Fístula arterioileal: experiencia en un hospital terciario y revisión de la literatura / Arterial-ileal fistula: experience from a tertiary referral center and literature review

Introducción y objetivo: la fístula entre la arteria ilíaca y el conducto ileal (Bricker) es una patología con un elevado riesgo vital. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer esta entidad, describir su presentación, sus métodos diagnósticos y su tratamiento basados en los casos en un hospital terciario y en la revisión de la literatura. Material y métodos: presentamos los casos de fístulas arterioileales ocurridos en nuestro centro entre 2016 y 2020. Se realizó una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura publicada hasta la fecha mediante la búsqueda en PubMed de artículos publicados entre 1971 y 2020, incluyendo las palabras claves “arterial ileal conduit fistula” y seleccionando únicamente los artículos en español e inglés. Resultados: se identificaron 4 casos en nuestro centro. Se reconocieron en la búsqueda bibliográfica 13 artículos que describían 16 casos de fístulas arterioileales. La mayoría compartía factores comunes de riesgo y el abordaje quirúrgico fue mayoritariamente la cirugía abierta. El abordaje adecuado parece ser la combinación de cirugía abierta y endovascular, efectiva en 3 de nuestros 4 casos. Conclusión: la fístula entre la arteria ilíaca y el conducto ileal es una complicación infrecuente y grave, con una mortalidad en torno al 44 %. Resulta difícil de diagnosticar, salvo que exista alta sospecha clínica, con pocos casos descritos en la literatura. Es fundamental tener en cuenta la historia clínica previa del paciente. (AU)

Introduction and objective: the presence of a fistula between the iliac artery and the ileal conduit is a live-threatening condition that must be known and, therefore, suspected after a massive bleeding through the ileal conduit. The objective of this article is to present the arterial-ileal fistula, describe its presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatments, based on the cases presented in a tertiary referral center and literature review. Material and methods: all cases of arterial-ileal fistulas collected at our center from 2016 through 2020 are presented here. A comprehensive literature review published to date was also conducted based on a search for articles published from 1971 through 2020 on the PubMed database with the keywords “arterial ileal conduit fistula”, including studies only published in English and Spanish languages. Results: a total of 4 cases were identified in our center. A total of 13 articles describing 16 cases of arterial-ileal fistula were identified from the medical literature, most of them with some risk factors in common. The approach followed was mainly open surgery. The proper treatment seems to be a combination between open surgery and endovascular approaches, which turned out to be effective in 3 of our 4 cases. Conclusion: a fistula between the artery and the ileal conduit is a rare but serious complication, with a 44% mortality rate. It is difficult to diagnose unless there is clinical suspicion involved, with only a few cases reported in the medical literature. We should consider the patient’s pathological history to identify this entity. (AU)

Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With end Stage Renal Disease

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The coexistence of high thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risks, added to the lack of strong scientific evidence on the safety of anticoagulants in the setting of renal failure, makes this a clinically challenging situation. Objectives To describe the clinical-demographic profile and prevalence of AF in the population with ESRD undergoing dialysis. Secondary objectives include the assessment of thromboembolic (CHA2DS2VASC) and bleeding (HASBLED) risk scores. Methods Cross-sectional analytical-descriptive study, carried out between January and March 2020. Patients with ESRD were evaluated by means of a medical history questionnaire, physical examination, and 12-lead electrocardiogram. A chi-square (χ2) association test was applied to calculate association between clinical variables and AF, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results This study evaluated 295 patients, most of whom were men (170), elderly (63, IQR 53-71), current smokers (130), with associated cardio-endocrine comorbidities. The prevalence of AF was 6.7% (20). Heart failure (HF) (χ2=15.417; p<0.001), age of 65 years or older (χ2=14.584; p<0.001), and anticoagulation (χ2=5.715; p<0.01) were associated with AF. The median CHA2DS2VASC and HASBLED was 4 and 3, respectively. Eight patients were taking warfarin and five were receiving apixaban. Conclusion The prevalence of AF in this study is similar to that reported in other published articles on the subject, and patients were at high risk for cardiovascular outcomes. Non-anticoagulation strategy was commonly adopted due to controversies in the literature as well as the absence of published randomized clinical trials.

O processo regulatório do exercício da acupuntura no Brasil: dilemas e conflitos / The regulatory process of acupuncture practice in Brazil: dilemmas and conflicts

Embora muitas das técnicas da medicina tradicional chinesa sejam praticadas atualmente nos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde, a regulamentação da acupuntura no Brasil é conflituosa e marcada por disputas judiciais. Envolvidas nas disputas em torno do exercício profissional dessas práticas estão autarquias federais e entidades profissionais da saúde. O presente artigo analisou a constituição dos discursos de atores envolvidos no processo de regulamentação da acupuntura no Brasil em um recorte temporal histórico, referente ao período de 2000 a 2012. Foram pesquisados 228 textos nos sites institucionais de 39 entidades ligadas à medicina tradicional chinesa e, particularmente, à acupuntura. Os textos foram submetidos à análise de discurso conforme a abordagem de Dominique Maingueneau. As formações discursivas da acupuntura médica e da acupuntura multiprofissional configuram entendimentos distintos sobre a institucionalização dessa prática. A ausência de um consenso sobre a delimitação do campo de atuação do acupunturista é um obstáculo considerável para a regulamentação da prática. As questões ético-legais das delimitações do campo de atuação, a criação de diretrizes para ensino e pesquisa e o estabelecimento de parâmetros de segurança, qualidade e eficácia são desafios para a implementação da acupuntura nos serviços de saúde.

Although many of the techniques of traditional Chinese medicine are currently practiced in the Brazilian Public Health System health services, the regulation of acupuncture in Brazil is conflicting and marked by legal disputes between federal authorities and health professionals about the professional practice of this health practice. The presente article aimed to analyse the constitution of the different discourses of actors involved in the process of acupuncture regulation in Brazil in a historical timeframe of this trajectory, from 2000 to 2012. 228 texts were collected from the institutional websites of 39 entities related to traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture. Texts were submit ted to the discourse analysis of Dominique Maingueneau. The discursive formations of medical acupuncture and multidisciplinary acupuncture constitute different understandings about the institutionalization of acupuncture. The absence of a consensus on the delimitation of the acupuncturist's field of action is a considerable obstacle to the regulation of the practice. The ethical-legal dilemmas of the field boundaries, the creation of guidelines for teaching and research and the establishment of safety, quality and efficacy parameters are challenges for the implementation of acupuncture in health services.

Carotid Subclavian Bypass for the Treatment of Coronary Subclavian Steal Syndrome

Abstract Coronary subclavian steal syndrome is an uncommon cause of angina in patients with a previous coronary artery bypass graft procedure. The patient had chest pain with the exertion of the left upper limb, difference in blood pressure between the left and right arm, occlusion at the ostium of the left subclavian artery. He underwent carotid subclavian bypass surgery that was successful in relieving symptoms. On the other hand, the patient had an embolic stroke related to the procedure and further assessment may be necessary.

Patient Acceptance of Telemedicine in Urogynecology Consultations - A Cross-Sectional Study Performed at a Brazilian Public Institution / Aceitação de telemedicina em consultas de uroginecologia: Estudo transversal em uma instituição pública brasileira

Abstract Objective To evaluate the acceptance of telemedicine and determine its associated factors in an urogynecology outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Brazil. Methods The present was a cross-sectional study performed between June and November 2020. The included patients had their elective appointments postponed due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The variables considered regarding the acceptance of telemedicine were: urogynecologic diagnosis, age, level of schooling, place of residence, access to the internet, type of device used, frequency of internet use, and use of social media platforms. The categorical variables were described by their absolute and relative frequencies. The association among variables was evaluated through the Fisher exact test, and univariate and multivariate analyses, considering the acceptance of telemedicine as the dependent variable. Results A total of 225 patients were listed, and 182 agreed to participate. The mean age was 59 years old, 81.3% of the patients had access to the internet, and 87.3% of them accepted telemedicine. There were statistically significant associations regarding the acceptance of telemedicine and high levels of schooling (p< 0.01), internet access (p< 0.01), daily use of the internet (p< 0.01), access through personal mobile phone (p< 0.01), and access through the participant's own residence (p< 0.01). In the univariate and multivariate analyses, only high levels of schooling were associated with the acceptance of telemedicine (Adjusted odds ratio: 4.82; 95% confidence interval = 1.59-14.65). Conclusion Most of the urogynecology patients of a public hospital in a developing country accepted telemedicine. Internet access and level of schooling were the factors associated with the acceptance of telemedicine in urogynecology.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar aceitação da telemedicina e determinar seus fatores associados em uma clínica de uroginecologia de um hospital público brasileiro. Métodos Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado entre junho e novembro de 2020. Foram recrutadas pacientes que tiveram seus atendimentos eletivos adiados devido à pandemia de doença do coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, em inglês). As variáveis consideradas para a aceitação da telemedicina foram: diagnóstico uroginecológico, idade, escolaridade, local de residência, acesso à internet, tipo de dispositivo, frequência do uso da internet, e uso de plataformas de redes sociais. As variáveis categóricas foras descritas na forma de suas frequências absoluta e relativa. A associação entre essas variáveis foi avaliada por meio do teste exato de Fisher e análises uni e multivariada, e a aceitação da telemedicina foi considerada a variável dependente. Resultados Um total de 225 pacientes foram listadas, e 182 concordaram em participar. A idade média das participantes foi de 59 anos; 81,3% delas tinham acesso à internet, e 87,3% aceitaram a telemedicina. Observaram-se associações estatisticamente significativas entre a aceitação e maior escolaridade (p< 0,01), acesso à internet (p< 0,01), uso diário da internet (p< 0,01), acesso por celular próprio (p< 0,01), e acesso da própria residência (p< 0,01). Nas análises uni e multivariada, somente alto nível de escolaridade esteve associado à aceitação da telemedicina (razão de probabilidades ajustada: 4,82; intervalo de confiança de 95% = 1,59-14,65). Conclusão A maioria das pacientes atendidas em um hospital público de um país em desenvolvimento concordaram com a telemedicina. Acesso à internet e nível de escolaridade foram fatores associados à aceitação da telemedicina nessa população.

Patient Acceptance of Telemedicine in Urogynecology Consultations - A Cross-Sectional Study Performed at a Brazilian Public Institution.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptance of telemedicine and determine its associated factors in an urogynecology outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Brazil. METHODS: The present was a cross-sectional study performed between June and November 2020. The included patients had their elective appointments postponed due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The variables considered regarding the acceptance of telemedicine were: urogynecologic diagnosis, age, level of schooling, place of residence, access to the internet, type of device used, frequency of internet use, and use of social media platforms. The categorical variables were described by their absolute and relative frequencies. The association among variables was evaluated through the Fisher exact test, and univariate and multivariate analyses, considering the acceptance of telemedicine as the dependent variable. RESULTS: A total of 225 patients were listed, and 182 agreed to participate. The mean age was 59 years old, 81.3% of the patients had access to the internet, and 87.3% of them accepted telemedicine. There were statistically significant associations regarding the acceptance of telemedicine and high levels of schooling (p < 0.01), internet access (p < 0.01), daily use of the internet (p < 0.01), access through personal mobile phone (p < 0.01), and access through the participant's own residence (p < 0.01). In the univariate and multivariate analyses, only high levels of schooling were associated with the acceptance of telemedicine (Adjusted odds ratio: 4.82; 95% confidence interval = 1.59-14.65). CONCLUSION: Most of the urogynecology patients of a public hospital in a developing country accepted telemedicine. Internet access and level of schooling were the factors associated with the acceptance of telemedicine in urogynecology.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar aceitação da telemedicina e determinar seus fatores associados em uma clínica de uroginecologia de um hospital público brasileiro. MéTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado entre junho e novembro de 2020. Foram recrutadas pacientes que tiveram seus atendimentos eletivos adiados devido à pandemia de doença do coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, em inglês). As variáveis consideradas para a aceitação da telemedicina foram: diagnóstico uroginecológico, idade, escolaridade, local de residência, acesso à internet, tipo de dispositivo, frequência do uso da internet, e uso de plataformas de redes sociais. As variáveis categóricas foras descritas na forma de suas frequências absoluta e relativa. A associação entre essas variáveis foi avaliada por meio do teste exato de Fisher e análises uni e multivariada, e a aceitação da telemedicina foi considerada a variável dependente. RESULTADOS: Um total de 225 pacientes foram listadas, e 182 concordaram em participar. A idade média das participantes foi de 59 anos; 81,3% delas tinham acesso à internet, e 87,3% aceitaram a telemedicina. Observaram-se associações estatisticamente significativas entre a aceitação e maior escolaridade (p < 0,01), acesso à internet (p < 0,01), uso diário da internet (p < 0,01), acesso por celular próprio (p < 0,01), e acesso da própria residência (p < 0,01). Nas análises uni e multivariada, somente alto nível de escolaridade esteve associado à aceitação da telemedicina (razão de probabilidades ajustada: 4,82; intervalo de confiança de 95% = 1,59­14,65). CONCLUSãO: A maioria das pacientes atendidas em um hospital público de um país em desenvolvimento concordaram com a telemedicina. Acesso à internet e nível de escolaridade foram fatores associados à aceitação da telemedicina nessa população.

Carotid Subclavian Bypass for the Treatment of Coronary Subclavian Steal Syndrome.

Coronary subclavian steal syndrome is an uncommon cause of angina in patients with a previous coronary artery bypass graft procedure. The patient had chest pain with the exertion of the left upper limb, difference in blood pressure between the left and right arm, occlusion at the ostium of the left subclavian artery. He underwent carotid subclavian bypass surgery that was successful in relieving symptoms. On the other hand, the patient had an embolic stroke related to the procedure and further assessment may be necessary.

Playing remotely in times of crisis: A program to overcome social isolation.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine the feasibility of an intergenerational remote intervention program designed to promote the wellbeing and social connection of vulnerable older adults, mainly people with aphasia and dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic in the south of Brazil. Undergraduate students were guided to lead weekly sessions of clowning, storytelling, dancing, and cooking-related activities for 3 months (from November/2020 to February/2021). METHOD: The mixed-method design of the study addresses the implementation and feasibility of the program. Data analysis considered both quantitative-number of individuals who accepted the invitation to participate, voluntary dropouts, attendance-and qualitative data-participative observation and thematic analysis of evaluative conversations. An inclusive group of 34 older adults with stroke-induced cognitive impairments, dementia and individuals without any neurological conditions enrolled in the program based on social and racial equity principles. Feasibility and acceptability were addressed in terms of recruitment, implementation, remote evaluation, delivery of remote intervention, adherence, and attendance. Activities and participants' perceptions are described. RESULTS: The initial period of the program achieved 83.7% of adherence and sustainability for additional 3 months. Preliminary results suggest feasibility and acceptability, considering formal and informal support in digital inclusion. Participatory observations describe that the structure of sessions and activities were well received. The analysis of participants' perceptions detects the thematic saliency of feelings of social connection and a sense of having learned with the group. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results of this study demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of the program, pointing to its potential mental health benefits.

Aspectos psicológicos da fibromialgia - revisão integrativa / Psychological aspects of fibromyalgia - integrative review

O objetivo do trabalho foi apresentar um panorama descritivo de estudos relacionando aspectos psicológicos à fibromialgia. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa a partir de levantamento bibliográfico nos bancos Scielo e Pepsic, considerando o período de 2015 a 2019. Foram encontrados 96 artigos e 19 foram selecionados segundo os critérios de inclusão. Os dados foram organizados, tabulados e submetidos a Análise Bibliométrica e de Conteúdo. Resultaram 13 artigos de pesquisa de campo, quatro de revisão bibliográfica e dois psicométricos. Seus conteúdos foram analisados em quatro categorias: "coping e estresse", "ansiedade", "depressão" e "outros aspectos psicológicos". Destacam-se dificuldades de adaptação à enfermidade, com consequências negativas como isolamento social, redução de atividades físicas, fadiga, interferência na vida sexual e no sono, além de estresse como consequência e agravante dos sintomas. Houve prevalência de estudos sobre ansiedade e depressão, com correlação positiva de ambas com a intensidade da dor e outros sintomas da fibromialgia.

The objective was to present a descriptive panorama of studies relating psychological aspects to fibromyalgia. An integrative review was conducted from a bibliographic survey in Scielo and Pepsic, considering the period from 2015 to 2019. Ninety-six articles were found and 19 were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data were organized, tabulated, and submitted to Bibliometric and Content Analysis. The result were 13 field research articles, four bibliographic reviews and two psychometrics studies, and their contents were analyzed in four categories: "coping and stress", "anxiety", "depression" and "other psychological aspects". They highlight difficulties in adapting to the disease, with negative consequences such as social isolation, reduction of physical activities, fatigue, interference in sexual life and sleep, besides stress as a consequence and an aggravating of the symptoms. There was a prevalence of studies about anxiety and depression, with positive correlation of both with pain intensity and other symptoms of fibromyalgia.

Evaluation of Ongoing Participation of People with Schizophrenia in a Mutual Support Group as a Complementary Intervention to Outpatient Psychiatric Treatment.

This study aims to evaluate a group of people with schizophrenia undergoing outpatient treatment and who participate in a mutual support intervention, compared to another group of people with the same diagnosis, but attending only the usual outpatient treatment. This is a prospective study, with two measurements between six months. The mutual support group was initially composed of 16 people and the treatment as usual group was composed of 15 people. Clinical (medication adherence and functioning) and Recovery (hope, well-being, recovery and internalized stigma) outcomes were assessed. Nonparametric tests were used to verify differences in measurements between groups and between two moments. A higher level of internalized stigma and a decrease in the adherence to drug treatment in the treatment as usual group were verified. When comparing the pre-post difference between groups, there was a greater increase in adherence to drug treatment in the mutual support group. Our data point to more favorable results in the mutual support group, showing that ongoing participation in these groups is an important tool for the recovery process and for the treatment itself.

Intolerance of uncertainty and mental health in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic / Intolerância a incerteza e saúde mental no Brasil durante a pandemia de Covid-19

Abstract The first Brazilian diagnosed with COVID-19 was identified on February 25th, resulting in a series of governmental actions to prepare the population for the effects of the pandemic. Nevertheless, geographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the country, and the strategies adopted may have contributed to generating a widespread feeling of uncertainty in the population; uncertainty about the disease, how to prevent it, its severity, and its impact on political and economic issues. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and common mental health disorders. Participants were contacted via social media messages and encouraged to fill out an online questionnaire with socioeconomic questions, a short measure of intolerance of uncertainty (IUS-12), and a measure of mental health indicator (DASS-21). With a sample of 924 participants from Sergipe, Brazil, three binomial logistic regressions were performed, one for each DASS-21 outcome, categorized by a median. The women in the sample showed a higher probability of having stress, anxiety and depression scores above the median. Over the entire sample, both subscales of IUS-12 were significantly and positively related to all three DASS-21 subscales. These findings are discussed in the context of mental health during a pandemic, and future directions for research are also presented.

Resumo O primeiro brasileiro diagnosticado com COVID-19 foi identificado dia 25 de fevereiro, resultando em uma série de ações governamentais para preparar a população para os efeitos da pandemia. No entanto, características geográficas e socioeconômicas do país, e as estratégias adotadas, podem ter contribuído para a criação de uma sensação generalizada de incerteza na população; incerteza a respeito da doença, como preveni-la, sua gravidade, e seu impacto em questões políticas e econômicas. Este estudo foi elaborado para investigar a relação entre Intolerância à Incerteza e transtornos mentais comuns. Os participantes foram contactados por mensagens em redes sociais e convidados a preencher um questionário online com questões socioeconômicas, um instrumento breve de Intolerância a Incerteza (IUS-12) e um indicador de saúde mental (DASS-12). Com uma amostra de 924 participantes de Sergipe, Brasil, três regressões logísticas binomiais foram realizadas, uma para cada desfecho do DASS21, categorizados pela mediana. As mulheres da amostra apresentaram maior probabilidade de escores estresse, ansiedade e depressão acima da mediana. Em toda a amostra, ambas subescalas da IUS-12 foram significativa e positivamente relacionadas às três subescalas da DASS-12. Estes achados são discutidos no contexto de saúde mental durante uma pandemia, e futuras direções de pesquisa também são apresentadas.

Consequências negativas de adoecer e sobreviver ao osteossarcoma no cotidiano de adultos jovens: uma revisão narrativa / Consecuencias negativas de la enfermedad y la supervivencia del osteosarcoma en el cotidiano de los adultos jóvenes: una revisión narrativa / Negative consequences of falling ill and surviving osteosarcoma in the daily life of young adults: a narrative review

Resumo: O osteossarcoma é um câncer raro, cuja incidência, no Brasil, está estimada em 350 novos casos/ano, apresentando escassa literatura em saúde mental. Caracterizada como um estudo teórico, esta investigação se propõe a discutir sobre o impacto psicológico trazido pelo osteossarcoma no paciente jovem. É um trabalho discursivo, expositivo-argumentativo, que versa sobre um tema específico, ancorado em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, no espaço-temporal entre 2005 e 2015. Os resultados apontam para uma enfermidade que pode provocar crises existenciais e exigir tratamento psicossocial.

Resumen: El osteossarcoma es un cáncer raro, cuya incidencia, en Brasil, está estimada en 350 nuevos casos / año, presentando escasa literatura en salud mental. Caracterizada como una revisión narrativa, esta investigación propone discutir el impacto psicológico provocado por el osteossarcoma en el paciente joven. Es un trabajo discursivo, expositivo-argumentativo, que versa sobre un tema específico, anclado en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales, en el espacio temporal entre 2005 y 2015. Los resultados apuntan a una enfermedad que puede provocar crisis existenciales y demanda tratamiento psicosocial.

Abstract: Osteosarcoma is a rare type of cancer, whose incidence in Brazil is estimated in 350 new cases/ year presenting little literature in mental health. Characterized as a narrative review, this study aims at discussing the psychological impact brought about osteosarcoma in the young patient. It is an expository-argumentative and discursive work, which explores a specific theme, anchored in the national and international data base resources, from the years 2000 to 2015. The results point out to a disease that can cause existential crisis and demands psychosocial treatment.

[Clown therapy in the hospital setting: A review of the literature]. / Palhaçoterapia em ambiente hospitalar: uma revisão de literatura.

The presence of clowns in hospitals is relatively recent and more than 700 organizations now perform clown therapy in hospitals in Brazil and around the world. Considering the emphasis on comprehensive care and the humanization of health, it is timely to understand and analyze the national and international scientific literature on clown therapy. This practice challenges the hegemonic biomedical model and potentially helps in the recuperation of health. A review of the literature was conducted and 18 publications were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The following categories arose from the analysis: physiological, behavioral, and emotional responses; presurgical anxiety and attribution of new meanings to practices and the hospital environment. Results have shown that clown therapy leads to a significant decrease in preoperative anxiety in children, even compared with the results obtained with the use of anesthesia-inducing drugs. Most studies investigated the use of clown therapy during patients' adaptation to hospitalization, helping them to attribute new meanings to this situation. Despite its low representation in the scientific field and the fact that it has not been widely accepted as a health practice, several studies have shown the benefits of using clown therapy in the hospital setting.

A inserção do palhaço no hospital é relativamente recente e mais de 700 organizações realizam a palhaçoterapia nessas instituições no Brasil e em outras ao redor do mundo. Dada a ênfase na integralidade do cuidado e humanização da assistência à saúde, torna-se oportuno compreender e analisar a produção nacional e internacional do conhecimento científico sobre esta prática que desafia o modelo hegemônico de cuidado e potencialmente contribui na recuperação da saúde. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura utilizando análise de conteúdo temática que analisou 18 publicações. As categorias que emergiram foram: respostas fisiológicas, comportamentais e emocionais; ansiedade pré-operatória; e ressignificação das práticas e do ambiente hospitalar. A literatura analisada aponta que a palhaçoterapia provoca diminuição significativa da ansiedade pré-operatória em crianças, comparativamente maior do que a obtida com o uso de um fármaco indutor de anestesia. A maior parte dos estudos investigou o uso da palhaçoterapia na adaptação à hospitalização, auxiliando na atribuição de novos significados. Apesar da baixa representatividade do tema no campo científico e mesmo não sendo amplamente aceita como prática de saúde, os resultados encontrados sugerem benefícios na utilização da palhaçoterapia em ambiente hospitalar.

Palhaçoterapia em ambiente hospitalar: uma revisão de literatura / Clown therapy in the hospital setting: A review of the literature

Resumo A inserção do palhaço no hospital é relativamente recente e mais de 700 organizações realizam a palhaçoterapia nessas instituições no Brasil e em outras ao redor do mundo. Dada a ênfase na integralidade do cuidado e humanização da assistência à saúde, torna-se oportuno compreender e analisar a produção nacional e internacional do conhecimento científico sobre esta prática que desafia o modelo hegemônico de cuidado e potencialmente contribui na recuperação da saúde. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura utilizando análise de conteúdo temática que analisou 18 publicações. As categorias que emergiram foram: respostas fisiológicas, comportamentais e emocionais; ansiedade pré-operatória; e ressignificação das práticas e do ambiente hospitalar. A literatura analisada aponta que a palhaçoterapia provoca diminuição significativa da ansiedade pré-operatória em crianças, comparativamente maior do que a obtida com o uso de um fármaco indutor de anestesia. A maior parte dos estudos investigou o uso da palhaçoterapia na adaptação à hospitalização, auxiliando na atribuição de novos significados. Apesar da baixa representatividade do tema no campo científico e mesmo não sendo amplamente aceita como prática de saúde, os resultados encontrados sugerem benefícios na utilização da palhaçoterapia em ambiente hospitalar.

Abstract The presence of clowns in hospitals is relatively recent and more than 700 organizations now perform clown therapy in hospitals in Brazil and around the world. Considering the emphasis on comprehensive care and the humanization of health, it is timely to understand and analyze the national and international scientific literature on clown therapy. This practice challenges the hegemonic biomedical model and potentially helps in the recuperation of health. A review of the literature was conducted and 18 publications were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The following categories arose from the analysis: physiological, behavioral, and emotional responses; presurgical anxiety and attribution of new meanings to practices and the hospital environment. Results have shown that clown therapy leads to a significant decrease in preoperative anxiety in children, even compared with the results obtained with the use of anesthesia-inducing drugs. Most studies investigated the use of clown therapy during patients' adaptation to hospitalization, helping them to attribute new meanings to this situation. Despite its low representation in the scientific field and the fact that it has not been widely accepted as a health practice, several studies have shown the benefits of using clown therapy in the hospital setting.

O método fenomenológico nas pesquisas em saúde no brasil: uma análise de produção científica / The phenomenological method in health researches in brazil: an analysis of scientific production / El método fenomenológico en las investigaciones en salud en brasil: un análisis de producción científica

Resumo A fenomenologia como modelo investigativo mostra-se como possibilidade de aproximação entre os profissionais de saúde e usuários do sistema de cuidado à saúde. Este estudo visa contribuir no processo de apropriação filosófica desse enfoque nas investigações nessa área. A pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de analisar a produção periódica científica relacionada à temática, identificando os fenômenos avaliados nesses estudos, as perspectivas teóricas fenomenológicas abordadas, bem como os campos de procedência dos artigos encontrados no período de 2010 a 2014. Os dados foram coletados entre dezembro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015 nas bases da Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e Portal de Periódicos Capes. Nos 17 textos selecionados, destaca-se a área da Enfermagem, que adota essa metodologia; Alfred Schutz predomina como orientação filosófica, seguido por Heidegger. Foram estudados temas relacionados com a mulher em 12 dos trabalhos. A maioria dos estudos não teceu reflexões sobre a pesquisa fenomenológica, atendo-se à escuta das narrativas e descrição fenomênica desvelada com uso de tematizações. As publicações nacionais são escassas e ainda não orientam suficientemente para a produção da investigação das essências.

Abstract Phenomenology as an inquiry method reveals itself as a possibility of making the relationship between the health professionals and the users of the health care system closer. This study aims to contribute to the process of philosophical appropriation of this perspective within the researches in this field. The research was conducted with the goal of analyzing the periodical scientific production related to this subject, identifying the phenomena assessed in these studies, the theoretical phenomenological perspectives adopted, as well as the fields of origin of the articles found between 2010 and 2014. The data were collected between December 2014 and February 2015 in the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Virtual Health Library ("Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde", in Portuguese) and Capes Periodical Portal ("Portal de Periódicos Capes", in Portuguese) databases. In the 17 selected articles, the prevailing field is nursing, which follows this metho-dology; Alfred Schutz is predominant as a philosophical guide, followed by Heidegger. In 12 of the works, the studied topics were related to women. Most of the studies did not provide reflections about the phenomenological research, focusing on hearing the narratives and on the phenomenal description that is revealed with the use of thematizations. The Brazilian publications are scarce, and, moreover, they do not provide enough guidance for the production of the investigation of the essences.

Resumen La fenomenología como modelo de investigación se muestra como posibilidad de acercamiento entre los profesionales de la salud y los usuarios del sistema de salud. Este estudio busca contribuir con el proceso de apropiación filosófica de dicho enfoque en las investigaciones en esta área. La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar la producción científica periódica relacionada a la temática, identificando los fenómenos evaluados en dichos estudios, las perspectivas teóricas fenomenológicas abordadas, así como los campos de procedencia de los artículos encontrados en el período entre 2010 y 2014. Los datos se recogieron entre diciembre del 2014 y febrero del 2015 en las bases de la Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Portal de Periódicos Capes relativos al período de 2010 al 2014. En los 17 textos seleccionados, se destaca el área de la enfermería que adopta esta metodología; Alfred Schutz predomina como orientación filosófica, seguido por Heidegger. En 12 de los trabajos se estudiaron temas relacionados con la mujer. La mayoría de los estudios no elaboró reflexiones sobre la investigación fenomenológica, ateniéndose a la escucha de las narraciones y descripción fenoménica puesta en evidencia con el uso de tematizaciones. Las publicaciones nacionales son escasas y además no orientan lo suficiente a la producción de la investigación de las esencias.

Management of Intracranial Condylar Fracture With Intracranial Migration.

Despite condylar fractures representing one of the most common sites of mandibular fractures, intracranial condylar dislocation is a rare event. In this article, the authors report 2 patients. The first patient is a young female with signs and symptoms as commonly reported in the literature. The second patient reports the consequences of a delayed diagnosis of intracranial condylar fracture dislocation. Both patients underwent surgical treatment. These patients are discussed with a review of the literature, noting biomechanics and mechanism of injury, diagnostic methods, and the treatment for these fractures. Diagnosis also may be challenging at times, though it should always be suspected in patients with bite alterations associated with high energy trauma and the stigmata of direct chin trauma. There is no pathognomonic clinical examination and it is fundamental to use computed tomographic methods for confirmation. Treatment is often open reduction and internal fixation, though it should be tailored for each patient presentation.

Perfil dos gerentes da Atenção Primária: uma revisão integrativa / Managers' profile in Primary Health Care: an integrative review

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil da gerência local de saúde da Atenção Primária. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa de literatura a partir da BVS e da BDENF, utilizando as palavras-chaves "Gerência de Serviços de Saúde" AND "Atenção Primária à Saúde". Foram incluídos artigos publicados em todos os idiomas, de 2006 a 2015, resultando em 14 estudos. Resultados: Observou-se o predomínio do enfermeiro como gestor local de saúde, e a importância de habilidades como liderança, comunicação, organização, planejamento, bom relacionamento, conhecimento, criatividade, e capacidade de motivação. A formação continuada foi evidenciada como importante ferramenta para qualificação da gestão. Conclusão: A definição das competências do gestor local de saúde e discussões sobre a gestão de tais serviços de saúde é essencial para a qualificação da rede de assistência no SUS (AU).

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the local management profile in primary health care. METHOD: A literature integrative review from the Virtual Health Library (BVS) and Specialized Nursing Database (BDENF) was performed using the key words "Gerência de Serviços de Saúde" (Healthcare Management) AND "Atenção Primária à Saúde" (Primary Healthcare). Articles published in all languages, from 2006 to 2015 were included, resulting in 14 studies. RESULTS: The prevalence of nurses as local health managers was observed, as well as the importance of skills such as leadership, communication, organization, planning, good relationships, knowledge, creativity, and ability to motivate others. Continuing education was highlighted as an important tool for management qualification. CONCLUSION: The definition of the health local manager's skills , and discussions about the management of such health services are essential for the qualification of the network services in the Unified Health System (SUS) (AU).

Interface entre regulação em saúde e equidade: revisão integrativa da literatura / Interface between healthcare regulation and equity: an integrative review of the literature* / Interrelación entre regulación en salud y equidad: revisión integrativa de la literatura

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a interface entre a Regulação em Saúde e o princípio da equidade segundo a literatura científica da área de saúde, de 2008 a 2015. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir de duas bases de dados, realizada em junho de 2016. Foram analisados 15 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A síntese do conhecimento foi feita por duas categorias de análise: 1) "Equidade e Acesso" e 2) "Reforma de sistemas de saúde". A Regulação em Saúde é compreendida como importante ferramenta para promoção da equidade. Os serviços de saúde devem priorizar o atendimento de usuários com maiores riscos, permitindo que todos tenham adequados níveis de saúde, a partir de ofertas de serviços distintos, segundo as necessidades individuais. Temas como equidade, acesso e financiamento foram pontos fortes considerados nos processos de reforma dos sistemas de saúde (AU).

This article aims to present the interface between Healthcare Regulation and the principle of equity, according to the scientific literature from the area of health, from 2008 to 2015. It is an integrative review of the literature, based on two databases, undertaken in June 2016. A total of 15 studies which met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The knowledge was summarized in two categories of analysis: 1) "Equity and Access" and 2) "Reform of health systems". Healthcare Regulation is understood as an important instrument for promoting equity. The health services must prioritize the attendance of service users with greater risks, allowing all to have adequate levels of health, based on the offering of distinct services, according to individual needs. Issues such as equity, access and financing were strong points considered in the processes of reform of health systems (AU).

Artículo con el objetivo de presentar la interrelación entre la Legislación de Salud y el principio de equidad en el área de salud según la literatura científica, de 2008 a 2015. Revisión integrativa de la literatura, partiéndose de dos bases de datos, realizada en junio de 2016. Fueron analizados 15 estudios que atendieron los criterios de inclusión. La síntesis del conocimiento se ejecutó en dos categorías de análisis: 1) "Equidad y Acceso" y 2) "Reforma de sistemas de salud". La Legislación en Salud constituye una importante herramienta para la promoción de la equidad. Los servicios de salud deben priorizar la atención de usuarios con mayores riesgos, permitiendo que todos cuenten con niveles de salud adecuados, a partir de ofertas de servicios distintos, según las necesidades individuales. Temas como equidad, acceso y financiamiento fueron puntos fuertes considerados en los procesos de reforma de los sistemas de salud (AU).

Social inequalities in the prevalence of common mental disorders in adults: a population-based study in Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE:: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in adults in a capital city in Southern Brazil. METHODS:: Population-based survey conducted on 1,720 adults aged 20 - 59 years from Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. The CMD were investigated through the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). The independent variables were demographic, socioeconomic, health-related behaviors, health conditions and use of health services. Multivariable Poisson regression was used for the estimation of prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI. RESULTS:: The prevalence of CMD was 14.7%. Adjusted analyses showed that the prevalence was higher among women, those self-reported as blacks, with lower educational level, poor, divorced/separated/widowed, inactive in leisure time, heavy smokers, people with chronic diseases, those who reported negative health self-rating, those who had medical appointments and who were hospitalized before the interview. CONCLUSION:: CMD is relatively high among population subgroups most vulnerable to social inequalities and with worse conditions related to health indicators.