 40 weeks of gestation. The swabs were seeded on 5% sheep blood agar and on chromogenic agar. For confirmatory identification of GBS, the CAMP test and latex agglutination were used. Descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariate association analysis were performed using a multinomial logistic model. Results: the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women was 18.1% (n = 38), and a statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found for income and parity variables in the group of older women in the univariate analysis, and for skin color, age and parity in the final multivariate analysis. Conclusions: the prevalence of maternal colonization by GBS was similar to that described in other studies. Although some risk factors, such as skin color, age and parity, were associated with colonization, other studies are essential to establish more information on pregnant women more likely to be colonized by GBS.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar a prevalência e apontar fatores associados à colonização por estreptococos do grupo B (EGB) em gestantes da zona urbana atendidas em unidades de saúde de um município do nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado entre janeiro de 2017 a março de 2018. Foram coletados swabs vaginorretais de 210 gestantes entre a 32 e 40 semanas de gestação. As amostras foram semeadas em ágar sangue de carneiro 5% e ágar cromogênico. Para identificação confirmatoria de EGB foram utilizados o teste de CAMP e aglutinação em látex. Foram realizadas análise descritiva, de associação univariada e multivariada utilizando modelo logístico multinomial. Resultados: a prevalência de colonização por EGB entre as gestantes foi de 18,1% (n=38), e as variáveis renda e paridade no grupo de mulheres mais velhas na análise univariada além de cor da pele, idade e paridade na análise multivariada final estiveram estatisticamente associadas ao desfecho (p<0,05). Conclusões: a prevalência da colonização materna pelo EGB mostrou-se semelhante às descritas em outros estudos. Apesar de alguns fatores de risco como cor da pele, idade e paridade estarem associados à colonização, outros estudos são fundamentais para se estabelecer maiores informações sobre as gestantes mais passíveis de colonização pelo EGB.

Effect of Short-Term Inhalation of The Herbicide 2, 4D on Cardiac Remodeling: Morphological Aspects

Brazil is the worldwide leader in the long-term use of pesticides and herbicides. This compromises the health of handlers by causing harmful neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular changes. The herbicide 2.4D has been shown to cause cardiac overload with subsequent pathological remodeling. Objective: To analyze the cardiac morphological repercussions on the left ventricle (LV) of mice submitted to nebulization by the herbicide 2.4D. Methods: Fifteen mice were divided into three groups: control group (CG; n = 5) exposed to nebulization with sodium chloride solution; low concentration group (LCG; n = 5) exposed to nebulization of the herbicide 2.4D with 3.71 x 10-3 grams; and high concentration group (HCG; n = 5) exposed to nebulization of the herbicide 2.4D with 9.28 x 10-3 grams for 15 minutes. The fractal dimension analysis was performed through the box-counting method. Later, the ImageJ program was used to calculate the fractal dimension of each group. To evaluate cardiac remodeling, histological slides were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Fifty areas of cardiomyocytes were analyzed per animal. The comparisons between groups were performed by ANOVA One-Way with Tukey's posttest (p < 0.05). Results: There was no change in fractal dimension values between the CG = 1.37 ± 0.02, LCG = 1.33 ± 0.04 and the HCG = 1.33 ± 0.07 groups. However, cardiac hypertrophy occurred in the HCG = 303.9 ± 38.80 µm(2) when compared to the CG group = 236.9 ± 61.71 µm(2) (p = 0.034). Conclusion: The herbicide 2.4D used for 72 hours did not promote cardiotoxicity when evaluated by fractal dimension. However, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was observed in the LV

Pesquisa de fosfatase alcalina e peroxidase em leites pasteurizados no Estado de Sergipe / Research of peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase in pasteurized milk in the State of Sergipe

O leite é um alimento considerado altamente perecível, devido a sua composição de nutrientes, favorecendo assim, a multiplicação microbiana. Quando armazenado e produzido em condições inadequadas, representam um grande risco à saúde do consumidor. Desta forma, se faz necessário que o leite seja tratado termicamente. Diante disto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a pasteurização de leites com selo de inspeção produzidos no estado de Sergipe através da pesquisa das enzimas fosfatase alcalina e peroxidase. Foram coletadas 10 amostras de leite pasteurizado, optando-se por fabricantes devidamente registrados ao Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) ou Serviço de Inspeção Estadual (SIE) produzidos no estado de Sergipe. Os resultados obtidos nas amostras do leite pasteurizado demonstraram perfil enzimático satisfatório, ou seja, foi constatada a inativação da fosfatase alcalina, e a atividade da peroxidase, indicando assim que o leite foi corretamente pasteurizado.

Probability of premature death for chronic non-communicable diseases, Brazil and Regions, projections to 2025. / Probabilidade de morte prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, Brasil e regiões, projeções para 2025.

OBJECTIVE: Objective: To analyze the mortality trends for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in the period 2000-2013 and its probability of death until 2025. METHOD: time series analysis of mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease, with correction for ill-defined causes and underreporting of deaths and calculation of probability of death. RESULTS: There was an average decline of 2.5% per year in all four major NCDs in Brazil. There was a decline in all regions and federal units. The reduced likelihood of death by 30% in 2000 to 26.1% in 2013 and expected decline to 20.5% in 2025. CONCLUSION: From the trend of reduction is expected to reach Brazil reducing overall goal 25% by 2025.

OBJETIVO: Analisar as tendências de mortalidade por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) no período de 2000 a 2013 e a probabilidade de morte até 2025. MÉTODO: Análise de série temporal de mortalidade das DCNT (doenças cardiovasculares, câncer, diabetes e doenças respiratórias crônicas), com correções para causas mal definidas e sub-registro de óbitos, e a probabilidade de morte por essas doenças. RESULTADOS: Houve declínio médio de 2,5% ao ano no conjunto das quatro principais DCNT no Brasil entre 2000 e 2013, em todas as regiões e unidades federativas. A probabilidade de morte foi reduzida de 30% em 2000 para 26,1% em 2013, e estima-se que caia para 20,5% em 2025. CONCLUSÕES: Dada a tendência de queda, prevê-se que o Brasil atinja a meta global de redução de 25% até 2025.

Probabilidade de morte prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, Brasil e regiões, projeções para 2025 / Probability of premature death for chronic non-communicable diseases, Brazil and Regions, projections to 2025

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar as tendências de mortalidade por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) no período de 2000 a 2013 e a probabilidade de morte até 2025. Método: Análise de série temporal de mortalidade das DCNT (doenças cardiovasculares, câncer, diabetes e doenças respiratórias crônicas), com correções para causas mal definidas e sub-registro de óbitos, e a probabilidade de morte por essas doenças. Resultados: Houve declínio médio de 2,5% ao ano no conjunto das quatro principais DCNT no Brasil entre 2000 e 2013, em todas as regiões e unidades federativas. A probabilidade de morte foi reduzida de 30% em 2000 para 26,1% em 2013, e estima-se que caia para 20,5% em 2025. Conclusões: Dada a tendência de queda, prevê-se que o Brasil atinja a meta global de redução de 25% até 2025.

ABSTRACT: Objective: Objective: To analyze the mortality trends for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in the period 2000-2013 and its probability of death until 2025. Method: time series analysis of mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease, with correction for ill-defined causes and underreporting of deaths and calculation of probability of death. Results: There was an average decline of 2.5% per year in all four major NCDs in Brazil. There was a decline in all regions and federal units. The reduced likelihood of death by 30% in 2000 to 26.1% in 2013 and expected decline to 20.5% in 2025. Conclusion: From the trend of reduction is expected to reach Brazil reducing overall goal 25% by 2025.

Dengue Fever and Aedes aegypti in indigenous Brazilians: seroprevalence, risk factors, knowledge and practices.

OBJECTIVE: Dengue remains an important public health problem in Brazil. We estimated the associated factors of dengue seroprevalence among native Indians of the Tremembé ethnic and their knowledge about the aspects related to the presence of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study and a prospective environmental study to monitor the trapping of mosquito eggs monthly were performed. The serological portion of the study involved indigenous people living in the village of Tapera in northeastern Brazil. Ovitraps were monitored for 12 months. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety of 350 indigenous people (82.9%) participated in the study, with an average age of 30.2 years. The seroprevalence was 22.1% and positivity increased with age, with rates of 4.2% in children under 15 years of age, 26.8% in 15 to 59-year-olds and 42.3% in those older than 59 (CI: 2.25-15.96; P < 0.001). A higher incidence of moving to the city and the presence of underlying diseases were associated with the occurrence of dengue (P < 0.001). Four serotypes were detected, with the highest prevalence of DENV-1 (77.8%), followed by DENV-2 (70.4%), DENV-3 (14.8%) and DENV-4 (11.1%). Eggs were collected in all months of the year and in the traps located in the vicinities of the domiciles (57%). CONCLUSIONS: We present the first seroepidemiological survey of dengue conducted among indigenous populations in Brazil. This lack of studies is likely due to the great bureaucratic challenge of working with indigenous populations, which may lead to greater negligence in the health of these populations.

Evolution of tobacco use indicators according to telephone surveys, 2006-2014. / Evolução de indicadores do tabagismo segundo inquéritos de telefone, 2006-2014.

The goal of this study was to describe the trend of tobacco-use indicators for adults in Brazilian state capitals. Simple linear regression was used to analyze tobacco-use trends according to data from telephone survey VIGITEL between 2006 and 2014. The prevalence of smokers in Brazil dropped 0.645p.p. per year this period, from 15.6% (2006) to 10.8% (2014). There was a decrease per sex, schooling, major regions, and in most age groups. The prevalence of former smokers dropped from 22.2% (2006) to 21.2% (2014); smoking 20 cigarettes or more per day went from 4.6% (2006) to 3% (2014). Passive smoking at home dropped 0.614p.p. per year since 2009, and was 9.4% in 2014. Passive smoking at the workplace decreased 0.54p.p. a year, reaching 8.9% in 2014. The prevalence trend of smokers is declining for sexes, schooling, and major regions in almost all age groups. This indicates that the global target of 30% reduction in tobacco use until 2025 is possible to be reached, reflecting the effectiveness of control actions for this risk factor in Brazil.

Can anxiety increase tremors in patients with Parkinson's disease? An experimental model

Abstract Background Among non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), anxiety occurs in up to 67% of patients. Clinically, PD patients report worsening of tremors in anxiogenic situations. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between motor symptoms and anxiety in PD patients and compare their performances with those of healthy volunteers. Methods Fifteen volunteers with PD and 15 healthy volunteers without clinically significant psychiatric disorders were evaluated. Both groups were subjected to a simulated public speaking test (SPST). The following parameters were measured: visual analog mood scale (VAMS), items related to tremors of UPDRS, bradykinesia tests, blood pressure, and heart rate. Results Results of repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant effect on group × phase interaction (F3.7,105.6 = 2.56; p = 0.046) for VAMS anxiety factor. Regarding tremors, ANOVA indicated significant differences in group × phase interaction (F4.5,121 = 2.88; p = 0.021) and between the groups (F1,27 = 45.88, p < 0.001), with differences in the anticipatory phase, performance, and post-speech, compared with those in the baseline. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to other factors of VAMS, physiological measurements, and bradykinesia. Discussion Worsening of tremors occurred during SPST, particularly in phases with higher anxiety scores.

Evolução de indicadores do tabagismo segundo inquéritos de telefone, 2006-2014 / Evolución de indicadores del tabaquismo según encuestas por teléfono, de 2006-2014 / Evolution of tobacco use indicators according to telephone surveys, 2006-2014

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a tendência de indicadores de tabagismo em adultos nas capitais brasileiras. Utilizou-se regressão linear simples para analisar a tendência do tabagismo segundo dados do inquérito telefônico VIGITEL, entre 2006-2014. A prevalência de fumantes no Brasil caiu 0,645p.p. por ano no período, variando de 15,6% (2006) a 10,8% (2014). Houve redução por sexo, escolaridade, grandes regiões, e na maioria das faixas etárias. A prevalência de ex-fumantes passou de 22,2% (2006) para 21,2% (2014), fumo de 20 cigarros ou mais por dia de 4,6% (2006) para 3% (2014). Fumo passivo no domicílio reduziu 0,614p.p. ao ano, desde 2009, sendo de 9,4% em 2014. Fumo passivo no trabalho reduziu 0,54p.p. ao ano, chegando a 8,9% em 2014. A tendência da prevalência de fumantes é declinante, para ambos os sexos, níveis de escolaridade e grandes regiões, em quase todas as faixas etárias. Isso aponta que a meta global de redução de 30% do tabagismo até 2025 tem potencial para ser alcançada, refletindo importantes ações de controle desse fator de risco no país.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue describir la tendencia de indicadores de tabaquismo en adultos dentro de las capitales brasileñas. Se utilizó una regresión lineal simple para analizar la tendencia del tabaquismo, según datos de la encuesta telefónica VIGITEL, entre 2006-2014. La prevalencia de fumadores en Brasil cayó 0,645p.p. por año durante el período, variando de un 15,6% (2006) a un 10,8% (2014). Hubo una reducción por sexo, escolaridad, grandes regiones, y en la mayoría de las franjas de edad. La prevalencia de ex-fumadores pasó de 22,2% (2006) a 21,2% (2014), el consumo de 20 cigarrillos o más al día de un 4,6% (2006) a un 3% (2014). Los fumadores pasivos en el domicilio se redujeron 0,614p.p. al año, desde 2009, siendo de un 9,4% en 2014. Los fumadores pasivos en el trabajo se redujeron un 0,54p.p. al año, llegando a un 8,9% en 2014. La tendencia de la prevalencia de fumadores esa la baja, para ambos sexos, los niveles de escolaridad y grandes regiones, en casi todas las franjas de edad. Esto apunta a que la meta global de reducción de un 30% del tabaquismo hasta 2025 tiene potencial para ser alcanzada, reflejando importantes acciones de control de ese factor de riesgo en el país.

Abstract: The goal of this study was to describe the trend of tobacco-use indicators for adults in Brazilian state capitals. Simple linear regression was used to analyze tobacco-use trends according to data from telephone survey VIGITEL between 2006 and 2014. The prevalence of smokers in Brazil dropped 0.645p.p. per year this period, from 15.6% (2006) to 10.8% (2014). There was a decrease per sex, schooling, major regions, and in most age groups. The prevalence of former smokers dropped from 22.2% (2006) to 21.2% (2014); smoking 20 cigarettes or more per day went from 4.6% (2006) to 3% (2014). Passive smoking at home dropped 0.614p.p. per year since 2009, and was 9.4% in 2014. Passive smoking at the workplace decreased 0.54p.p. a year, reaching 8.9% in 2014. The prevalence trend of smokers is declining for sexes, schooling, and major regions in almost all age groups. This indicates that the global target of 30% reduction in tobacco use until 2025 is possible to be reached, reflecting the effectiveness of control actions for this risk factor in Brazil.

Progress with the Strategic Action Plan for Tackling Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil, 2011-2015. / Avanços do Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis no Brasil, 2011-2015.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the actions undertaken by the Strategic Action Plan for Tackling Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Brazil, from 2011 to 2015. METHODS: the actions were identified through sectorial and interministerial meetings, annual forums, as well as document reviews of publications and laws on government websites. RESULTS: the actions found were: national surveys and monitoring of mortality and risk factor reduction targets; encouragement of physical activity, adequate nutrition and health promotion through the creation of the Health Gym Program (Programa Academia da Saúde); the publication of legislation on tobacco-free environments; free of charge drugs for hypertension, diabetes, and asthma; organization of the emergency service network for cardiovascular diseases; and expanding access to diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. CONCLUSION: we found progress regarding surveillance, health promotion and comprehensive care; in general, the goals of the Plan are being met.

[The Health Academy Program as a strategy to promote health and healthy lifestyles: the national implementation scenario]. / O Programa Academia da Saúde como estratégia de promoção da saúde e modos de vida saudáveis: cenário nacional de implementação.

The National Health Promotion Policy reasserted the Brazilian Ministry of Health's commitment to bolster the promotion of health in the Unified Health System. In this context, the Health Academy Program constitutes a new tool of the health network for the enhancement of individual and collective primary healthcare. The scope of this study is to present the program implementation scenario, describing characteristics of its operation in the country. Data were collected through an electronic form sent to all Municipal Health Departments that received federal resources to implement the program. The response rate was 85%, corresponding to 2,418 municipalities. A total of 856 centers were found to be in operation, primarily promoting physical exercise, healthy eating and health education. The main participants were adults and the elderly. Difficulties reported by the administrators involve the inclusion of children and adolescents and the hiring of professionals. Over 90% of the program centers do not depend exclusively on federal funding for operation and receive municipal support to conduct their activities. The results show the potential of the program as a strategy to promote healthcare in the community nationwide in Brazil.

O Programa Academia da Saúde como estratégia de promoção da saúde e modos de vida saudáveis: cenário nacional de implementação / The Health Academy Program as a strategy to promote health and healthy lifestyles: the national implementation scenario

Resumo A Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde reafirmou o compromisso do Ministério da Saúde com o fortalecimento da promoção da saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde e, nesse contexto, o Programa Academia da Saúde se destaca como novo equipamento na rede de serviços, potencializando ações de cuidados individuais e coletivos na atenção básica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever o cenário da implantação do Programa e apresentar características de seu funcionamento no país. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário eletrônico enviado a todas as Secretarias Municipais de Saúde que receberam recurso para implantar o Programa e a taxa de resposta foi de 85%, correspondendo a 2418 municípios. Um total de 856 polos informou estar em funcionamento, desenvolvendo prioritariamente atividades de práticas corporais, alimentação saudável e educação em saúde. O principal público participante do Programa foram adultos e idosos. Dificuldades apontadas pelos gestores incluem a inclusão de crianças e adolescentes e a contratação de profissionais. Mais de 90% dos polos não dependem exclusivamente do recurso federal para funcionamento, recebendo contrapartidas municipais para o desenvolvimento de suas atividades. Os resultados evidenciam o potencial do Programa como estratégia de promoção da saúde e produção do cuidado nas comunidades, sendo fundamental qualificar suas ações em todo o país.

Abstract The National Health Promotion Policy reasserted the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s commitment to bolster the promotion of health in the Unified Health System. In this context, the Health Academy Program constitutes a new tool of the health network for the enhancement of individual and collective primary healthcare. The scope of this study is to present the program implementation scenario, describing characteristics of its operation in the country. Data were collected through an electronic form sent to all Municipal Health Departments that received federal resources to implement the program. The response rate was 85%, corresponding to 2,418 municipalities. A total of 856 centers were found to be in operation, primarily promoting physical exercise, healthy eating and health education. The main participants were adults and the elderly. Difficulties reported by the administrators involve the inclusion of children and adolescents and the hiring of professionals. Over 90% of the program centers do not depend exclusively on federal funding for operation and receive municipal support to conduct their activities. The results show the potential of the program as a strategy to promote healthcare in the community nationwide in Brazil.

Avanços do Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis no Brasil, 2011-2015 / Avances del Plan de acciones estratégicas para el combate de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles en Brasil, 2011-2015 / Progress with the Strategic Action Plan for Tackling Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil, 2011-2015

OBJETIVO: descrever as ações realizadas no âmbito do Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT) no Brasil, de 2011 a 2015. MÉTODOS: as ações foram levantadas por meio de reuniões setoriais, interministeriais, fóruns anuais, além de revisão documental de publicações e legislações em sítios eletrônicos governamentais. RESULTADOS: foram realizadas pesquisas nacionais e monitoramento das metas de redução de mortalidade e fatores de risco, ações de estímulo à atividade física, alimentação adequada e promoção da saúde mediante a criação do Programa Academia da Saúde, publicação de legislação sobre ambientes livres do tabaco, distribuição gratuita de medicamentos para hipertensão, diabetes e asma, organização da rede de atendimento de urgências para doenças cardiovasculares e ampliação do acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento do paciente oncológico. CONCLUSÃO: observaram-se avanços referentes à vigilância, promoção da saúde e cuidado integral; de modo geral, as metas do Plano vêm sendo alcançadas.

OBJETIVO: describir los avances del plan de acciones estratégicas para el combate de Enfermedades No Transmisibles (ENT) en Brasil (2011 y 2015). MÉTODOS: las acciones fueron levantas a través de reuniones sectoriales, interministeriales, foros anuales, además de una revisión de publicaciones y legislaciones en sitios electrónicos gubernamentales. RESULTADOS: fueron realizadas investigaciones nacionales y monitoreo de las metas de reducción de mortalidad por factores de riesgo, acciones de estimulación para actividad física, alimentación adecuada y promoción de la salud mediante la creación del Programa "Academia da Saúde", publicación de legislación sobre ambientes libres de tabaco, distribución gratuita de medicamentos para hipertensión, diabetes y asma, organización de una red de atención de emergencias para enfermedades cardiovasculares y ampliación del acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento del paciente oncológico. CONCLUSIÓN: hubo avances con respecto a la vigilancia, promoción de la salud y la atención integral; en general, los objetivos del Plan están siendo alcanzados.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the actions undertaken by the Strategic Action Plan for Tackling Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Brazil, from 2011 to 2015. METHODS: the actions were identified through sectorial and interministerial meetings, annual forums, as well as document reviews of publications and laws on government websites. RESULTS: the actions found were: national surveys and monitoring of mortality and risk factor reduction targets; encouragement of physical activity, adequate nutrition and health promotion through the creation of the Health Gym Program (Programa Academia da Saúde); the publication of legislation on tobacco-free environments; free of charge drugs for hypertension, diabetes, and asthma; organization of the emergency service network for cardiovascular diseases; and expanding access to diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. CONCLUSION: we found progress regarding surveillance, health promotion and comprehensive care; in general, the goals of the Plan are being met.