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1.
Actas urol. esp ; 35(6): 354-362, jun. 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88886

ABSTRACT

Contexto: Existe una heterogeneidad de criterio sobre la utilidad del análisis del cálculo urinario, así como de cuál es la metodología más adecuada. En esta revisión se presenta el análisis de la litiasis mediante la técnica del estudio morfoconstitucional basada en la combinación de la microscopía estereoscópica (MEST) con el estudio de infrarrojos (EIR). Resumen de evidencia: Existen múltiples técnicas de análisis del cálculo: análisis químico, microscopía electrónica, difracción por rayos X, MEST y EIR. Mediante la revisión de cada una de estas técnicas y el estudio de varios casos clínicos, el presente trabajo muestra la utilidad clínica del análisis del cálculo, así como las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada uno de los citados métodos. Por otro lado, se evidencia cómo el análisis mediante el estudio morfoconstitucionales el que más información clínica de utilidad ofrece al urólogo. Asimismo, se presenta la clasificación de las litiasis basadas en este método y su correlación clínica con el paciente. Conclusiones: El análisis del cálculo mediante la técnica del estudio morfoconstitucional aporta más información que el resto de técnicas y permite establecer una clasificación del cálculo de gran utilidad clínica y diagnóstica (AU)


Context: There is heterogeneity of criteria on the utility of urinary stone analysis as well as on which is the most suitable methodology. This review presents the analysis of the lithiasis using the morphoconstitutional analysis technique based on the combination of the stereoscopic microscopy (SM) with infrared study (IRS). Summary of the evidence: There are many techniques to analyze the stone: chemical analysis, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, SM and IRS. Reviewing each one of these techniques and through the study of several clinical cases, this review shows the usefulness of stone analysis and the pros and cons of each one of the mentioned techniques. Furthermore, it can be clearly seen how the morphoconstitutional analysis is the one that offers the most useful clinical information to the urologist. In addition, classification of the lithiasis based on this method and its clinical correlation with patients is presented. Conclusions: Using the morphoconstitutional study to analyze the stone offers more information than the other techniques and it makes it possible to establish a stone classification of important clinical and diagnostic utility (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Urolithiasis/diagnosis , Urolithiasis/genetics , Urolithiasis/pathology , Urolithiasis , Urolithiasis/surgery , Urolithiasis , Calculi/genetics , Calculi/pathology , Urolithiasis/blood , Urolithiasis/chemically induced , Urolithiasis/prevention & control , Urolithiasis/urine , Calculi/blood , Calculi/chemistry , Calculi/urine
2.
Actas Urol Esp ; 35(6): 354-62, 2011 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21481973

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: There is heterogeneity of criteria on the utility of urinary stone analysis as well as on which is the most suitable methodology. This review presents the analysis of the lithiasis using the morphoconstitutional analysis technique based on the combination of the stereoscopic microscopy (SM) with infrared study (IRS). SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE: There are many techniques to analyze the stone: chemical analysis, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, SM and IRS. Reviewing each one of these techniques and through the study of several clinical cases, this review shows the usefulness of stone analysis and the pros and cons of each one of the mentioned techniques. Furthermore, it can be clearly seen how the morphoconstitutional analysis is the one that offers the most useful clinical information to the urologist. In addition, classification of the lithiasis based on this method and its clinical correlation with patients is presented. CONCLUSIONS: Using the morphoconstitutional study to analyze the stone offers more information than the other techniques and it makes it possible to establish a stone classification of important clinical and diagnostic utility.


Subject(s)
Urinary Calculi/chemistry , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical , Electron Probe Microanalysis , Humans , Microscopy/methods , Microscopy, Electron , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , X-Ray Diffraction
3.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 30(2): 185-194, mar.-abr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-104529

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Recientemente el grupo CKD-EPI (ChronicKidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) ha publicado una nueva ecuación de estimación del filtrado glomerular(FG) desarrollada a partir de una población de 8.254 individuosa los que se midió el FG mediante aclaramiento de iotalamato (media 68 ml/min/1,73 m2, DE 40ml/min/1,73 m2), y que incluye como variables la creatinina sérica, la edad, el sexo y la raza, con distintas versiones en función de la etnia, el sexo y el valor de la creatinina. La ecuación de CKD-EPI mejoró los resultados en cuanto a exactitud y precisión de la ecuación de elección actual MDRD-IDMS (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease-Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry) en especial para valores de FG superior a 60 ml/min/1,73 m2 en un grupo de 3.896individuos. Material y métodos: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue comparar los valores de FG estimado utilizando la nueva ecuación de CKD-EPI frente a MDRD-IDMS en una amplia cohorte de 14.427 pacientes (5.234 mujeres y 9.193hombres) y analizar las repercusiones que el uso de CKDEPI tendría a la hora de clasificar a la población en distintos estadios de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en función de su FG. Resultados: La media del FG estimado fue 0,6ml/min/1,73 m2 más alto por CKD-EPI que por MDRD-IDMS en el grupo total, 1,9 ml/min/1,73 m2 más alto en el grupo (..) (AU)


Introduction: A recent report by the CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) group describes a new equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).This equation has been developed from a population of8,254 subjects who had the GFR measured by iothalamate clearance (mean 68 ml/min/1.73 m2, SD 40 ml/min/1.73 m2).It includes variables such as serum creatinine, age, sex and race with different formula according to race, sex and creatinine value. The CKD-EPI equation improved the accuracy and precision results of the current first-choice MDRDIDMS(Modification of Diet in Renal Disease-Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry) formula, specially for GFR >60ml/min/1.73 m2 in a group of 3,896 subjects. Methods: The goal of our study was to compare the estimated GFR by using the new equation CKD-EPI with MDRD-IDMS in a wide cohort of 14,427 patients (5,234 women and 9,193 men),and to analyze the impact of the new CKD-EPI formula on (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Creatinine/blood , Creatinine/urine , Kidney Function Tests
4.
Nefrologia ; 30(2): 185-94, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20038962

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: A recent report by the CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) group describes a new equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This equation has been developed from a population of 8,254 subjects who had the GFR measured by iothalamate clearance (mean 68 mL/min/1.73 m2, SD 40 mL/min/1.73 m2). It includes variables such as serum creatinine, age, sex and race with different formula according to race, sex and creatinine value. The CKD-EPI equation improved the accuracy and precision results of the current first-choice MDRD-IDMS (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease-Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry) formula, specially for GFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in a group of 3,896 subjects. METHODS: The goal of our study was to compare the estimated GFR by using the new equation CKD-EPI with MDRD-IDMS in a wide cohort of 14,427 patients (5,234 women and 9,193 men), and to analyze the impact of the new CKD-EPI formula on the staging of patients with CKD. RESULTS: Mean estimated GFR was 0.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher with CKD-EPI as compared to MDRD-IDMS for the whole group, 1.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher for women and 0.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower for men. The percentage of CKD staging concordancy between equations varied from 79.4 % for stage 3A and 98.6% for stage 5. For those patients younger than 70 years, 18.9 % and 24 % MDRD-IDMS stages 3B and 3A were reclassified as CKD 3A and 2 by CKD-EPI, respectively. For the same stages in the group younger than 70 years, the percentage of reclassified patients increased up to 34.4% and 33.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The new CKD-EPI equation to estimate the GFR reclassifies an important number of patients to higher CKD stages (higher GFR), specially younger women, classified as CKD stage 3 by MDRD-IDMS.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Kidney Diseases/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chronic Disease , Cohort Studies , Creatinine/blood , Female , Humans , Iothalamic Acid/pharmacokinetics , Kidney Diseases/classification , Male , Middle Aged , Proteinuria/etiology , Proteinuria/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Young Adult
5.
Actas Urol Esp ; 28(1): 21-6, 2004 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15046476

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Gleason score (Gs) for prostatic cancer has a good prognosis correlation after radical prostatectomy, for this reason its correlation with the Gs in the biopsy can be useful. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred fifteen patients with blind evaluation among three pathologists of their Gs in biopsy and in the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimen are presented. RESULTS: The exact coincidence is present in 49.7% of cases, 38.6% of cases are under graded in the biopsy and 11.6% of them over graded in the biopsy. No cases of Gs 2 in the biopsy are found. Any case with Gs 3 and 4 in the biopsy are reproduced in the radical prostatectomy specimen. The exact coincidence for biopsy Gs 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are 25%, 45%, 72.7%, 36.6% and 60% respectively (kappa 0.32 +/- 0.047, p<0.0001 in Gs 5 to 8). The Gleason pattern 4 is the less diagnosed in prostate biopsies [40% of cases with this pattern in the excision specimen it is missing in the biopsy). CONCLUSIONS: The Gs in the needle prostatic biopsy has a good correspondence with the Gs in the radical prostatectomy specimen. For an increase of the reproducibility it is recommendable avoid the diagnosis of Gs 2, 3 and 4 in biopsy and a scrupulous search for the patterns 4 and 5.


Subject(s)
Prostatectomy , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery , Biopsy, Needle/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of Results
6.
Actas urol. esp ; 28(1): 21-26, ene. 2004.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-29354

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El grado de diferenciación del adenocarcinoma de próstata por el método de Gleason ("score" Gleason) (sG) es un factor pronóstico post-prostatectomía radical, por lo que su representatividad en la biopsia es de sumo interés. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Doscientos quince pacientes con determinación del sG en la biopsia y la pieza de prostatectomía, determinado a ciegas por el mismo equipo de tres patólogos. RESULTADOS: Coincidencia exacta en un 49,7 por ciento, infravaloración en la biopsia en un 38,6 por ciento y sobrevaloración en la biopsia en un 11,6 por ciento. El análisis por sG revela: ausencia de casos con sG 2 en la biopsia. No-reproducibilidad en la pieza de los sG 3 y 4 de las biopsias. Coincidencia de los sG 5, 6, 7, 8 y 9 en biopsia del 25 por ciento, 45 por ciento, 72,7 por ciento, 36,8 por ciento y 60 por ciento, respectivamente (Kappa global 0,32 ñ 0,047, p<0,0001 en sG de 5 a 8).El patrón 4 de Gleason es el menos reconocido o representado en las biopsias (40 por ciento de los que se encuentran en la prostatectomía no han sido detectados en la biopsia). CONCLUSIONES: La determinación del grado en la biopsia por el método de Gleason tiene una buena correlación con el de la pieza de prostatectomía. Para mejorar la correspondencia se deben tener en cuenta que los sG 2, 3 y 4 en biopsia no son reproducidos en las prostatectomías y el porcentaje de coincidencias aumenta con el sG, siendo los patrones 4 y 5 los menos reconocidos en la biopsia, por lo que se recomienda cautela en casos de patrones bajos, en especial con escasa representación de tumor, y una escrupulosa búsqueda de los patrones 4 y 5 y reflejarlos, por escasos que sean en la biopsia (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatectomy , Biopsy, Needle , Reproducibility of Results , Prostatic Neoplasms
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